WHITE PAPER

Securing shared
workstations
against modern
cyber threats
Phishing-resistant MFA with exceptional UX
Contents
3 Shared workstations are low-hanging cyberattack targets
5 Common shared workstation scenarios and associated vulnerabilities
5 Shared kiosks
5 Mobile-restricted
6 Grab-and-go
6 Point-of-sale (POS)
7 Four critical authentication requirements across shared workstations
9 Drawbacks of legacy MFA
11 Securing shared workstations with phishing-resistant MFA
12 Industry use cases
12 Protect confidential personal and financial information in retail
banking call centers
12 Secure nurse workstations and tap-and-go devices in hospitals
12 Supporting retail POS with convenience and security
13 Summary
14 Sources

Yubico Securing Shared Workstations Against Modern Cyber Threats 2

 Shared workstations
are low-hanging
cyberattack targets
Organizations today face an evolving cyber threat landscape, involving elements such
as artificial intelligence and machine learning, and a range of threat vectors such as
phishing, SIM swaps, and Man-in-the-Middle (MiTM) attacks that continue to grow in
Data breach sophistication. Many of these approaches are virtually indistinguishable to the end user,
cost by industry1 leaving both them and their organizations highly exposed. Compromised credentials
continue to be the most common attack entry point—61% of data breaches can be
traced back to credentials in some way.2 Insecure practices around credentials, including
Healthcare the sanctioned and unsanctioned sharing of usernames and passwords, only compound
data breach risks for organizations.
$9.23M
Shared workstations—common across industries such as healthcare, manufacturing,
retail, hospitality, financial services, energy, utilities, oil and gas, and education—have
Financial services
environments with high employee shift rotations, seasonal employees, and high turnover,
$5.72M creating potential high security risks if strong protection measures aren’t in place. Shared
workstations amplify the insider threat, whether malicious or negligent, and present
additional security risks when used in high-traffic areas. Insecure shared workstation
Manufacturing
practices such as password sharing and the use of sticky-notes for passwords are
$4.99M common in shared workstation and shared device scenarios used by shift workers, and
an indication of systemic issues with authentication workflows that get in the way of
Energy essential tasks.

$4.65M

Education 61% $11.45M

$3.79M of data breaches traced back total average cost of
to credentials3 insider threats4
Retail
$3.27M

Hospitality 46% 82%

$3.03M
of employees share passwords of individuals reuse passwords
or accounts5 across accounts6

41%
rely on sticky notes
for password management7

Yubico Securing Shared Workstations Against Modern Cyber Threats 3

What is a shared workstation?
Shared workstations are devices that are used by multiple users, sometimes called
‘roving users’, with multiple people authenticating to the same workstation throughout
the day, such as call centers, or retail point-of-sale kiosks, just to name a few. Shared
workstations are commonly used in industries with staff who work different shifts,
rotating positions throughout the day, or in industries that have hourly, temporary or
seasonal workers.

Shared workstations, kiosks, and devices are critical to the day-to-day operations of
businesses in a wide cross-section of industries. These systems often have a direct link
to critical systems and data, including customer data, payment information, proprietary
information, manufacturing or assembly lines, and even protected health information.

The very nature of shared workstations make them low-hanging targets for cyber
criminals and insider attacks:

Has multiple Used in high

users traffic areas

Traditionally
Access to critical
prone to insecure
systems or data
security practices
Hardware-backed 2FA and MFA options
MFA access controls

May or may not be

managed by the
corporate entity

Shared workstations amplify risks associated with devices, user access, authentication,
or insider threats that lead to the theft or loss of credentials, mission critical data, or
intellectual property. If a shared workstation is unavailable due to a cyberattack, this
can lead to business downtime, and further repercussions related to revenue, brand
reputation, and regulatory compliance penalties.

