Post

Post-Processor
Version 13.0
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Bentley and the "B" Bentley logo are either registered or unregistered trademarks or service
marks of Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All other marks are the property of their respective
owners.
Copyright Notice
Copyright © 2018, Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
SACS® Post-Processor Release 13.0

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1 OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................... 8
1.2 PROGRAM FEATURES .................................................................................................................... 8
1.2.1 Internal Load and Stress Sign Convention ............................................................................ 9
1.2.2 Redesign Procedure .............................................................................................................. 9
2 POST PROCESSING OPTIONS .............................................................................................................. 10
2.1 STRESS ANALYSIS CODE CHECK AND REDESIGN ......................................................................... 10
2.1.1 Element Check Code ........................................................................................................... 10
2.1.2 AISC/API Parameters ........................................................................................................... 11
2.1.3 DnV-RP-C201 Panel Code Check ......................................................................................... 11
2.1.4 Member Check Locations.................................................................................................... 12
2.1.5 Output Reports ................................................................................................................... 13
2.1.6 Selecting Joints, Groups and Members............................................................................... 14
2.1.7 Reporting Results by Unity Check Ratio .............................................................................. 14
2.1.8 Output Load Cases .............................................................................................................. 15
2.1.9 Allowable Stress/Material Factor........................................................................................ 15
2.1.10 Redesign Parameters .......................................................................................................... 16
2.1.11 Additional Redesign Parameters......................................................................................... 17
2.1.12 Disabling Redesign in Post .................................................................................................. 18
2.1.13 Hydrostatic Collapse Parameters ........................................................................................ 18
2.1.14 General Parameters ............................................................................................................ 18
2.1.15 API Parameters.................................................................................................................... 18
2.1.16 Redesign Data ..................................................................................................................... 18
2.1.17 Output Options ................................................................................................................... 19
2.1.18 Overriding Water Depth...................................................................................................... 19
2.1.19 Hydrostatic Head Data ........................................................................................................ 19
2.1.20 Hoop Stress Parameters...................................................................................................... 20
2.1.21 X-Brace and K-Brace Parameters ........................................................................................ 20
2.1.22 Defining Load Combinations ............................................................................................... 21
2.1.23 Displacement Serviceability Check ..................................................................................... 22
2.1.24 Hotspot SCF Extraction ....................................................................................................... 22
2.2 SOLUTION FILE UTILITY FEATURES .............................................................................................. 22
2.2.1 Overriding Properties and UC Parameters.......................................................................... 23
2.2.2 Overriding Section Properties ............................................................................................. 23
2.2.3 Overriding Group Data ........................................................................................................ 23
2.2.4 Overriding Member Data .................................................................................................... 23
2.2.5 Extracting Portions of a Solution File .................................................................................. 24
2.2.6 Post File Options ................................................................................................................. 24
2.2.7 Specifying Elements to be retained .................................................................................... 25
3 COMMENTARY ................................................................................................................................... 26
3.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................... 26
3.2 CALCULATING STRESS ................................................................................................................. 28
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3.2.1 Direct Axial, Bending and Shear Stress ............................................................................... 28
3.2.1.1 Tubular Sections .......................................................................................................... 28
3.2.1.2 Wide Flange Sections .................................................................................................. 29
3.2.1.3 Box Sections ................................................................................................................ 30
3.2.1.4 Prismatic Sections ....................................................................................................... 30
3.2.1.5 Angle Sections ............................................................................................................. 31
3.2.1.6 Tee Sections ................................................................................................................ 32
3.2.1.7 Conical Sections .......................................................................................................... 33
3.2.1.8 Ring and Longitudinal Stiffened Cylinders .................................................................. 33
3.2.2 Von Mises Stresses.............................................................................................................. 34
3.2.2.1 Wide Flange Sections .................................................................................................. 35
3.2.2.2 Box Sections ................................................................................................................ 36
3.2.2.3 Prismatic Sections ....................................................................................................... 37
3.2.3 Effective Bending Stress for NPD and NS Codes ................................................................. 38
3.2.4 Equivalent Uniform Bending Stress BS5950 ....................................................................... 38
3.2.5 Hydrostatic Stresses ............................................................................................................ 39
3.2.5.1 Tubular and Stringer-Stiffened Cylinders .................................................................... 39
3.2.5.2 Ring Stiffened Cylinders .............................................................................................. 39
3.3 DETERMINING ALLOWABLE STRESS/NOMINAL STRENGTH ........................................................ 39
3.3.1 API/AISC Allowable Working Stress .................................................................................... 40
3.3.1.1 Tubular Members........................................................................................................ 40
3.3.1.2 Non-Tubular Members................................................................................................ 41
3.3.1.3 Stiffened Cylinders ...................................................................................................... 43
3.3.2 API/AISC LRFD Nominal Strength ........................................................................................ 45
3.3.2.1 Tubular Members........................................................................................................ 45
3.3.3 NPD/NS3472E Characteristic Stresses ................................................................................ 48
3.3.4 British Standards Design Strength ...................................................................................... 50
3.3.5 AISC 13th Edition................................................................................................................. 51
3.3.5.1 Design for strength using Load and Resistance Factor Design ................................... 52
3.3.5.2 Design for strength using Allowable Strength Design................................................. 52
3.3.5.3 Second-order analysis by amplified first-order elastic analysis .................................. 52
3.3.5.4 Cm, Cb and the SPAN line ........................................................................................... 52
3.3.5.5 Use of SPAN line for AISC 13th Edition in SACS............................................................ 55
3.3.5.6 Member slenderness limitations ................................................................................ 55
3.3.5.7 AISC 13th Edition Nominal Strength for non-tubular members .................................. 56
3.3.6 Eurocode 3 .......................................................................................................................... 57
3.3.6.1 CODE input line. .......................................................................................................... 57
3.3.6.2 SPAN input line............................................................................................................ 58
3.3.6.3 Unbraced Length of Bottom Flange ............................................................................ 58
3.3.7 AISC 14th Edition................................................................................................................. 58
3.3.7.1 Differences between AISC 14th and AISC 13th ........................................................... 59
3.4 INTERACTION UNITY CHECK RATIO ............................................................................................. 60
