Acids, Bases and Salts

1. Identify the acid present in tamarind.

(a) Tannic acid (b) Lactic acid
(c) Tartaric acid (d) Citric acid

2. Which acid is present in vinegar?

(a) Formic acid (b) Acetic acid
(c) Citric acid (d) Malic acid

3. In which of the following is ascorbic acid present?

(a) Tea and coffee
(b) Milk
(c) Ants
(d) Fruits and vegetables

4. From which of the following is the natural indicator litmus extracted?

(a) Mycorrhiza (b) Lichens
(c) Mucor (d) Mycelia

5. What is injected into the skin when an ant bites?

(a) Acid (b) Base
(c) Salt (d) Water

6. Which of the following chemicals are used to neutralise the basic nature of soil?
(a) Quicklime (b) Organic matter
(c) Slaked lime (d) Baking soda

7. Which of the following is an antacid?

(a) Mg(OH)2 (b) NaOH
(c) H2SO4 (d) H2O

8. Identify the two kinds of litmus paper.

(a) Blue and red (b) Blue and yellow
(c) Red and green (d) Yellow and red

9. Which of the following statements is correct7

(a) Acids turn blue litmus red.
(b) Bases turn red litmus blue.
(c) Water changes the colour of a litmus.
(d) Both (A) and (B)

10. How does methyl orange indicator change its colour in the presence of acids?
(a) Yellow (b) Green
(c) Red (d) White

11. How does methyl orange indicator change its colour in the presence of bases?
(a) Green (b) Black
(c) Red (d) Yellow

12. What change does colour less phenolphthalein undergo in acidic and neutral solutions?
(a) Remains colour less (b) Turns pink
(c) Turns red (d) Turns green
13. How does colour less phenolphthalein change in the presence of bases?
(a) Remains colour less
(b) Becomes pink
(c) Becomes red
(d) Becomes green

14. A substance 'X’ is found in the milk of magnesia. What is ‘X’?

(a) An acid (b) A base
(c) Water (d) A salt

15. What happens when an acid is slowly added to water?

(a) It releases heat.
(b) It absorbs heat.
(c) There is no heat change,
(d) It undegoes neutralisation.

16. A substance ‘Y’ contains oxalic acid. What is ‘Y’?

(a) Vinegar (b) Tamarind
(c) Soap (d) Spinach

17. Identify the formula of washing soda from the following,

(a) NaCl (b) Na2CO3
(c) NaHCO3 (d) NaOH

18. Which acid is used in the making of synthetic vinegar?

(a) Formic acid (b) Acetic acid
(c) Sulphuric acid (d) Nitric acid

19. What is the effect of the soap solution on phenolphthalein?

(a) It turns pink.
(b) It remains colourless.
(c) It turns blue.
(d) It turns red.

20. An indicator prepared from turmeric (Haldi) is added to a strong alkali solution. What colour does the indicator
change to?
(a) Yellow
(b) Brick red
(c) Orange
(d) Blue

21. What is the chemical formula of caustic potash?

(a) KOH
(b) NH4 OH
(c) Al(OH)3
(d) LiOH

22. A base reacts with an acid to form salt and water. What is this reaction called?
(a) Oxidation reaction
(b) Neutralisation reaction
(c) Reduction reaction
(d) Biochemical reaction
23. Identify the base used in making antacids.
(a) Calcium hydroxide
(b) Sodium hydroxide
(c) Magnesium hydroxide
(d) Barium hydroxide

24. Study the given reaction.

NaOH  HCl  NaCl  H2O
Identify the salt in the above reaction.
(a) NaCl (b) H2O
(c) HCl (d) NaOH

25. Identify the salt used in cooking.

(a) NaCl (b) MgCl2
(c) CaCl2 (d) KCl

26. When CO2 is passed through lime water, it turns milky. Identify the cause for the milkiness.
(a) Formation of CaCO3
(b) Formation of Ca(OH)2
(c) Formation of H2O
(d) Formation of H 2

27. Chemically, which of the following is baking soda?

(a) Ca(OH)2 (b) NaHCO3
(c) Na2CO3 (d) CaO

28. Which is the weakest acid among the following?

(a) Citric acid (b) Sulphuric acid
(c) Hydrochloric acid (d) Nitric acid

29. What is the chemical formula of caustic soda?

(a) Mg(OH)2 (b) KOH
(c) Ca(OH)2 (d) NaOH

30. What are the solutions which do not change the colour of either red or blue litmus called?
(a) Acidic (b) Basic
(c) Neutral (d) Alcohol

31. Which of the following does milk contain?

(a) Acid (b) Base
(c) Salt (d) All of the above

32. Sunidhi's teacher asked her to prepare dilute sulphuric acid from concentrated sulphuric acid. What should she do?
(a) Add water to the acid
(b) Add acid to the water
(c) Add a base to the concentrated acid
(d) Add an alkali to the concentrated acid

33. What do toothpastes contain?

(a) Strong acids (b) Bases
(c) Acidic oxides (d) Metals
34. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
(a) Antacids are bases.
(b) A salt is neither acidic nor basic.
(c) Phenolphthalein is an indicator.
(d) All bases are alkalis but all alkalis are not bases.

35. A pH scale is given below.

Which of the following mixtures can produce a neutral solution?