Yubico Securing Shared Workstations Against Modern Cyber Threats 4

 Common shared
workstation scenarios and
associated vulnerabilities
Shared kiosks
Shared kiosk Shared kiosks are workstations providing a set of common applications shared
industries by many different users in front-of-house scenarios (restaurant, hotel, bank,
post office, retail), at the nurses’ station, or in manufacturing and logistics
Front-of-house at retail scenarios. Shared kiosks can be both stationary or even portable, as is the case
and hospitality with mobile workstations in healthcare.
Shared kiosks often support multiple users in a single shift, increasing the
Nursing station
prevalence of insecure practices around password sharing to cut down on
at hospital or clinic
logout/login time necessary to access shared resources. In healthcare, for
example, password sharing among healthcare professionals remains prevalent
Manufacturing or (73.6%), where individual access levels are the same.8
logistics station

Mobile-restricted
Mobile-restricted A mobile-restricted environment is an environment where mobile devices cannot
industries be used. These could be due to factors related to the environment itself, such as
air-gapped or isolated networks, hard environments, offline or offshore locations,
Call clean rooms or high-security sites. They could also be due to restrictions imposed
centers by regulations, unions, or where mobile devices are simply discouraged by
company policy. There may also be a subset of employees within an organization
Clean that do not wish to use personal mobile devices for work purposes, requiring a
rooms different authentication method.
Shared workstations and devices across mobile-restricted environments calls for
Airgap authentication that is highly secure, compliant to industry regulations, and simple
environments
to use, to drive user adoption.

High-security
sites

Industrial
(no connection, oil rigs, etc)

Yubico Securing Shared Workstations Against Modern Cyber Threats 5

 Grab-and-go
Grab-and-go A grab-and-go environment typically involves the use of a mobile cart of shared
industries devices that can be picked up and used on-premise or in remote locations, and can
be either a modern computing device such as a laptop, tablet or mobile phone, or
Police and even a device tied to a legacy system. The grab-and-go shared device is common
security workers in education and library settings, in law enforcement, and in healthcare. In each of
these environments, a user only needs the device for a limited period of time.
Healthcare Additionally, many industries have reacted to the post-pandemic realities of hybrid
and homecare work by offering more grab-and-go opportunities to support employees who may
have opted for fixed home configurations. Post-pandemic employees consider
Visiting grab-and-go devices and “hoteling” a workspace in-office as a flexible and
third parties attractive work option.9
As no user is tied to the device, it is important to have controls that grant access to
only those applications and services associated with the specific user credentials,
and to authenticate quickly and reliably to support productivity.

Point-of-sale (POS)
Point-of-sale These specialized workstations used for customer-facing financial transactions in
industries retail, grocery store, fast-food and restaurant industry, or wholesale environments,
can be used by employees or even by customers (self-service kiosks). In order to
optimize for the customer experience, special attention must be paid to speed and
Retail ease of authentication, avoiding potential account lockouts, and most importantly,
ensuring the security of customer and payment information.
Due to the high risk to financial data at the point-of-sale, these workstations are
Grocery highly regulated under PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard).
Card skimming is the most common risk with POS terminals, capturing data from
payment infrastructure, overlays, malware or compromised software, or wireless /
Wholesale NFC interception. The high rate of employee turnover and the nature of seasonal
work often create added pressure points around onboarding and offboarding
employee access to POS systems.
A growing area of concern in POS is the use of smartphones, tablets, or other
wireless devices in lieu of a standard POS terminal. By 2023, it is estimated that
1 in 4 POS transactions will be via mPOS (mobile point-of-sale), a process which
increases the risk of Man-in-The-Middle (MiTM) attacks and introduces other
mobile vulnerabilities.10

Yubico Securing Shared Workstations Against Modern Cyber Threats 6

 Four critical authentication
requirements across shared
workstations

“ MFA is critical, but not all

MFA methods are created
equal. Twitter used
application-based MFA,
which sent a request for
Security Efficiency Reliability Cost

