MEO CL2- GENERAL WRITTEN

(LAST 1 YEAR QUESTIONS)

Q. No. in
HATC Questions
APP
With reference to oil monitoring of bilge and tanker ballast discharges:
A. Describe with the aid of a sketch,the general arrangemements of an oil monitoring
1 system:
B. State the inputs that are recorded:
C. EXplain the difficulties encounteredwith the efficient operation of the oil monitoring.

You were asked to join a ship as second enginer, During briefing you were informed about
frequent boiler uptake fires happening onboard. Prepare a plan for to reduce boiler uptake
2 fires.
How will you monitor the progress of your plan and what instructions you will issue to the
watch kepers?

With respect to properties of fuel oil, explain the significance of the following ferms:
A. Calculated Carbon Aromaticity Inbox (CCAI).
3 B. Open flash point and Closed flash point.
C. The importance of Sodium to Vanadium Ratio.
D. Octane Number.

Describe with the aid of sketches where necessary a vane type steering gear showing how
the weight
4 of the rudder and stock are carried and the arrangement that allow for wear down.

Cast Iron is mostly used after steel in marine engines. most cast iron consists of graphite in
steel line matrix.
5 Discuss the variation of properities that may arise with reference to pearlistic grey cast iron
and spherical grey cast iron.
Describe briefly the treatment necessary to produce these two types of irons.

Sketch and describe the refrigeration system of a container carrying bananas only . How
does the controlled atmosphere of the
container extend the green life and shelf life of bananas? How is the air flow system
6 designed?

with reference to keyless propeller :

a. Sketch a section through a keyless sleeved propeller.
b. State the advantages of using a keyless sleeved propeller
7 c. state with reason, which metal sleeve should be made for contact with the forged mild
steel tail shaft?
d. State the material used to bond the sleeve to the propeller and the general thickness of
the bonding material.

With reference to boiler water tests carried out onboard . A. discuss the possible reasons
8 for the following change in boiler

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 MEO CL2- GENERAL WRITTEN
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water test results, and state what actions should be taken in each case;
1. Reduction in total dissolved solids and chemical reserves.
2.Reduction in phosphate reserve, with increase in chlorides and total dissolved solids;
3. Reduction in alkalinity reserve only.
4.Increase in oxygen levels only.
B. State why the complete results of boiler water tests are logged or enteredinto a data
retrieval system rather than a note being made
of any particular result which may be outside set limits.

A. With reference to fatigue of engineering components explain the influence of stress level
at cyclical frequency on expected operating life;
B. Explain the influence of material defects on the safe operating life of engineering
9 component;
C. State the factors which influence the possibilty of fatigue cracking of a bed plate
transverse girder and explain how the risk osf such cracking can
be minimized

With reference to the new standards ISO 8217-2017 dicuss the amendments made as
compare to its previous edition explained
10 the significance of the following
A. Pour Point, cloud point and filter clogging point.

Sketch and describe the operation of four ram electro-hydraulic steering gear system.
11 Indicate and explain the valve postion for
the operation of the system when one pump is isolated and unit operating two rams only.

A.Explain creep, brenelling fretting and fretting corrosion.

12 B. where and why does creep ,brenelling , fretting and fretting corrosion occur in a ship
propulsion system?

A. With reference to fatigue of engineering components explain the influence of stress level
at cyclical frequency on expected
operating life.
B.Explain the influence of material defects on the safe operating life of engineering
13 component;
C.State the factors which influence the possibility of fatigue cracking of a bed plate
transverse girder and explain how the risk of
such cracking can be minimized

Discuss the means by which corrosion of the following may be limited by manufacturers
and ships personnel reapectively
A.Internal and external surfaces of auxilliary steam lines ;
14 B..External surfaces of auxillary boilers;
c.Water boxes of sea water coolers and condensers;
D.Main sea water inlet pipes.

Sketch a sealling arrangement for an oil lubricated stern tube. Identify the common form of
15 sea failure ;

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 MEO CL2- GENERAL WRITTEN
(LAST 1 YEAR QUESTIONS)
State how oil loss due to seal failure can be restricted whist on passage?
what material is used for sealling ring and propeller shaft liner?