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3.4.1 API/AISC Allowable Working Stress .................................................................................... 60
3.4.1.1 Tubular Members........................................................................................................ 60
3.4.1.2 Hydrostatic Collapse for Tubular Members ................................................................ 62
3.4.1.3 Conical Sections .......................................................................................................... 62
3.4.1.5 Stiffened Cylinders ...................................................................................................... 63
3.4.1.6 Plates ........................................................................................................................... 64
3.4.2 API/AISC LRFD ..................................................................................................................... 64
3.4.2.1 Tubular Members........................................................................................................ 65
3.4.2.3 Plates ........................................................................................................................... 66
3.4.3 NPD/NS3472E Interaction Equations .................................................................................. 66
3.4.3.1 Tubular Members........................................................................................................ 67
3.4.3.4 Plates ........................................................................................................................... 68
3.4.4 BS5950 Interaction Equations ............................................................................................. 68
3.4.5 Danish DS449/DS412 .......................................................................................................... 69
3.4.5.1 Combined Stress for all Cross Sections except Tubular Sections ................................ 69
3.4.5.2 Box and Wide Flange Sections .................................................................................... 70
3.4.5.3 Tubular Sections .......................................................................................................... 71
3.4.5.5 Interaction Equation ................................................................................................... 73
3.4.5.6 Local Buckling for Non-Tubular Cross Sections ........................................................... 73
3.4.5.7 Flange Buckling ........................................................................................................... 73
3.4.5.8 Web Buckling Due to Compression plus Bending ....................................................... 74
3.4.5.9 Web Buckling Under Shear ......................................................................................... 75
3.4.6 AISC 13th Edition .................................................................................................................. 75
3.5 VON MISES CODE CHECK FOR PLATES, SHELLS AND SOLIDS ...................................................... 76
3.5.1 Plate Element ...................................................................................................................... 76
3.5.1.1 Plate stresses notation ................................................................................................ 76
3.5.1.2 Plate stress calculations .............................................................................................. 77
3.5.1.3 Local and Overall Stability code checks for plated structures .................................... 78
3.5.2 Shell Element ...................................................................................................................... 78
3.5.2.1 Shell stresses notation ................................................................................................ 78
3.5.2.2 Shell stress Calculations .............................................................................................. 78
3.5.2.3 Local and Overall stability code checks for shell structures: ...................................... 79
3.5.3 Solid Element ...................................................................................................................... 79
3.5.3.1 Solid stresses notation reported ................................................................................. 79
3.5.3.2 Solid stress Calculations .............................................................................................. 79
3.5.4 Element von Mises Code Check for plates, shells and solids .............................................. 80
3.5.4.1 Code check for AISC 9th edition (UC option, ASD) ....................................................... 80
3.5.4.2 Code check for AISC 13th edition (AA option, ASD) ..................................................... 80
3.5.4.3 Code check for AISC 13th edition (AL option, LRFD) .................................................... 80
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3.5.4.4 Code check for Eurocode 3 1992E (EC option, LRFD) ................................................. 80
3.6 Eurocode 3-2005 ......................................................................................................................... 80
3.6.1 Main contents for the implementation .............................................................................. 80
3.6.2 OPTIONS input line:............................................................................................................. 81
3.6.3 CODE input line: .................................................................................................................. 81
3.6.4 SPAN input line: .................................................................................................................. 81
3.6.5 GRUP input line ................................................................................................................... 82
3.6.6 Example ............................................................................................................................... 82
3.7 CSA S16-09:2009 ......................................................................................................................... 83
3.7.2 OPTIONS input line.............................................................................................................. 83
3.7.3 CODE IS input line ............................................................................................................... 83
3.7.4 RFLRFD input line ............................................................................................................... 84
3.7.5 GRUP input line ................................................................................................................... 84
3.7.6 Example ............................................................................................................................... 85
3.8 ISO 19902 and ISO 19901-3 code check ..................................................................................... 86
3.8.2 CODE IS input line ............................................................................................................... 86
3.8.3 Resistance factors of non-tubular members ...................................................................... 86
3.9 Norsok Standard N-004 code ...................................................................................................... 87
3.10 Hotspot SCF Calculation .............................................................................................................. 87
3.10.1 Extrapolation Coordinate System ....................................................................................... 87
3.10.2 Average Joint Stress ............................................................................................................ 88
3.10.3 Extrapolation to Intersection Joint ..................................................................................... 90
3.10.4 SCF Calculation .................................................................................................................... 91
4 SAMPLE PROBLEMS ............................................................................................................................ 92
4.1 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1 ................................................................................................................... 92
4.2 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2 ................................................................................................................... 99
4.3 SAMPLE PROBLEM 3 ................................................................................................................. 102
5 OUTPUT REPORTS ............................................................................................................................ 104
5.1 REPORT DESCRIPTIONS ............................................................................................................. 104
5.1.1 Reaction Report ................................................................................................................ 104
5.1.2 Spring Forces and Moment Report ................................................................................... 104
5.1.3 Joint Deflection and Rotation Report ............................................................................... 104
5.1.4 Plate Stress Detail Report ................................................................................................. 104
5.1.5 Plate Stress Summary Report ........................................................................................... 104
5.1.6 Plate Stress Unity Check Range Summary ........................................................................ 105
5.1.7 Member Detail Report ...................................................................................................... 105
5.1.8 Member Forces and Moments Report ............................................................................. 105
5.1.9 Element Stress at Maximum Unity Check Report ............................................................. 105
5.1.10 Element Unity Check Report ............................................................................................. 106
5.1.11 Member Internal Loads Summary Report ........................................................................ 106
5.1.12 Member Unity Check Range Summary ............................................................................. 106
5.1.13 Member Group Summary ................................................................................................. 107
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5.1.14 Hotspot SCF Report ........................................................................................................... 107
5.1.15 Hotspot Plate Stress Detail Report ................................................................................... 107
6 INPUT LINES ...................................................................................................................................... 108