authentication to an
employee’s smartphone. While considering authentication solutions for shared workstation environments, in
This is a common form of addition to how effective the solution is in protecting against external cyberattacks
MFA, but it can be and insider threats, organizations should also consider how the solution affects
circumvented. During the user productivity (account lockouts, log in times), how reliable the solution is across
Twitter Hack, the Hackers varied environments and use cases, external variables which may negatively impact
got past MFA by convincing performance, such as cell signal and batteries, and what the long-term total cost of
the Twitter employees to ownership is.
authenticate the Below are the four critical authentication requirements that organizations should
application-based MFA take into consideration for any shared workstation environment:
during the login. The most
secure form of MFA is a
physical security key, or Security
hardware MFA, involving a
USB key that is plugged How do you make sure the user logging into the device is the
into a computer to legitimate person?
authenticate users. This
type of hardware MFA How do you secure shared devices and internal assets with multiple rotating users,
would have stopped the making sure both the user accounts are secure and that the users are gaining
Hackers, and Twitter is now access to only the applications, services and data they should have access to?
implementing it in place of Admin accounts, or shared workstations with access to privileged
application-based MFA. information, should be protected with an authentication mechanism that is
–N
 ew York Department of impersonation-resistant.
Financial Services, Shared workstations should rely heavily on user permissions and access controls
Twitter Investigation (no shared, guest, or anonymous logins), and have restrictions that prevent
Report, October 2020 password saving. Administrator accounts should also be individual, not shared,
to support in-person or remote troubleshooting.

Yubico Securing Shared Workstations Against Modern Cyber Threats 7

 Efficiency
How do you make sure the user is able authenticate
quickly and seamlessly?

Any authentication mechanism adopted for shared workstations should provide

fast and easy authentication for employees, to avoid workflow disruption
Consider how much and unapproved workarounds. Currently, 54% of employees think two-factor
time is appropriate for authentication solutions such as OTP and push-codes disturb their day-to-
authentication and how day workflow.11 Further, 34% of employees have experienced an inability to
many times a user may access critical work-related information due to not having access to a phone or
have to authenticate authenticator app.12
during the course of a As mentioned earlier, not all forms of multi-factor authentication (MFA) offer the
shift or day. optimal balance of strong security with a fast and easy user experience that enables
high productivity. Some mobile authenticators may increase the number of steps
in the authentication process, requiring users to wait for OTP or push app codes,
or in case of pharmaceutical, healthcare and chemical organizations—to remove
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for the authentication process. Regardless
of the scenario, consider how much time is appropriate for authentication and
how many times a user may have to authenticate during the course of a shift
or day. Where efficiency requirements are high, consider a passwordless
authentication experience.

Reliability
How do you ensure consistent authentication that always
works, even in tough environments with varying degrees of
connection?

Authentication is a mission-critical service, and if employees can’t log into the

apps or portals they use, they can’t do their job. Any authentication solution has to
be reliable for every user and not rely on common points of failure in connectivity,
device battery, cell reception, or hard token battery. Authentication solutions should
also have capabilities such as NFC that are suitable for environments such as labs,
industrial manufacturing, clean rooms, and other types of environments with no
spark requirements.
Consider that any authentication solution that relies on “something you know”
(such as a password) is subject to human error—lost, forgotten, or mistyped details
that add friction to the authentication experience—potentially locking users out
of accounts. Mobile-based authentication solutions aren’t always reliable across
shared workstation environments where cell coverage is spotty or non-existent in
places such as offshore rigs, operations technology (OT) environments, and remote
geographic areas, or where users have to rely on device battery in the case of
mobile-based authentication.

Yubico Securing Shared Workstations Against Modern Cyber Threats 8

 Cost
How do you reduce the number of authentication-related
support tickets?

Any form of legacy authentication such as usernames and passwords, and

“
mobile authentication applied and enforced at scale, will require ongoing policy
The average company enforcement, user training and IT support. All forms of mobile-based authentication
loses $5.2 million annually such as SMS, OTP, and push notifications can create a huge support burden if
in productivity due to codes are delayed, users get locked out of their accounts, or users need to register
account lockouts new devices.
–P
 onemon Institute, 2019 Any time a user struggles with mobile authentication, they are not being productive.
State of Password and The faster a user can authenticate and do their job securely, or even perform a self-
Authentication Security service password reset if required, the better return on investment.
Behaviors Report

