Module 2

Republic of the Philippines
Province of Batangas
CITY OF TANAUAN
TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE
TANAUAN City of Colors
E-mail: tanauancitycollege@gmail.com Tel. No.: (043) 702 – 6979; (043) 706 – 6961; (03) 706 - 3934
Republic of the
Philippines Province of
Batangas CITY OF
TANAUAN
Program: BS Public Administration Topic: Defining The Self: Personal And Developmental
Perspectives On Self And Identity
Course: Understanding The Self Instructor: Danica O. Niega
Code GENE 01 Module #: 1 Week #: 1-2 # of Pages:
I. Preliminaries
Introduction to the The self is first and foremost the collection of beliefs that we hold about ourselves.
Module Objective What are our important characteristics? What are we good at? What we do poorly?
What kinds of situations do we prefer or avoid?
Assessment/
Section Topics Learning Outcomes Evaluation Modality
Section 1: Course 1. Identify the course intended 1. Group Activity  Module
Introduction learning outcomes 2. Lecture/  Google
2. Understand the course Discussion Classroom/Meet
Section 2: Self-Core requirements 3. Quiz
Competency: The Art of 3. Assess how acquainted the  Canva
Knowing One’s Self students are of themselves  Social media
4. Recognize the importance of platforms
understanding one’s self
II. Instructions
KEYWORDS AND CONCEPTS
 Self - totality of the individual, consisting of all characteristic attributes, conscious and unconscious, mental and
physical.
 Self-concept - the image that we have of ourselves.
 Self-image - the way we see ourselves.
 Self-esteem - the value we place upon ourselves.
 Ideal self - he person or self we would like to be. What you wish you were really like.
 Personality - individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that make a
person unique.
TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE TCCR-02/MODULE NUMBER1 LAUREL’S LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS
CITY OF TANAUAN
Lesson 2: Self-Core Competency: The Art of Knowing One’s Self

Lesson Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Identify the course intended learning outcomes
2. Understand the course requirements
3. Assess how acquainted the students are of themselves
4. Recognize the importance of understanding one’s self
SELF-CONCEPT
Who are you? What makes you “you?” You might answer with “I’m a daughter,” or, “I’m a student,” or maybe,
“I’m a believer,” “I’m a good friend,” “I’m a brother.” Maybe you answer with, “I am excellent at my studies,” “I’m
a skilled singer,” or “I’m a successful artist.” Other responses might fall into the category of traits: “I’m a kind-
hearted person,” “I’m intelligent and hard-working,” or “I’m laid-back and easy-going.”
According to Ackerman (2021), these responses come from your internal sense of who you are. This sense is
developed early in life, but it goes through constant evaluation and adjustment throughout the lifespan. This
sense of self has a specific term: self-concept.
 Self-concept is the image that we have of ourselves. It our personal knowledge of who we are,
encompassing all of our thoughts and feelings about ourselves physically, personally, and socially.
 Self-concept also includes our knowledge of how we behave, our capabilities, and our individual
characteristics. For example, beliefs such as "I am a good friend" or "I am a kind person" are part of an
overall self-concept.
 To be aware of oneself is to have a concept of oneself.
 Our self-concept develops most rapidly during early childhood and adolescence, but self-concept
continues to form and change over time as we learn more about ourselves. As you age and learn who
you are and what’s important to you, these self-perceptions become much more detailed and organized.
Self-concepts are rarely all positive or all negative; someone may have both positive and some negative
self-concepts in different domains.
Some examples of positive self-concepts include:
 A student sees herself as an intelligent person.

 A student views himself as a diligent and responsible person.
On the flip side, these people could have negative self-concepts like:
 A student sees herself as stupid and slow.

 A student views himself as lazy and irresponsible.
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We all have many of these mini or domain-specific self-concepts that encompass our self-concept. Some may
be more positive or negative than others, and each is an important piece of what makes us who we are.
COMPONENTS OF SELF CONCEPT