1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW
Post, a sub-program of SACS IV, is used to calculate element stresses, compare them to code allowables
and optionally redesign the elements. The program can also be used to modify element properties
and/or code check parameters and create an updated common solution file.
1.2 PROGRAM FEATURES

Post is completely compatible with the output files of the SACS system such that all dimensions,
geometry, internal loads, material properties, cross sectional properties, yield stress and allowable
stress factors necessary for post processing and design are obtained from the common solution file
without user intervention.
Post processing options and code check parameters may also be read directly from the common
solution file or may be specified in a separate Post input file. Some of the main features and capabilities
of the program are:
1. API, API-LRFD, AISC, AISC-LRFD, NPD, DnV, Eurocode 3, ISO19902, British Standards and Danish
codes are implemented.
2. Hydrostatic collapse of tubular members based on API-RP2A, ISO19902 or DNV requirements.
3. Complete element redesign capabilities based on constant depth or OD, minimum weight or
user input selection criteria.
4. API 2U and 2V bulletins.
5. Panel code check in accordance to DnV-RP-C201
6. Euler buckling check for segmented members.
7. Finite element code check and stiffener stress output.
8. Complete element property and code check parameter override capabilities.
9. Load case and output report selection capability.
10. Ability to specify load combinations for post processing.
11. Ability to create a new solution file from portions extracted from an existing solution file.
12. Ability to select joints, members and groups for output.
13. Provides summary report of all members requiring ring stiffeners due to hydrostatic collapse.
14. Contains Cb options when using AISC WSD code.

1.2.1 Internal Load and Stress Sign Convention
The sign convention used by the Post program module for reporting member internal loads and stresses
is dependent on the member local coordinate system as follows:
1. Axial tension is positive at both ends of the member while compression is negative at both ends.
2. Positive bending at both ends of the member causes the center of the member to deflect
downward or in the negative direction of the local coordinate system.
3. Positive shear force is in the direction of the positive local member coordinate at the beginning
of the member and in the negative local member coordinate at the end of the member.
4. A positive torsion vector is outward at both ends of the member.
The figure below shows positive loads and moments along with positive stresses at the member
beginning and end.
1.2.2 Redesign Procedure

The general procedure used by the program when redesigning is as follows:
1. The most critical member (i.e. member with highest UC ratio) in each group is selected. If the
unity check is greater than 1.0, the member is resized until it complies with the appropriate
code and the selected redesign options. If member size optimization is to be allowed and the
unity check is less than the unity check lower bound, the member size is reduced.
2. After the most critical member is redesigned, all other members of that group are checked with
the new size to ensure code compliance. If a unity check greater than 1.0 is found, the new
group size will be resized again and the procedure will continue.
3. For segmented members the segment with the largest Kl/r ratio is redesigned first. All other
segments are redesigned, if necessary, in order of decreasing Kl/r ratio. Before a member
segment is reduced in size, however, the Euler buckling limit for the entire member using the
new size is checked. All other members of the group are then checked for code compliance as
stated above.

2 POST PROCESSING OPTIONS
The Post program module can be used to perform a stress analysis code check, redesign elements,
modify element properties and code check parameters and create a new common solution file
containing a portion of the original solution file.
2.1 STRESS ANALYSIS CODE CHECK AND REDESIGN

Post processor options may be specified directly in the SACS model file or in a separate Post input file.
Post processor options specified in the model are included in the common solution file and are used as
defaults by the Post program. Data specified in a Post input file overrides data read from the common
solution file.
The following is a brief discussion of the post processing options used for stress analysis, code check and
redesign.
2.1.1 Element Check Code

The code that element stresses are to be checked with respect to is specified on the ‘OPTIONS’ line in
columns 25-26. The available codes and the corresponding option are below:
'4B' AISC 14th / API RP2A 22nd Edition
'AB' AISC 13th / API RP2A 22nd Edition
'UB' AISC 9th / API RP2A 22nd Edition
‘UC’ AISC 9th / API RP2A 21st Edition
'4A' AISC 14th / API RP2A 21st Edition
'AA' AISC 13th / API RP2A 21st Edition
‘19’ AISC 9th / API RP2A 19th Edition
‘16’ AISC 9th / API RP2A 16th Edition
'10' AISC 9th / API RP2A 10th Edition
'4L' AISC 14th / API RP2A LRFD 1st Edition
'AL' AISC 13th / API RP2A LRFD 1st Edition
‘LR’ AISC LRFD 1st / API RP2A LRFD 1st Edition
'L2' AISC LRFD 2nd / API RP2A LRFD 1st Edition
'L3' AISC LRFD 3rd / API RP2A LRFD 1st Edition
'LG' Linear Global Analysis
'EC' Eurocode 3:v1992 with NORSOK 2004 N-004
'E5' Eurocode 3:v2005 with NORSOK 2004 N-004

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'ET' Eurocode 3:v2005
'IS' ISO 19902 (2007) with Eurocode 3:v1992, v2005, AISC 13th, CSA S16-09 etc. (See SACS
manual and CODE line for details)
'NC' NORSOK 2013 N-004 with Eurocode 3:v2005
'NS' NORSOK 2004 N-004 with NS3472
‘NP’ 1995 NPD / NS 3472
‘DC’ 1994 Danish Code
‘D1’ 1984 Danish Code
‘BS’ 1990 British Standard BS5950
'CA' 1994/2001 Canadian code check
‘MS’ Maximum stress print with no code check
2.1.2 AISC/API Parameters

For AISC/API codes, additional parameters can be specified on the OPTIONS line.
By default the moment distribution factor Cb is taken as unity. Enter ‘B’ in column 33 to calculate the
distribution factor based on AISC criteria.
When using AISC/API codes, p-delta effects are accounted for in the interaction equation by magnifying
the moment in the bending component by 1/(1 - Fa / Fe). When including second order effects using a p-
delta analysis, however, this magnification may not be applicable. Enter ‘M’ in column 34 to exclude the
moment magnification in the interaction equation (i.e. set the term (1- Fa / Fe) to unity).
2.1.3 DnV-RP-C201 Panel Code Check

Column 35 of the OPTIONS line can be used for selecting code checks for stiffened or un-stiffened
panels. Enter “A” for API BULL 2V or “D” for DnV-RP-C201. Currently only DnV-RP-C201 2010 code of
practice is implemented.
The DnV-RP-C201 plate panel code could be used in accordance to either the LRFD or WSD standards by
specifying the appropriate code check options in column 25-26 of OPTIONS line.
Plate panels will be checked in accordance to WSD standard if the following options are selected in
columns 25-26 of the OPTIONS line,
'4B' For WSD AISC 14th/API RP2A 22nd Edition
'AB' For WSD AISC 13th/API RP2A 22nd Edition
'UB' For WSD AISC 9th / API RP2A 22nd Edition
“UC” For WSD AISC 9th / API RP 2A 21st edition
“4A” For WSD AISC 14th / API RP 2A 21st edition