With respect to exhaust gas fired auxiliary boilers;

A. Describe the proccedure to be adopted for the inspection of aa safety valve fitted to an
exhust gaas boiler stating ,with
16 reasons, which parts should receive particularly close atteention
B. Describe the procedure for the setting of safety valves of exhaust gas fired auxillary
boilers;
C.Explain the action taken after the setting of safety valves as in (B).

Revers osmosis is the modern alternative for shipboard production of drinking water.
A.Describe using simple diagram if necessary, the priniciple of reverse osmosis
17 B.Sketch a line diagram showing a single pass system for producing fresh water from sea
water and describe such system.

With reference to gear pump used for lubricating oil transfer.

A. Sketch and describe a gear type pump indicating the flow of fluid.
18 B. State the materials that gear type pump components may be manufactured from.
C. Specify THREE applications that are suitable for the employment of gear type pump.

With reference to flue gas Inert gas system:

a. sketch and describe using a line diagram a typical Inst gas system used for linerting the
cargo tanks of oil tankers labelling
19 the important component parts.
b. State what oxygen content you would expect in the flue gasess if good commbustion is
achieved.

a. Detail the desriable properties of a refrigerant.

b. make a table and compare following refrigerants for use in a provision cooling plant for
20 50000 DWT oil tankar.
R-22, R-134a

As second engineer onboard a tanker , describe the procedure for presenting an auxiliary
21 boiller for survey by a clasification
society

With reference to vacuumm sewage system.

a. Sketch & Describe a vacuum system.
22 b. state the advantage of vaccum sewage system.
c. state the different causes of dropping vacuum.

with reference to refrigeration system onboard your vessel:

a. sketch and describe high pressure cut -out in a refrigeration system.
23 b. the refrigeration compressor has stopped due to operation of the h. p. cut explain.
1. The possible cause .
2. How these causes would be found and possible remedles.

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 MEO CL2- GENERAL WRITTEN
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c. What steps are taken if the compressor short-cycle on low pressure cut-out?

Reverse osmosis is the modern alternative for shipboard production od drinking warter .
A. Describe using simple diagrams if necessary the principle of reverse osmosis .
24 B. Sketch a line diagram showing a single pass system for producing freshwater from
seawater.
C. Describe such a system

With reference to tubular heat exchangers explain:

A. how and tubulence is imparted to fluid flow through the tubes :
B. what is meant by the term guided flow with particular reference to oil heaters:
25 C. how and where impingement attack is likely to occur in the tubes :
D. why it is desirable that coolant flow rate should not exceed that required to maintain
correct fluid temperature .

Explain why centrifugal pumps cannot handle air or vapors to effect priming yet turbo -
blowers operating on the same principle
can.
B. If vessel is fully laden , how may it be ascertained that the fire pump priming
arrangements would operate satisfactorily in the
26 ballast condition.

Describe the routine testing required for self contained breathing apparatus sets.
27 b. Describe the proocedure that should be adopted to find missing personnel in a smoke
filled accommodation area.

With reference to entry into enclosed spaces:

a. Describe the hazards that may be encountered :
28 b. state where guidance can be obtained.
c. sketch and describe an oxygen analyzer.

Compare the following methods of crack detection defining their advantages and
29 limitations:

30 Sketch the pump characteristics of a typical centrifugal pump.

What are the conditions required in the cylinders a marine diesal engine for good
31 combustion under normal working conditions
coonditions how the following may occur.

With respect to refrigeration gases used on board vessels answers the following.
a. Explain ozone depleting potential of conventional ref gases.
b. Name alternative refrigeration gases available and being used on board
32 c. Explain the steps you will take to ensure that release of refrigeration gases from the plant
is minimised during normal operation
and during maintenance activities.