Carl Rogers, one of the founders of humanistic psychology, suggested that self-concept includes three
components.
1. SELF-IMAGE
 The way we see ourselves.
 Includes what we know about ourselves physically (e.g. brown hair, blue eyes, tall), our social roles
(e.g. wife, brother, gardener), and our personality traits (e.g. outgoing, serious, kind).
 Self-image doesn’t always match reality. Some individuals hold an inflated perception of one or more
of their characteristics. These inflated perceptions may be positive or negative, and an individual may
have a more positive view of certain aspects of the self and a more negative view of others.
2. SELF-ESTEEM
 The value we place upon ourselves.
 How much you like, accept, or value yourself, which can be impacted by a number of factors including
how others see you, how you think you compare to others, and your role in society.
 Individual levels of self-esteem are dependent on the way we evaluate ourselves.
When we compare ourselves to others and find that we are better at something than others and/or that people
respond favorably to what we do, our self-esteem in that area grows. On the other hand, when we compare
ourselves to others and find we’re not as successful in a given area and/or people respond negatively to what
we do, our self-esteem decreases. We can have high self-esteem in some areas ("I am a good student") while
simultaneously having negative self-esteem in others ("I am not well-liked").
3. IDEAL SELF
 The person or self we would like to be. What you wish you were really like.
 It is an idealized version of yourself created out of what you have learned from your life experiences, the
demands of society, and what you admire in your role models.
 A self-ideal is essentially an ideal future version of “you” that encompasses your personality, beliefs,
values, and behavior under various conditions.
 My ideal self is who I want to become…
 My ideal self is the best version of myself in every situation…
 The “ideal you” is, therefore “you”, however it is not the person you are today, but rather the person you
are striving to become tomorrow, next week, next month, next year, and so on.
A person’s ideal self may not be consistent with what actually happens in the life and experiences of the person.
Hence, a difference may exist between a person’s ideal self and actual experience. This is called incongruence.
This incongruity can negatively impact one’s self-esteem.
Where a person’s ideal self and actual experience are consistent or very similar, a state of congruence exists.
Rarely, if ever does a total state of congruence exist; all people experience a certain amount of incongruence.
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OTHER SELF-CONCEPT THEORIES
According to social psychologist Henri Tajfel's social identity theory, self-concept is composed of two key parts:
 Personal identity: The traits and other characteristics that make you unique.
 Social identity: Who you are based on your membership in social groups, such as sports teams,
religions, political parties, or social class.
Psychologist Bruce A. Bracken believed self-concept was multidimensional and could be broken down into six
independent traits:
 Academic: Your success or failure in school
 Affect: Your awareness of emotional states
 Competence: Your ability to meet basic needs
 Family: How well you work in your family unit
 Physical: How you feel about your looks, health, physical condition, and overall appearance
 Social: Your ability to interact with others
OTHER CONCEPTS RELATED TO “SELF”
 Self-awareness: involves being aware of different aspects of the self including traits, behaviors, and
feelings.
 Self-confidence: feeling of trust in own abilities, qualities, capacities, and judgment.
Self-efficacy: individual’s belief in his or her capacity to execute behaviors necessary to meet the challenges
ahead of us and complete a task successfully.
PERSONALITY
Personality is something that people tend to think a lot about. When we meet new people, whether through
work, school, or social events, it is often their personality on which we immediately focus. Whether they are nice,
helpful, outgoing, or shy are just a few of the things that we assess as we evaluate the people around us.
One effective way to understand ourselves is to know our personality. But what do we mean when we say
personality? And why is it necessary to know what type of personality we have for us to understand ourselves?
DEFINING PERSONALITY
 The word personality itself stems from the Latin word persona, which refers to a theatrical mask worn by
performers in order to either project different roles or disguise their identities.
 Personality refers to individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and
behaving that make a person unique. It is believed that personality arises from within the individual and
remains fairly consistent throughout life.
 Personality makes us who we are. It influences nearly every aspect of our lives including what we
choose to do for a living, how we interact with our families, and our choices of friends and romantic
partners.
PERSONALITY TRAITS
People have unique personalities that make them who they are. There are many different types of
personality traits, including some that are positive and some that are negative. Personality traits reflect people’s
characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
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Positive Personality Traits

 Drive, determination and persistence can help keep a student going no matter what.
 Courage and confidence can help a student choose to do what is right in tough situations.
 A student who is optimistic tends to look for the bright side of situations rather than forcing on the
negative.
Negative Personality Traits
 Being quick to anger will damage relationships and turn people away.
 Those who are unfriendly are often viewed as disrespectful and/or uninterested in connecting with other
people.
 Being full of laziness and excuses for failing to meet deadlines is sure to suffer consequences in the
end.
Why learn more about your personality?

 It answers the question of WHY: It can help you better understand yourself and other people. You can
understand why you think, feel, and act the way you do.
 It helps you figure out HOW: It can help you find better answers to questions like, “how can I be
happier”, “how do I find a career I’m passionate about”, “how can I better communicate with my friends
and classmates”, “how do I stay motivated?”, or “how can I make better decisions.”
 Personality + Situation = Behavior: Knowing your personality and reading about different
situations, you can start to predict your own behavior then you can change your behavior.
 It’s about YOU, and it’s also about THEM: It can tell you a lot about yourself and you will understand
better the people around you.
OTHER RELATED CONCEPTS
Character
 Objective. Represents who we actually are.
 Indicates the traits of a person which are hidden from sight. It includes traits that reveal themselves only
in specific – and often uncommon – circumstances, traits like honesty, virtue, and kindness.
 Expression of inner true traits of a person.
Attitude
 Standpoint or the opinion one has towards something. It represents an individual’s degree of likes or
dislikes for a particular thing, topic, person, place or situation.
 Behaviour or way of response or thinking in any particular situation of an individual shows the attitude. It
keeps changing according to the situation.
Behaviour
 What we do. What a person does.
 The way a person acts or reacts to other persons and their surroundings in general. It is about how a
person expresses himself or herself.
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 It is based on the situation and therefore changes a lot.
CONCLUSION
 Everyone has their own self-concept.

 Self-concept can be both positive and negative.
 Knowing one’s personality is essential in understanding the self.
 Everyone has unique personalities.
 Character, attitude, behaviour, and personality are different from each other.
To be aware of oneself is to have a concept of oneself.

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Republic of the Philippines

Lesson 2: Self-Core Competency: The Art of Knowing One’s Self

Some examples of positive self-concepts include:

 A student sees herself as an intelligent person.

 A student sees herself as stupid and slow.

COMPONENTS OF SELF CONCEPT

OTHER SELF-CONCEPT THEORIES

OTHER CONCEPTS RELATED TO “SELF”

Positive Personality Traits

Why learn more about your personality?

OTHER RELATED CONCEPTS

 It is based on the situation and therefore changes a lot.

 Everyone has their own self-concept.

To be aware of oneself is to have a concept of oneself.

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