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“AA” For WSD AISC 13th / API RP 2A 21st edition
Plate panels will be checked in accordance to LRFD standard if the following options are selected in
columns 25-26 of the OPTIONS line:
“4L” For LRFD AISC 14th / API RP 2A – LRFD 1st edition;
“AL” For LRFD AISC 13th / API RP 2A – LRFD 1st edition;
“LR” For LRFD AISC 1st edition / API RP 2A – LRFD 1st edition;
“L2” For LRFD AISC 2nd edition / API RP 2A – LRFD 1st edition;
“L3” For LRFD AISC 3rd edition / API RP 2A – LRFD 1st edition;
“EC” For Eurocode 3 (LRFD) with NORSOK 2004 N-004;
“NS” For NORSOK 2004 N-004 (LRFD) with NS3472;
“DC” For 1994 Danish Code (LRFD)
“D1” For 1984 Danish Code (LRFD)
“BS” For 1990 BS5950 Code (LRFD)
“CA” For 1994/2001 Canadian (LRFD) Code Check
The PCODE input line for DnV-RP-C201 code of practice may be used to input user defined parameters.
Currently all the options in this line are only applicable to DnV-RP-C201 code of practice. The PSTIF
input line can be used designate a stiffener to be checked as a plate girder in addition to the torsional
and column buckling lengths and also the stiffener yield stress value. The PGRUP line can be used to
define particular plate groups belonging to a panel by entering 'P' in column 6.
Note: All plates forming a panel should have the same unique plate group label.
2.1.4 Member Check Locations

The locations at which to check non-segmented and segmented members is specified on the ‘OPTIONS’
line in columns 29-30 and 31-32 respectively.
Note: The locations may also be specified for each member in columns 71-72 on the MEMBER line.
For non-segmented members, the number of equal length stress sections the member is to be divided
into should be stipulated. For segmented members, specify the number of pieces each segment of the
member is to be divided into. In either case, the member is checked at the beginning and end of each
stress segment.
In the following, segmented members are to have two code check segments while each segment of a
segmented group is to have one code check segment.
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Critical location option and member override
In general, a robust design should capture the critical stress location throughout the member.
Sometimes, however, the most stressed location can be missed if the number of stress locations is not
sufficient. For example, dividing a simply supported member with one concentrated load at 1/3 length
into 2 pieces will not get the largest stress point. To overcome this issue, SACS provides two options:
1. Enter "CO" at column 27-28 of OPTIONS line. With this option turned on, the program will
automatically divide all beam members (segmented and non-segmented) in the model into
sufficiently many pieces and do code check on the cross sections. An additional report "Element
Details at Critical Locations" will be output while the format and number of stress points in
"Member Detail Report" will not change. Note that user shall be aware of the fact that the
critical location seeking function will cost more computer resource and time.
2. Use MEMBER line override. User may specify the number of stress output points at column
71-72 of MEMBER line, which is the number of pieces the member is to be divided into for stress
calculation and code check and different from that specified on OPTIONS line. The maximum
allowed number is 20.
2.1.5 Output Reports

The desired output reports are designated on the ‘OPTIONS’ input line in columns 45-60.
Enter ‘PT’ in columns 45-46 and 59-60 for joint displacements and reactions, respectively.
The following element reports may be activated by entering ‘PT’ in the appropriate columns:
Columns 47-48 Unity Check ratios sorted by ranges
Columns 49-50 Stresses reported for the load case with highest UC ratio
Columns 51-52 Internal loads reported for load case with highest UC ratio
Columns 53-54 UC details for load case with highest UC ratio
Columns 55-56 Element details including stresses and UC ratio for each load case
Columns 57-58 Member forces and moments for each load case
Columns 67-68 Special element report for plate girders and stiffened sections
The following designates that joint reactions, stresses and internal loads for the load case with
maximum UC ratio are to be reported.
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Note: For member and plate reports, enter ‘PT’ in the appropriate columns. By default, all members are
reported unless ‘SK’ appears on the individual ‘MEMBER’ or ‘PLATE’ line. When ‘SE’ is specified for the
element detail report, only details of members or plates with ‘RP’ on the ‘MEMBER’ or ‘PLATE’ line are
reported.
2.1.6 Selecting Joints, Groups and Members

By default, all joints are included in joint displacement reports while all support joints are included in
joint reaction reports. For member reports, all members that are not designated to be skipped are
included.
When using a Post input file, joints, members and member groups may be designated to be included or
excluded from reports using the JNTSEL, MEMSEL and MGRPSL lines. For each line, enter ‘I’ or ‘E’ in
column 8 to include or exclude the specified joints or members.
The following designates that joints 304, 305 and 306 are to be included in the joint reports along with
members assigned to groups ‘LG1’ and ‘LG2’ in the element reports.
Note: For each selection line, only one operation may be performed (i.e. all joints specified on JNTSEL
lines may be included or excluded but not some included and some excluded).
2.1.7 Reporting Results by Unity Check Ratio

Elements with unity check ratios that fall within a defined range can be printed together as a report
group by selecting the ‘Unity Check Range’ report on the ‘OPTIONS’ line. Up to three report ranges may
be defined using the ‘UCPART’ input line.
For example, all elements with unity check ratio greater than 1.00 are to be reported in the first report,
elements with unity check ratio between 0.8 and 1.0 in the second and elements with unity check ratio
between 0.5 and 0.8 in the third report.
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2.1.8 Output Load Cases
The load cases for which output results are desired, are designated on the ‘LCSEL’ line. The LCSEL line
may be specified in the model file or the Post input file. Results only for load cases specified are
reported. If no ‘LCSEL’ line is specified, all load cases are reported.
When specifying in the model file or Seastate input file only load cases designated by the default
function or ‘ST’ in columns 7-8 are output. The following designates that results for only load case
‘OP01’ and ‘OP02’ are to be output for static analysis.
When specifying LCSEL in the Post input file, the load cases may be designated to be included or
excluded by specifying ‘IN’ or ‘EX’ in column 7-8, respectively. For example, the following designates that
load cases ‘ST01’ and ‘ST02’ are to be excluded.
Note: When the LCSEL line is specified in a Post input file, it overrides LCSEL information specified in the
model.
2.1.9 Allowable Stress/Material Factor