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 MEO CL2- GENERAL WRITTEN
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33-34
You have recently joined a vessel as second engineer officer. for the past several voyages
it has been the practice on board to
dispense with the use of the exhaust gas boiler and leave it to run dry. as part of an overall
35 economy drive, company has
requested you to re-commission the boiler. state the checks to made to put boiler online
and the safety valve adjusted.

You were asked to join a ship as second engineer, During briefing you were informed about
frequent boiler uptake fires happening
36 onboard, Prepare a plan for to reduce boiler uptake fires. How will you monitor the progress
of your plan and what instructions you
will issue to the watch keepers?

A.Explain how analysis of used lubricating oil can be used as a "health-monitoring" tool for
diesel engines.
B. Describe how vibration measurementcan be used with a main engine turbo-charger:
37 i. For fault analysis;
ii. For condition monitoringwith respect to maintenance;
iii. As a substitute to openingup machinery for survey

With regards to main transmission shaftflange coupling arrangements:

A. Sketch a hollow type couplingbolt and the hydraulic head/nut and loading rod which are
used to fit it;
38 B. Describe how the bolt is fitted;
C. State the advantage of the hollowcoupling bolt as comparedto the traditional type of
coupling bolt.

39 Creep may be defined as slowplastic deformation of material under a constant stress.

Describe the importance of mainraining the qualityof lube oil in maintainingthe proper
health of marine diesel engineshighlighting the role of
A. Automatic back flushing filters.
40 B. Lube oil separators
C. Magnetic filters
D. Visual Inspection
E. Periodic laboratory tests.

Describe with a sketch a pneumatic relay and showhow feedback can be achieved when
41 such a realy isused in conjunction with
a flapper mechanism.

You have been appointed as the 2/E of an eight years old vessel, recently purchased by
youy shipping company, write a report
42 to the engineering suprintrndent covering the inspection of mai propulsion machinery
carries out by you to ensure itstrouble free operation.

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 MEO CL2- GENERAL WRITTEN
(LAST 1 YEAR QUESTIONS)

A. State why fixed pitch propellers have a poor efficiency when going astern.
B. With reference to controllable pitch propellers state:
i. Why is it preferable that the main servomotor be housed int he propeller hub rather than
43 in the shafting forward of the propeller shaft?
ii. What regular maintenance and checks should be carried out to ensure maximum
reliability of the gear at all times?
44 Repeated Sr. No 2 question
With reference to oil monitoring of bilge and tanker ballast discharges:
A. Describe with the aid of a sketch, the general arrangementsof an oilmonitoring system:
45 B. State the inputs that are recorded:
C. Explain the difficulties encountered with the efficient operation of the oilmonitoring.

Describe the imporatance of maintaining the quality of lube oil in maintaining the proper
health of marine diesesl engines
highlighting the role of
A. Automatic back flushing filters.
46 B.lube oil separators
C.Magenetic filters
D. visual Inspection
E. Periodic laboratory tests.

With respect to properties of fuel oil, explain the significance of the following terms:
A. Calculated carbo Aromaticity Index (CCAI).
47 B. Open flash point and closedflash point.
C. The importance of sodiumto Vanadium Ratio.
D. Octane Number.

With regards to lubricating oils on board answer the following

A. What is microbial degradation of lubricating oiland how is it prevented?
B. What methods are employed to ensure correct sampling for shore based testing
48 C. What direction will you take if the testing resultsshow abnormal values of water content
and TBN for the crankcase oil ofslow
speed main engine?

Sketch and describe a boiler water level controller of the float operated type state the
reasons for having this mechanism on the boiler and using this controller and boiler for
analogy.
Explain the following terms
A) Detecting element
B) Servomotor
49 C) Desired value

With respect to container ship

A. Sketch ship's indirectrefrigeration system arranged for cooling containers stored in
50 stacks in the hold;Describe the refrigeration
system sketched in (A), compare with containers with

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 MEO CL2- GENERAL WRITTEN
(LAST 1 YEAR QUESTIONS)
their own refrigeration self-contained units.

A. Describe the principle of coil- operated brake suitable for winches and other deck
machinery.
51 B. Explain with suitable sketches howthe windlass is relieved of strain when riding at
anchor.