Drawbacks of legacy MFA

Low on security and reliability, high on cost and friction

Credentials remain one of the top targets for cyberattackers, and are connected
to 61% of data breaches.13 The average employee has to use and remember
191 passwords, contributing to complexity and user frustration.14 Currently, for
the average company, 60% of IT service desk interactions are related to password
resets.15 Aside from the IT cost, the average company loses $5.2 million annually
in productivity due to account lockouts.16
What is ongoing frustration with authentication most likely to lead to? Unsafe
security workarounds—even by the most educated users. In fact, 49% of IT security
professionals admit to password sharing.17 We know that shared workstations are
associated with higher rates of password sharing, password reuse across accounts,
or passwords being saved to the browser or application—practices which are never
safe, but amplify the risk in a shared workstation scenario.
However, it’s important to note that while any form of two factor (2FA) or MFA
offers more security than passwords alone, each still relies on passwords as the
first factor. Further, with legacy MFA, such as mobile-based MFA, the second factor
is tied to the mobile device. This is a red flag, because of three aspects: there is
no real guarantee that the private key ends up on a secure element on the mobile
device, the OTP code or private key could be intercepted in some way, and it is
impossible to ensure proof of possession; or in National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) terms—impossible to prove it is impersonation resistant.

Yubico Securing Shared Workstations Against Modern Cyber Threats 9

 Legacy mobile authentication is susceptible to modern cyberattacks including
phishing, brute force attack, Man-in-The-Middle (MiTM) attack, malware, and
FIDO2 hardware security
SIM swapping. Beyond security, legacy mobile authentication carries with it
keys offer multi-factor and many hidden costs associated with lost productivity, device costs, increased IT
passwordless authentication support, and friction in the user experience. In fact, 43% of organizations cite user
with high security and an experience as the top obstacle to using MFA.19 For additional details, read our
exceptional user experience. whitepaper: The Top 5 Mobile Authentication Misconceptions: Demystifying the
They also provide a portable myth versus reality of legacy MFA.
root of trust that is highly
Replacing legacy single-factor authentication (username and password) with
appropriate for shared phishing-resistant MFA, is the first step in improving security practices.
workstation environments.
Because ultimately the actions of the user are the biggest weakness in
legacy authentication, and multi-step authentication is a big contributor to
user dissatisfaction, the global best practice is moving toward passwordless
authentication—authentication that does not require the user to provide a
password at login.
Moving from legacy MFA to phishing-resistant MFA is a key step forward in
securing shared workstation environments. And the next step in modern MFA is
introducing passwordless authentication. A SMS OTP is one form of passwordless
authentication, but one considered weak from a security perspective. Traditional
smart cards are another form of passwordless that offer high security, but generally
require high Capex for smart card readers, cards, and backend management
platforms, and don’t offer the best user experience across modern devices such
as smartphones and tablets. Because of this, the industry is moving toward a
modern passwordless login flow leveraging FIDO2/WebAuthn.
FIDO (Fast IDentity Online) is a modern authentication standard that replaces
traditional username and password with strong two-factor, multi-factor, and
passwordless authentication. The FIDO standard was created by the FIDO
Alliance, an open industry association whose mission is to reduce the reliance on
passwords. FIDO2/WebAuthn is the most recent FIDO standard and uses public key
cryptography for high security, where the private keys never leave the authenticator.
FIDO2 hardware security keys offer multi-factor and passwordless authentication
with high security and an exceptional user experience. They also provide a portable
root of trust that is highly appropriate for shared workstation environments.