For API/AISC working stress analysis, the calculated allowable stresses for a load case (or load
combination) can be modified by specifying the load case name and the appropriate allowable stress
factor on the ‘AMOD’ line.
For NPD or Norsok analyses, the material factor used for all load cases is specified using the ‘AMOD’ line.
Enter the material factor and load case to which it applies.
The AMOD line may be specified in the model or Post input file. The following designates that the
allowable stress may be increased by a factor of 1.33 for load cases ‘ST01’ and ‘ST02’.
Note: The AMOD line requires a blank AMOD header line.
The Post program has the capability to redesign member groups to comply with the selected code
recommended practices automatically. If automatic redesign is desired, the parameters are designated
15

on the ‘REDESIGN’, ‘REDES2’, ‘REDES3’ and ‘REDES4’ input lines. Redesign parameters may be specified
in the model file or in the Post input file.
2.1.10 Redesign Parameters

General redesign parameters including the redesign size increments for tubular members are specified
on the ‘REDESIGN’ line specified in the model file or in the Post input file.
By default, non-tubular members are redesigned using sections available in the SACS model. The "SECT"
line section of the SACS model may be expanded to include additional cross section sizes available in the
redesign procedure.
Sections in a designated external section library file may be used for redesign, by specifying ‘FILE’ in
columns 11-14. Any of the SACS external library files may be designated. Existing library files may also be
amended or expanded by the user to include all cross section types needed for redesign.
Note: Tubular members defined by "SECT" lines are redesigned using only tubular "SECT" line data.
Specifying ‘INCR’ in columns 16-19 limits the group redesign to increasing member sizes only (no size
optimization), unless a redesign option is specified on the ‘GRUP’ line. The redesign criteria, ‘CONS’ for
constant depth or OD, ‘MINW’ for minimum weight, ‘MWFD’ for minimum weight with constant
diameter or depth or ‘USER’ for redesign using user ordered ‘SECTION’ lines, is designated in columns
21-24. After redesign, a new SACS model file including updated member groups can be created by
entering ‘NEWFL’ in columns 31-34.
Note: The redesign procedure for individual member groups can be specified by using the appropriate
code shown below on the ‘GRUP’ line.
‘E’ - constant OD/depth, allow decrease in size
‘F’ - constant ID/depth, allow decrease in size
‘G’ - minimum weight, allow decrease in size
‘J’ - constant OD/depth, increase size only
‘K’ - constant ID/depth, increase size only
‘L’ - minimum weight, increase size only
‘U’ - user defined procedure, allow decrease in size
‘X’ - no redesign
Redesign print options are entered in columns 36-39 and tubular redesign parameters are input in
columns 51-80, including the diameter increment in columns 51-55, thickness increment in columns 56-
60, maximum and minimum D/t ratios in columns 61-65 and 66-70, respectively, minimum thickness in
columns 71-75 and the maximum Kl/r for the major axis in columns 76-80.
Note: Redesign can be suppressed for a subsequent Post execution by specifying ‘NONE’ in columns 11-
14.
16

The following designates that member sizes are to be increased only based on minimum weight. A
critical member report is requested.
2.1.11 Additional Redesign Parameters

Additional redesign parameters may be stipulated using the ‘REDES2’, ‘REDES3’ and/or ‘REDES4’ lines.
The maximum Kl/r ration for the minor axis, the height and flange width increment and the web and
flange thickness increment are designated using the ‘REDES2’ line.
A table specifying D/t limits as a function of water depth may be input using ‘REDES3’ input lines. The
vertical coordinate, water depth and mudline elevation are designated in columns 7-20. The maximum
D/t ratio for up to five depths below the surface may be specified in columns 21-80. The values must be
entered in order of increasing depth.
The following designates a maximum Kl/r for minor axis of 160 and D/t ratios versus water depth on the
REDES3 line.
The ‘REDES4’ line is used to specify stiffener ring redesign parameters for hydrostatic collapse redesign.
Redesign procedures by API and J.T. Loh are available. Whether or not capped end forces are to be
included is designated in column 11 along with the hoop compression safety factor in columns 12-16,
ring cutoff diameter in columns 17-22 and the ring material density in columns 23-28. The ring design
parameters including the height increment, thickness increment and the ring type are specified in
columns 29-41. Cost parameters may be entered in columns 47-67.
The sample below indicates API procedure with no capped end forces is to be used. The ring diameter
cutoff is 48 inches. Cost parameters are also entered.
17

2.1.12 Disabling Redesign in Post
When redesign parameters are specified in the model file, redesign is automatically performed when
Post is executed. Redesign may be turned off by specifying a REDESIGN line in the Post input file and
designating ‘NONE’ in columns 11-14.
2.1.13 Hydrostatic Collapse Parameters

Hydrostatic collapse parameters are specified on the ‘HYDRO’ input line in the model file or in a Post
input file. Full hydrostatic check including actual member stresses due to axial forces, bending and hoop
stress can be performed by the Post program.
2.1.14 General Parameters

General parameters such as vertical coordinate and water density are specified in columns 7-8 and 51-
60, respectively.
Enter the code, either ‘AP’ for API, ‘DN’ for DNV, ‘NP’ for NPD or ‘DC’ for Danish code, in columns 9-10.
Specify the water depth and mudline elevations in columns 21-30 and 31-40, respectively.
Note: When specifying hydrostatic collapse data in the model file that includes Seastate data, the default
water depth and mudline elevation are the values specified on LDOPT line.
2.1.15 API Parameters

By default, API codes use an axial compression safety factor of 2.0. Enter the axial compression safety
factor override in columns 41-50.
Specify ‘I’ in column 20 if hydrostatic forces are to be included. Enter ‘R’ if these forces are to be used
but deleted from Euler buckling amplification.
The program system has options to include hydrostatic end forces when performing the member check
calculations activated by specifying either ‘I’ or ‘R’ in column 20 on the HYDRO line. The ‘I’ option is
applicable for the marine method and adds 0.5fh to the axial stress. The ‘R’ option is used for the
Rational method. When using the ‘R’ option the hydrostatic end forces are calculated and applied to the
element. Therefore 0.5fh is not used since the actual value is determined (per API). When using the ‘R’
option, the hydrostatic end forces are not included in the Euler buckling calculation.
2.1.16 Redesign Data