A. Describe a transverse bowthrust unit using CPP, mention how it should be made to
supportand how the strength of thrust and
reverse thrust are achieved;
52 B. State with reasons, a suitable prime mover for the controllable pitch propeller;
C. State whether the thrust unit delivers arelatively lowpressure head with high volume
outputor high pressure head with low
volume output.

With reference to gear pumps used for lubricating oil transfer.

a. sketch and describe a gear type pump indicating the flow fluid.
b. state the materials that gear typ pump components may be manufactures from.
53 c. specify 3 applications that are suitable for the employment of gear types pumps.

With reference to hydraulic steering gear sketch & describe each of the following
A) single failure concept
54 B) 100 Per redundancy

A New vessel exhibits severe aft end vibration

a. As a second engineer officer , outline a procedure to investigate and identify the source
of vibration

55 b. Suggest possible remedies to obviate / reduce aft end vibrations.

Explain how the ingress of sea water is prevented in an oil lubricated stern bearing system.
If the system fail describe the corrective action possible whilst the vessel is afloat.
56 State why two bearing oil header tanks are fitted in some instance?

A. Explain the necessity of intercoolers on multistage compressor .

What attention is required to keep them in safe and in good working order ?

B. Sketch and describe , intercooler used for 2400 kpa compressor and state material used
What attention is needed before opening up for inspection ?

57 C. What faults are likely to develop in an air compressor and how are they remedied

With reference to the operation of two stage reciprocating air compressor explain the
following.
58

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 MEO CL2- GENERAL WRITTEN
(LAST 1 YEAR QUESTIONS)
a) Advantage of multistage compression
b) Significance of bumping clearance and adjustment thereof
c) Reason for reduction of compressor capacity
d) Reasons and effects of second stage suction valve leakage

a. List the destructive laboratory tests that may be carried out on specimens of the steel for
the ships plate ,
stating the reasons for these tests

b. The basic composition of two ships plate is given in the table Q4

One is an example of modern practice , whilst the other is specification of the older ship
that split in two due to brittle fracture .
59
State with reason, which of these steels would be resistant to brittle fracture

A. Explain the term variable injection timing (VIT) when applied to fuel pumps and state
why a change in timing of
fuel injection may be required;

B. Describe, with the aid of sketches a VIT fuel pump and explain how the change in
trimming is achieved whilst
pumps is in operation

C Explain how it may be determined that individual fuel pump are injecting the correct
quantity of fuel with correct
60 timing at particular pump setting.

Sketch and describe a fail safe steering gear suitable for use on tanker of more than
100000 T dwt .

Explain the sequence of events that take place when an oil leak takes place in one of the
61 hydraulic pipe lines

A rudder of a vessel requires extensive welding repairs and as Second Engineer you are
requested to supervise the repairs –

62 Suggest a suitable type of welding process

Describe how a main engine fuel pump would be set and checked for

a. Timing b. quantity

b. Explain how a setting of variable injection timing fuel pump is checked and adjusted

63 c. State why it be necessary to adjust the settings of a variable injection timed fuel pump

64 State with reason, how cracking in Each of the following location is caused , rectified and

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 MEO CL2- GENERAL WRITTEN
(LAST 1 YEAR QUESTIONS)
avoided

a. A frame
b. Bed plate longitudinal Girder
c. Bed plate transverse Girder

With reference to oily water separators:

a. Describe with aid of a sketch, the working of such a separator

65 b. Explain the consequences if the interfaces detector position is incorrect

Sketch and describe a boiler water level controller of float operated type.
State the reasons for having this mechanism on the boiler and using controller and boiler
for analogy explain the following terms

a. Detecting elements
b. Servomotor
66 c. Desired value

Damage has occurred to the the main engine valves and fuel supplied at a particular port
is suspected. The the owner's case,
however, in the subsequent dispute may be weak because the fuel was ordered specifying
only type and viscosity.

a) Apart from fuel specification, describe how you, as a second engineer should have
assisted owner's case when receiving suspected fuel.

b) Describe the ISO fuel standards that is to be used when ordering Bunker fuel.

c) Explain how the correct fuel standard is selected.

d) Suggest, with reasons, why particular mention should be made of certain elements that
67 might not be included in the fuel standard.