Yubico Securing Shared Workstations Against Modern Cyber Threats 10

 Securing shared
workstations with
phishing-resistant MFA
The YubiKey delivers strong defense against phishing,
portability, and an exceptional UX

Account takeover prevention rates

18

Google: How effective is Security key 0%

basic account hygiene at (YubiKey)
preventing hijacking
On device prompt 10%
(OTP push app)

Secondary email 21%

SMS code 24%

Phone number 50%

The YubiKey 5 Series
From left to right: YubiKey 5 NFC, YubiKey 5C NFC,
YubiKey 5Ci, YubiKey 5C, YubiKey 5 Nano and
YubiKey 5C Nano Yubico created the YubiKey, a hardware security key that offers phishing-resistant
security and exceptional user experience in a portable USB and nano form factor.
With the YubiKey, users can securely and easily authenticate to more than 700
applications and services across a variety of devices, with a simple tap or touch.
The YubiKey provides strong phishing-resistant two-factor, multi-factor, and
passwordless authentication at scale, with the hardware authenticator protecting
the private secrets on a secure element that cannot be easily exfiltrated. The
YubiKey is the only solution that is proven to stop 100% of account takeovers in
independent research.20

The YubiKey 5 FIPS Series The YubiKey uses modern authentication protocols such as FIDO U2F and FIDO2
From left to right: YubiKey 5 NFC FIPS, YubiKey 5C NFC open authentication standards to help eliminate phishing-driven credential attacks.
FIPS, YubiKey 5Ci FIPS, YubiKey 5C FIPS, YubiKey 5 YubiKeys also support SmartCard, OTP, and OpenPGP protocols, enabling the
Nano FIPS and YubiKey 5C Nano FIPS
use of a single security key across a variety of modern and legacy systems. The
versatile YubiKey requires no software installation, battery, or cellular connection,
making it ideal for shared workstation and mobile-restricted environments, including
isolated areas. Users can benefit from a frictionless authentication workflow—a
user plugs the YubiKey into a USB port and touches a button to authenticate, or
simply taps the YubiKey using NFC against a device (highly suited for no spark
environments).
YubiKeys also offer a bridge to passwordless authentication with support for
multiple authentication protocols. To further improve the user experience and
YubiKey Bio Series - FIDO Edition speed of authentication, Yubico also offers the YubiKey Bio Series—FIDO Edition
From left to right: YubiKey Bio - FIDO Edition, YubiKey supporting FIDO U2F and FIDO2, which delivers the hallmark security that all
C Bio - FIDO Edition YubiKeys are known for with a new biometric-based passwordless experience.

Yubico Securing Shared Workstations Against Modern Cyber Threats 11

 Industry Use Cases
 rotect confidential personal and financial
P
information in retail banking call centers
In 2019, Aite Group interviewed 25 executives at 18 of the top 40 largest U.S.
financial institutions, and found that 61% of fraud can be traced back to the contact
center.21 With high employee churn, seasonal peaks, and other challenging business
dynamics, call center shared workstation environments need a secure, yet simple
approach to verify agent identities before providing access to critical systems, and
PII data.
Financial services call centers can deploy YubiKeys to deliver stronger security that
can securely verify the identity of call center agents before they are given access to
PII and other sensitive data, or make any changes to a customer account, such as
raising a credit limit. In practice, the YubiKey has delivered a low TCO in call center
environments, eliminating the need for frequent password refreshes, eliminating
account lockouts and costly IT support, and streamlining employee productivity.
For additional details, read the white paper: Essentials for enabling strong
authentication in financial services call centers.

 ecure nurse workstations and tap-and-go

S
devices in hospitals
Healthcare organizations continue to be the top target for data theft, posing a
challenge for securing point-of-care access to shared workstations and tap-and-go
devices used for rounding.
While most hospitals have badge solutions for tap access to shared workstations
and devices, in cases where elevated access is required (for admin access
or for Electronic Prescriptions for Controlled Substances (EPCS) prescribing),
these systems still rely on second-factor authentication with passwords, mobile
authentication, or biometric data. In these scenarios, YubiKeys with a FIDO2-based
passwordless experience can provide step-up authentication with a tap/touch and
a PIN stored and verified locally on the key without the need of additional hardware
drivers as would be needed with smart cards.
For additional details on using the YubiKey for phishing-resistant MFA across
healthcare, read the white paper: Best practices for strong authentication in
healthcare using the YubiKey.