If members fail hydrostatic collapse, they can be redesigned automatically by increasing member
thickness or by using internal or external rings.
18

Enter the redesign option, ‘TH’ for change thickness, ‘RG’ for design rings or ‘RT’ for both, in columns 16-
17. Specify ‘NO’ for no redesign.
If rings are to be designed, enter ‘INT’ or ‘EXT’ in columns 11-13 for internal or external rings,
respectively. By default, the initial ring spacing is assumed to be the length of the member. Infinite
length may be used as initial spacing by specifying ‘IN’ in columns 16-17 on the HYDRO2 line. Ring height
increment and ring or member thickness increment are designated in columns 61-70 and 71-80,
respectively.
The sample below designates that internal rings are to be added if needed. The ring thickness increment
is 0.25.
2.1.17 Output Options

Specify ‘SM’ for summary report, ‘MN’ for minimum print or ‘FL’ for full report in columns 14-15. The
user may designate a unity check cutoff, so that only members with UC ratio above this value are
printed. Specify ‘UCL’ and the limit in columns 8-10 and 11-15, respectively, on the HYDRO2 line.
For example, the following requests a summary print containing only members with UC ratio greater
than 0.90.
2.1.18 Overriding Water Depth

By default, the water depth specified on the HYDRO line (or the LDOPT line if none is entered on the
HYDRO line) is used for each load case. The user may designate a water depth override to be used for
hydrostatic collapse calculations for a particular load case or load cases using the WDEPTH line.
Specify the load case name then the water depth for up to six load cases on each WDEPTH line. For
example, the following designates a water depth override of 55.0 for load cases ‘ST01’ and ‘ST02’.
2.1.19 Hydrostatic Head Data

By default, the hydrostatic head is determined based on the water depth specified on the HYDRO line
(or the LDOPT line if none is entered on the HYDRO line). For any load case, hydrostatic head may be
19

determined based on water depth and wave data input on the WHEAD line. Hydrostatic pressure is
determined according to API formulations.
Specify the load case name in columns 7-10 and water depth in columns 11-18. Enter the wave height
and wave length to be used in columns 19-26 and 27-34, respectively. For example, the following
designates a water depth override of 655.0, a wave height of 35.0 and a length of 512 for load cases
‘ST01’ and ‘ST02’.
2.1.20 Hoop Stress Parameters

By default, ring stiffeners are assumed to be spaced at intervals equal to the member length when
calculating the hoop buckling stress. The ring spacing default setting can be changed to infinite (i.e. no
rings) by inputting ‘IN’ in columns 16-17 on the HYDRO2 line.
The critical hoop buckling coefficient used to calculate hoop buckling stress assumes a 20 percent
reduction factor (=0.8). The reduction parameter may be overridden in columns 18-22 on the HYDRO2
line.
2.1.21 X-Brace and K-Brace Parameters

By default, the buckling length and K-factors specified on the GRUP and MEMBER lines in the model are
used for unity check calculations for each load case.
Members making up an X-brace or chord members of a K-brace not braced out of plane may be
designated as such using the BRACE line. The BRACE line allows designation of the K-factor and/or
buckling length to be used for load cases where the member is part of an X-brace or the chord of a K-
brace.
Note: The X-brace or K-brace parameters are only applied to the axis in the plane of the connection for
load cases where the member is in compression and the reference member(s) are in tension.
The brace type ‘X’ or ‘K’ is designated in column 15. The member local axis, ‘Y’ or ‘Z’, which lies in the
plane of the X-brace or K-brace is entered in column 16. Enter the reference member(s) that will be
checked for tension in columns 17-32. The K-factor and/or buckling length to be used for load cases
where the member is part of an X-brace or the chord of a K-brace is designated in columns 33-38 and
39-45, respectively.
Note: K-braces require two reference members while the second reference member is optional for X-
braces.
The following example defines parameters for members 101-109 and 105-109 which are chord
members of a K-brace whose local Y-axes lie in the brace plane. The diagonal or K-brace members are
20

109-110 and 109-112. For load cases where chord members 101-109 and 105-109 are in compression
and members 109-110 and 109-112 are in tension, a K-factor of 0.8 and a buckling length of 11.15 is to
be used. For other load cases, the K-factor and buckling length specified in the model file are to be used.
This example defines parameters for members 301-309 and 307-309 which are chord members of an X-
brace and members 303-309, 305-310 and 310-309 which make up the two brace elements framing into
the chord. The members local Y-axes lie in the plane of the brace. For members 301-309 and 307-309, a
K-factor of 0.9 and a buckling length of 8.71 is to be used for load cases where the member is in
compression and the other pair of members framing into the chord, 303-309 and 310-309, are in
tension. For members 303-309, 305-310 and 310-309, a K-factor of 0.9 and a buckling length of 8.55 is to
be used for load cases where the member is in compression and members 301-309 and 307-309 are in
tension. For other load cases, the K-factor and buckling length specified in the model file are to be used.
2.1.22 Defining Load Combinations

Load combinations made up of basic load cases or previously defined load combinations may be defined
within the Post input file using LCOMB lines. The load cases or combinations making up the load
combination along with the appropriate load factors to be applied are specified. The load combination
21

definition may be continued by repeating the LCOMB line with the combination number specified in
columns 7-10, so that up to forty eight load components may be specified.
Note: For PSI analysis, combinations may contain only load cases solved in the solution phase. Because
PSI analyses have nonlinear solutions, new load combinations should not be defined in the Post input file.
2.1.23 Displacement Serviceability Check

The SPAN command generates the maximum relative deflections along the length of any member or a
continuous set of members relative to the end joints. The SPAN command is only available in the Post-
processor. The SPAN line defines a span identifier in columns 6-13 and the joints which form a span.
With the default SPAN configuration, the SPAN command generates a report of the maximum relative
deflection along the span using a straight line between the deflected end joints as a reference. As an
option, the span may be defined as a cantilever by putting a ‘C’ in column 14. In this case the SPAN line
will report the difference between the maximum displaced positions of the joints and the displaced
position of the first joint in the span.
The following example creates a span named ‘TIEBEAM’ for joints 101, 102, 201 and 202 consecutively.
The POST output will report the difference between the joint displacements for the specified joints and
the straight-line displacement between joints 101 and 202.
Note: Moment discontinuities are allowed along the span. Moment releases (simple supports) are
allowed at the joints of the continuous span but force releases are not allowed.
2.1.24 Hotspot SCF Extraction