With reference to reciprocating air compressor why

q. Clearance volume is critical to efficiency.

q. Spring loaded plate valves are invariably used

q. Why is not an equal amount of work done in each stage

68 q. Intercooling is used between stages

a) Briefly explain the term fatigue and explain how fatigue failure occurs

b) State the difference between high stress / low cycle and low stress / high cycle fatigue
69 giving an example of each .

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 MEO CL2- GENERAL WRITTEN
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c) State how defect in metal can influence the expected safe life of a component

d) State how fuel injection timing and cylinder power balance can influence the possibility of
the fatigue cracks in the bed plate.

With reference to electro-hydraulic Steering gears;

Explain in terms of control parlance the function of Hunting Gear
Explain the consequences if the stand by pumping unit is motored.
State two methods employed to prevent the stand by hydraulic pump being motored by
70 operating unit

A. What are the possible reasons for the HP cut out in refrigeration Systems?

B. What are indications if air is present in the refrigeration system and how to remove the
air from the refrigeration system?

C. How unloader works in refrigeration systems?

D. What are the possible reasons for icing on evaporator coil ?

71 E. Why Compound gauges are fitted in refrigeration system.

72 Sketch a suitable pumping system labeling the component parts

A. Explain how water tightness of the door and frame mating surface is ensured with
hydrostatic pressure tending to force the face apart
B. Describe the means of closing the door
73 C. State the number of closing stations and position of each

Q1. Compare the destructive testing done on engineering materials with non –destructive
testing done on engineering components .

Q2. Briefly describe one destructive test and two non destructive rest to illustrate your
74 answer

a)Sketch a line diagram showing the layout and components of a hydraulic system with a
variable delivery, pressure compensated
pump and accumulator, suitable for the operation of deck machinery.

75 b)Describe the operation of the system sketched in (a)

a)Describe the preparation necessary before the application (in

the dry dock) of sophisticated or approved long life coating to
the underwater surface of the hull.
b)State the significance of the roughness profile.
76 c)List the different sophisticated coating which are available.

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 MEO CL2- GENERAL WRITTEN
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Describe with a sketch a pneumatic relay and show how feedback can be achieved when
such a relay is used in conjunction
77 with a flapper mechanism

Explain the action of each of the following metallurgical mechanism

1. Creep
2. Brinelling
3. Fretting
4. Fretting corrosion

State , with reasons , where each of the mechanisms in above may occur in ship
78 propulsion system

With respect to tankers, describe

A.How a pump room and cargo tanks are ventilated.
B.The main problem of carrying liquified gas.
79 C.How the boil off from liquified natural gas is handled?

80 Explain why correct fuel oil viscosity is necessary

COIL OPERATED BRAKES FOR DECK MACHINERY;

WITH RESPECT TO WINDLASS AND DECK MACHINERY-

a) DESCRIBE THE PRINCIPLE OF COIL OPERATED BRAKE SUITABLE FOR WINCHES
AND OTHER DECK MACHINERY.
b) EXPLAIN WITH SUITABLE SKETCHES HOW THE WINDLASS IS RELIEVED OF
81 STRAIN WHEN RIDING AN ANCHOR.

With reference to the fuel standards ISO 8217-2017 discuss the amendments made as
compared to its precision edition . Explain the significance of the following

a. Pour Point , cloud point and cold filter plugging point

b. Cat fines
c. Fatty acid methyl easter
82 d. Dissolved H2S in fuel

Wrt to energy efficient running of ships

a. Sketch and explain the optimization of propeller hull interface flow devices and
improvement of propulsion efficiency
83 b. Sketch and explain the optimization of auxiliary machinery using VFD.

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 MEO CL2- GENERAL WRITTEN
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