“
 ecure retail POS with convenience
S
Instead of YubiKey being a
highly recommended solution and security
for our clients, we’re moving
Retail Control Systems (RCS) markets and supports business management and
towards making it a required
point-of-sales (POS) systems to retailers and restaurants. Subject to increasingly
solution. We are building it
strict PCI (Payment Card Industry) compliance requirements, RCS sought a solution
into our hosting suite, and
that could be used internally by RCS to secure remote admin access to systems,
into our user fees.
but also externally to protect access to sensitive data.
– Retail Control Systems Today, RCS authenticates over 11,000+ user logins with YubiKeys in a typical
48-hour period, helping protect devices as well as specific users and shared-
user profiles.

Yubico Securing Shared Workstations Against Modern Cyber Threats 12

 Summary
The YubiKey is an extremely robust and reliable solution (IP68 certified), offering
high security and exceptional UX, replacing time-consuming and insecure second
The YubiKey offers factors with a consistent tap-and-go experience that not only supports the user
modern, phishing- experience, but also reduces IT support costs.
resistant MFA, and
To ensure strong security for your shared workstation environments, the YubiKey
enables a transition is uniquely designed to meet organizational and user needs, offering strong
to passwordless for a phishing resistance. It offers modern MFA capabilities, and even helps you make
better user experience the transition to eliminating passwords altogether for a better user experience and
and overall efficiency. overall efficiency. Stay ahead of the ever-evolving threat landscape with best-in-
class security that sets you up for success not only now, but also into the future.

Username Mobile-based
YubiKey
& password authenticators


Low, easily hacked Medium, 10-15% High,

AAL30% account
account takeover takeover rate23
Security rates22

Password fatigue, Users that can’t, Tap-and-go

account lockouts won’t, don’t use experience. 4x
mobile MFA faster to login
Efficiency
than OTP24

Prone to Reliant on device Robust build,

human error battery and cellular does not rely on
Reliability network. cellular network
Not suited to
mobile-restricted
environments

No up-front cost. $1,840 is the true Low cost

cost of enterprise compared to
High IT support
mobility per owned mobile MFA,
Cost cost.
device25 and 92%
High potential risk reduction
in support
tickets26

Yubico Securing Shared Workstations Against Modern Cyber Threats 13

Sources
1
. IBM, 2021 Cost of Data Breach Report, (Accessed September 14, 2021), https://www.ibm.com/security/data-breach
. IBM, 2021 Cost of Data Breach Report, (Accessed September 14, 2021), https://www.ibm.com/security/data-breach; Verizon, 2021 Data Breach
2

Investigations Report, (Accessed May 18, 2021), https://www.verizon.com/business/resources/reports/dbir/2021/masters-guide/

.V
3
 erizon, 2021 Data Breach Investigations Report, (Accessed May 18, 2021), https://www.verizon.com/business/resources/reports/dbir/2021/mas-
ters-guide/
. IBM, Cost of Insider Threats: Global Report 2020, (Accessed November 12, 2021), https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/LQZ4RONE
4

.  Keeper, 4 Rules for Safe Password Sharing in the Workplace (April 2021), https://www.keepersecurity.com/blog/2021/07/06/4-rules-for-safe-pass-
5

word-sharing-in-the-workplace/
. IBM, 2021 Cost of Data Breach Report, (Accessed September 14, 2021), https://www.ibm.com/security/data-breach
6