Extrapolation lines for hotspot SCF extraction can be defined using the SCFLC, SCFNS, SCFEX and PLTAVG
lines. The axial, in-plane bending and out-of-plane bending load conditions are entered on the SCFLC
line. The hotspot nominal stresses are entered on the SCFNS line. SCFEX line defines the extrapolation
joints and their distances from the hotspot. And the plates to be included for calculating the average
joint stress at the extrapolation joints are entered on the PLTAVG line.
2.2 SOLUTION FILE UTILITY FEATURES

The Post program may be used to perform certain solution file utilities. Beam element properties and
code check parameters may be overridden and new stress and UC results calculated using the Post
program. The program can also be used to extract results from a solution file for a portion of the original
structure. In either case, a new common solution file containing stress and code check results can be
created.
The following sections detail additional Post input that may be specified when using the solution file
utility features of Post.
Note: When using Post to perform solution file utilities, all post data must be specified in a Post input file.
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2.2.1 Overriding Properties and UC Parameters
Post can be used to override an element’s properties and/or code unity check parameters found in the
solution file so that code check results reflecting these changes may be calculated. New stress and code
check results are determined using the existing member internal loads contained in the common
solution file. A new solution file containing the appropriate property updates, recalculated stress and
code check results is created.
Note: Structural displacements, reactions and member internal forces contained in the solution file are
not changed. Only the resulting stresses and/or code check results are recalculated.
In addition to Post input outlined in SECTION 2.1, the following data may be specified in the Post input
file.
Note: The redesign features should not be used when solution file data is being overridden.
2.2.2 Overriding Section Properties

Section properties are overridden by specifying a ‘SECT’ line for the appropriate section label in the Post
input file. The ‘SECT’ line must contain all section dimension data required for the section type, including
dimensions that are not being modified.
Note: New sections referenced by GRUP lines in the Post input file may be added.
2.2.3 Overriding Group Data

Group properties and code check parameters may be modified by specifying a ‘GRUP’ line for the
appropriate group label in the Post input file. Because the whole ‘GRUP’ line is replaced, every item
pertinent to stress and code check calculations must be specified, in addition to any properties that are
being modified.
Items that may be modified and therefore must be specified on the group line include:
1. Section label 2. Redesign code
3. Tubular OD and wall thickness 4. Yield Stress
5. Post processing member class 6. K-factors
7. WF compression flange spacing 8. Shear area modifier
9. Stiffener spacing
Note: New groups that are referenced by MEMBER lines in the Post input file may be added. Also, section
properties referenced by groups that are not in the section library file must be specified in the Post input
file.
2.2.4 Overriding Member Data

Member properties and code check parameters may be modified by specifying a ‘MEMBER’ line in the
Post input file for the appropriate member. Because the whole ‘MEMBER’ line is replaced, every item
23

pertinent to stress and code check calculations must be specified, in addition to any properties that are
being modified.
Items that may be modified and therefore must be specified on the ‘MEMBER’ line include:
1. Group label 2. Redesign code
3. Number of unity check parts 4. Yield Stress
5. Stress output option 6. K-factors
7. Compression flange unbraced length 8. Shear area modifier
2.2.5 Extracting Portions of a Solution File

The Post program can be used to extract results for elements designated by the input ‘GRUP’ and/or
‘MEMBER’ lines. Only results for specified elements are retained in the new solution file.
2.2.6 Post File Options

The PSTOPT line is used to specify the post processing options used when creating a new common
solution file. The extraction mode should be designated by entering ‘EXT’ in columns 8-10 so that results
only for elements designated by ensuing ‘GRUP’ and/or ‘MEMBER’ lines are retained in the new solution
file.
Note: If all elements are to be retained in the new solution file, the modification mode option ‘MOD’
should be specified. For modification mode, the PSTOPT line is optional.
Additional program options may be specified in columns 12-46 on the PSTOPT line. If an updated
solution file is to be created and no other post processing is to be done, the ‘NOX’ option should be
selected. Report options including input echo ‘ECH’, member override report including modified
properties ‘MOR’ and the option to skip modified member properties report ‘NPT’ may be selected. The
‘NLB’ option should be selected if no local buckling analysis is to be performed. For elements without
axial offsets, brace stresses can be backed to the chord face by selecting the ‘AJT’ option.
The no sort option, ‘NST’, should be specified if the group and member data is in the same order as the
model file.
The following designates Post options. A new solution file is to be extracted with no post processing
performed. The no sort option is selected.
Note: In general, the member ‘GRUP’ and ‘MEMBER’ lines designated should appear in the exact order as
they appear in the original model file. In this case, the ‘NST’ option should be specified also.
24

2.2.7 Specifying Elements to be retained
The elements to be retained in the new solution file are designated by specifying the appropriate ‘GRUP’
and ‘MEMBER’ input lines in the Post input file. All other post input lines are applicable and should
appear in the Post input file before any ‘GRUP’ and/or ‘MEMBER’ lines.
When specifying ‘GRUP’ and ‘MEMBER’ lines, they should appear in the exact order that they appear in
the original SACS model file. Also, every item pertinent to stress and code check calculations must be
specified on the input lines.
25

3 COMMENTARY
The Post program calculates stresses and unity check ratios and performs member redesign according to
API, API-LRFD, AISC, AISC-LRFD, NPD, British Standards and Danish codes. The following commentary
sections outline the theory and formulas used by the program.
3.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

The following terms and definitions pertain to the variables used in the member stress, allowable stress
and unity check calculations.
A Total cross-sectional area
Af Area of compression flange
As Tubular shear area (total axial area times the shear area modifier–normally 0.5
for maximum shear stress)
Asy , Asz Prismatic member y and z shear areas
b Flange width or width of non-tubular section
Cw Warping constant for cross section
D Diameter of tubular member
D Depth of non-tubular section
D1 Diameter of largest inscribed circle in wide flange cross section at flange/web

junction
E Modulus of elasticity
Fa , Fas Allowable axial compressive stress
fa Axial stress
Fb , Fby , Fbx Allowable bending stress (about designated axis)
fb Resultant bending stress
fb′ Localized bending stress in a conical section
fby , fbz Bending stress about the local y or z axis
fbzt Flange bending stress about local z axis due to torsion
Fd Design stress
Fe′ Euler buckling stress
fh Hoop stress due to hydrostatic pressure
fh′ Hoop stress caused by unbalanced radial line load in a conical section
26