(a) P and Q (b) P and R
(c) R and S (d) All of these

36. Juice prepared from lemon is taken in a glass tumbler and water is added to it. Then a red litmus paper and a blue
litmus paper were dipped into it. What changes were observed?
(a) Red litmus paper turns blue.
(b) Blue litmus paper turns red.
(c) Red litmus paper becomes white.
(d) Blue litmus paper becomes white.

37. In an accident at a factory, some nitric acid was spilled. Which substance, when added in excess would neutralise
the acid without leaving an alkaline solution?
(a) Aqueous ammonia
(b) Aqueous sodium hydroxide
(c) Calcium carbonate
(d) Water

38. What do antacids contain?

(a) A weak acid (b) A weak base
(c) A strong acid (d) A strong base

39. Which of the following substances react with each other to form salt and water only?
(a) Dilute sodium hydroxide and dilute hydrochloric acid
(b) Magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid
(c) Copper sulphate and dilute sulphuric acid
(d) Washing soda solution in water and dilute nitric acid

40. Identify the only base which does not have a metal in its molecule.
(a) NaOH (Sodium hydroxide)
(b) NH4 OH (Ammonium hydroxide)
(c) Mg(OH)2 (Magnesium hydroxide)
(d) Ca(OH)2 (Calcium hydroxide)
 Answers With Solution

1. (c) Tartaric acid is present in tamarind.

2. (b) The acid present in vinegar is acetic acid. It is a good preservative. It is used in cooking to give sourness to food.
(Vinegar is obtained when sugarcane juice called molasses is converted to sugar).

3. (d) Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is present in citrus fruits and green leafy vegetables. (It is healthy to eat raw fruits and
vegetables, because vitamin C is destroyed during cooking).

4. (b) The natural indicator litmus is extracted from lichens.

5. (a) An ant (by biting) injects an acid into the skin.

6. (b)Organic matter releases acids which neutralises the basic nature of soil.

7. (a) A weak base like Mg(OH)2 is an antacid.

8. (a) Blue and red are the two kinds of litmus papers.

9. (d) Acids turn blue litmus to red while bases turn red litmus to blue.

10. (c) In the presence of acids, methyl orange indicator changes to red colour.

11. (d) In the presence of bases, methyl orange indicator changes to yellow colour.

12. (a) In acidic and neutral solutions, phenolphthalein undergoes no change i.e., it remains colourless.

13. (b) In the presence of bases, phenolphthalein changes to pink colour.

14. (b) Milk of magnesia contains magnesium hydroxide, i.e., a base. So, substance 'X' is a base.

15. (a) When an acid is slowly added to water, it releases tremendous amount of heat. Always acids are added to water
but not vice-versa.

16. (d) Oxalic acid is found in spinach. Hence, substance ‘Y’ is spinach.
17. (b) Na 2CO3 is the formula of washing soda.

18. (b) Acetic acid is used in the making of synthetic vinegar.

('Natural’ Vinegar is one of the byproducts formed in the process of sugar manufacture. It has acetic acid).

19. (a) Soap solution is basic in nature and turns colour less phenolphthalein pink.

20. (b) An indicator prepared from turmeric (Haldi) when added to a strong alkali solution changes its colour to brick
red.

21. (a) Chemical formula of Caustic potash is KOH.

22. (b) A base reacts with an acid to form salt and water. This reaction is called as neutralisation reaction.

23. (c) The base used in making antacids is magnesium hydroxide. (It is taken to neutralize stomach's acidity).

24. (a) In the given reaction, NaOH  HCl  NaCl  H2O, the salt is NaCl.

25. (a) The salt used in cooking is NaCl. (sodium chloride).

26. (a) When CO2 is passed through lime water, it turns milky due to the formation of CaCO3 .

27. (b) Chemically, baking soda is NaHCO3

28. (a) Citric acid is the weakest acid, because it is an organic acid which is found in citrus fruits.

29. (d) Caustic soda is the common name of NaOH (sodium hydroxide).

30. (C) The solutions which do not change their colour to either red or blue litmus are known as neutral solutions.

31. (a) Milk contains lactic acid.

32. (b) When a concentracted acid is dissolved in water, dilute acid is formed and heat is given out (exothermic reaction).
For this reason, it is dangerous to add water to acid. To dilute an acid, always add acid to water slowly with constant
stirring.
33. (b) Toothpastes contain bases.

34. (d) Bases which are soluble in water are called alkalis. But not ail bases are soluble in water. Therefore, all bases are
alkalies but all alkalies are not bases.

35. (b) Neutralisation is the reaction between an acid P and an alkali R to form salt and water. A neutral substance has
pH value of 7.

36. (b) Lemon juice contains citric acid that turns blue litmus red.

37. (c) It undergoes neutralisation to give calcium nitrate (a salt). The solution remains neutral. Calcium carbonate +
nitric acid  Calcium nitrate + water + carbon dioxide.

38. (b) Antacids contain a weak base, magnesium hydroxide. It is used to treat acidity in the stomach.

39. (a) Sodium hydroxide is a base and it reacts with hydrochloric acid to form sodium chloride (salt) and water. It is a
neutralization reaction.

40. (b) Ammonium hydroxide (NH4 OH) is the only commonly used base (alkali) which does not have a metal in its

molecule. Instead, it has ammonium (NH4 ) radical in it.