.P
7
 onemon Institute, 2020 State of Password and Authentication Security Behaviors Report, (February 2020), https://pages.yubico.com/2020-pass-
word-and-authentication-report
.P
8
 onemon Institute, 2020 State of Password and Authentication Security Behaviors Report, (February 2020), https://pages.yubico.com/2020-pass-
word-and-authentication-report; Ayal Hassidim, MD et. al., Prevalence of Sharing Access Credentials in Electronic Medical Records, Healthcare
Informatics Research, (July 2017), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5572521/
.S
9
 imon Constable, How Hot Desking Will Kill Your Company (June 20, 2019), https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonconstable/2019/06/20/how-hot-
desking-will-kill-your-company/?sh=16f55a8032e9; Jessica Dickler, Post-pandemic, the office will now have a whole new look, (July 12, 2021),
https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/12/post-pandemic-offices-have-a-new-look-as-employers-adopt-hoteling.html
10
.Juniper Research, POS & mPOS Terminals: Market Summary & Key Takeaways, (Accessed November 10, 2021), https://www.juniperresearch.com/
infographics/pos-mpos-terminals-market-summary-key-takeawa?ch=mpos; Charlie Osborne, PayPal, Square vulnerabilities impact mobile point-of-
sale machines (August 10, 2018), https://www.zdnet.com/article/paypal-square-vulnerabilities-impact-mobile-point-of-sale-machines/
11
.Ponemon Institute, 2020 State of Password and Authentication Security Behaviors Report, (February 2020), https://pages.yubico.com/2020-pass-
word-and-authentication-report; Ayal Hassidim, MD et. al., Prevalence of Sharing Access Credentials in Electronic Medical Records, Healthcare
Informatics Research, (July 2017), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5572521/
12
.Ponemon Institute, 2020 State of Password and Authentication Security Behaviors Report, (February 2020), https://pages.yubico.com/2020-pass-
word-and-authentication-report; Ayal Hassidim, MD et. al., Prevalence of Sharing Access Credentials in Electronic Medical Records, Healthcare
Informatics Research, (July 2017), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5572521/
13
.Verizon, 2021 Data Breach Investigations Report, (Accessed May 18, 2021), https://www.verizon.com/business/resources/reports/dbir/2021/mas-
ters-guide/
14
.Amber Steel, LastPass Reveals 8 Truths about Passwords in the New Password Exposé, (November 1, 2017), https://blog.lastpass.com/2017/11/
lastpass-reveals-8-truths-about-passwords-in-the-new-password-expose/
15
.Gartner, 3 Simple Ways IT Service Desks Should Handle Incidents and Requests, (Aug 2019)
16
.Ponemon Institute, 2019 State of Password and Authentication Security Behaviors Report, (Accessed September 14, 2021), https://pages.yubico.
com/2019-password-and-authentication-report
17
.Ponemon Institute, 2020 State of Password and Authentication Security Behaviors Report, (February 2020), https://pages.yubico.com/2020-pass-
word-and-authentication-report; Ayal Hassidim, MD et. al., Prevalence of Sharing Access Credentials in Electronic Medical Records, Healthcare
Informatics Research, (July 2017), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5572521/
18
.451 Research, 2021 Yubico and 451 Research Study, (April 2021), https://pages.yubico.com/work-from-home-policies-driving-mfa-adoption
19
.Kurt Thomas and Angelika Moscicki, New research: how effective is basic account hygiene at preventing hijacking, (May 17, 2019), https://security.
googleblog.com/2019/05/new-research-how-effective-is-basic.html
20
.Aite Group for PinDrop, 61% of Fraud Traced Back to the Contact Center, (Accessed November 15, 2021), https://www.pindrop.com/blog/61-of-
fraud-traced-back-to-the-contact-center/
21
.https://security.googleblog.com/2019/05/new-research-how-effective-is-basic.html
22
.Ibid.
23
.Ibid.
24
.Wander: Uncovering the true costs of enterprise mobility https://www.clevermobile.it/risorse/file/wandera/tcowhitepaper.pdf
25
.https://security.googleblog.com/2019/05/new-research-how-effective-is-basic.html

Yubico Securing Shared Workstations Against Modern Cyber Threats 14

About Yubico Yubico sets new global standards for simple and secure access to computers,
mobile devices, servers, and internet accounts.
The company’s core invention, the YubiKey, delivers strong hardware protection,
with a simple touch, across any number of IT systems and online services. The
YubiHSM, Yubico’s ultra-portable hardware security module, protects sensitive
data stored in servers.
Yubico is a leading contributor to the FIDO2, WebAuthn, and FIDO Universal 2nd
Factor open authentication standards, and the company’s technology is deployed
and loved by 9 of the top 10 internet brands and by millions of users in 160 countries.
Founded in 2007, Yubico is privately held, with offices in Sweden, UK, Germany,
USA, Australia, and Singapore. For more information: www.yubico.com.

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