Frc , Fre Elastic and inelastic buckling stress for external pressure
Ft Allowable tensile stress
Fv , Fvt Allowable shear and allowable torsional shear stress
fv , fvt Resultant shear stress due to shear and due to torsion
fvy , fvz Shear stress about the local y or z axis
fvyb Shear stress in flange from bending due to torsion
fvyt , fvzt Shear stress in flange and web due to pure torsion
Fy Yield stress
Fyr Reduced effective yield stress
G Shear modulus
H Flange centerline distance ( h = d − tf ) for stress calculation; Web height minus

flange distance ( h = d − 2tf ) for allowable stress calculation
Iy , Iz Area moment of inertia about local y or z axis
Iyz Product of inertia for asymmetrical (angle) cross section
J Polar moment of inertia (torsional constant) of cross section
Ky , Kz Effective length factor for buckling about the designated axis
l Actual unbraced length of the member
lb Distance between cross sections braced against twist or lateral displacement of

compression flange
Mx Moment about the local x axis, torsion
My Moment about the local y axis, bending
Mz Moment about the local z axis, bending
P Axial force, tension or compression
R Radius of a tubular member
R Governing radius of gyration
rT Radius of gyration of a section comprising the compression flange plus one third
of the compression web area, taken about the axis in the plane of the web
S Elastic section modulus
T Wall thickness of a tubular member
27

tf Flange thickness
tf′ Maximum thickness of flange
tw Web thickness
tw′ Maximum thickness of web
ty , tz Sidewall thickness of box section
Txy , Txz Von Mises shear stress component
Tmax Maximum von Mises shear stress
Vy Shear force in the local y direction
Vz Shear force in the local z direction
Z Plastic section modulus
Α Angle between resultant bending and shear in tubulars; Angle of principal axes
for angle sections; One half of the projected apex angle in cones
δk DNV column buckling stress
δkb DNV column buckling stress for wide flange or box
δvm Von Mises equivalent stress
δx Direct von Mises stress component
λk Slenderness ratio (Kl/r)
λk′ Reduced slenderness ratio
3.2 CALCULATING STRESS

3.2.1 Direct Axial, Bending and Shear Stress
3.2.1.1 Tubular Sections
The stress calculations for tubular members are as follows:
Shear stress due to resultant shear and due to torsion are determined as follows:
For maximum shear stress, the shear stress due to the shear force resultant is added to the torsional
shear such that:
28

3.2.1.2 Wide Flange Sections
The stresses for wide flange sections (compact or non-compact) are calculated as follows:
If the section is subject to torsion, the torsional stresses below are added to the preceding stress
calculations.
Bending of the flange about z axis due to torsion:
Shear stress in flange due to bending of flange:
Shear stress in the flange and the web due to pure torsion:
where
29

Note: For flanged members, torsion is assumed to be induced by frame action rather than concentrated
loads. With the boundary conditions for the member assumed to be fixed, this is not a valid assumption
for the case of torsion applied to a member. Therefore, when torsion is to be applied to a member, a joint
should be added at the point of application and the torsion applied to the joint.
3.2.1.3 Box Sections

The stress calculations for box sections are similar to the wide flange calculations except that the shear
stress due to torsion does not contain warping stresses.
The total shear in the y direction is taken as the sum of the fvy and fvyt and the total shear in the z
direction is taken as the sum of fvz and fvzt.
3.2.1.4 Prismatic Sections

Prismatic sections are used when the standard cross sections are not applicable. In addition to the
dimensions, all structural properties, including shear area, are input by the user. The stresses are
calculated as follows:
30

Note: Prismatic sections use shear areas input on the cross section details. The area for shear stress is
0.8 of the input shear area assuming a rectangular cross section with parabolic shear stress distribution.
3.2.1.5 Angle Sections

SACS uses properties about the member principal axes for stiffness calculations for angle sections.
Normally, the cross-section local axes are axes of symmetry and are therefore the principal axes. For
angles, however, the input axes are not principal axes. Therefore, the inertia properties calculated about
the input (local) axes must be transformed to the principal axes by the program using the following:
The shear areas about the principal axes are used in member stiffness and stress calculations and are
taken as:
where the Iμ and Qμ are with respect to the μ principal axes.
Bending stress and Euler buckling stress are calculated with respect to the principal axes. The effective
buckling length factors, Ky and Kz , are input with respect to the local coordinates. The program
transforms the input K-factors into the principal axis system to obtain the factors to be used in the Euler
buckling calculations:
31

where
The shear stress at any point is calculated with respect to the local coordinate system using the
following equation:
Where
Tensile and compressive stresses are evaluated at points 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 shown in the above right figure.
Shear stresses are determined at the points of maximum shear stress in each leg. These points are
located automatically for each load case.
Note: Although principal axes are used in stiffness, bending stress and Euler buckling calculations, the
output results are reported with respect to the local coordinate system.
3.2.1.6 Tee Sections

The stresses for tee sections are calculated as follows:
32

where Qy1 and Qz1 are defined as:
If the section is subjected to torsion, torsional stresses are added to the shear stress calculations.
3.2.1.7 Conical Sections

In general, members containing conical transitions are input as segmented members. The nominal axial
and bending stresses in the cone section segment are calculated based on the stresses in the adjoining
tubular sections as follows:
where α is one half of the projected apex angle of the cone.
Cone sections are also subject to unbalanced radial forces due to longitudinal axial and bending loads
and to localized buckling stresses caused by the discontinuity in angle. This localized bending stress is
determined by
where tc is the cone thickness, fa and fb are the acting stresses in the cylinder section and te is the cone
thickness when calculating stress in the cone and cylinder thickness when calculating cylinder stress.
The hoop stress caused by unbalanced radial line load is determined by
3.2.1.8 Ring and Longitudinal Stiffened Cylinders

The axial stress, fa, for unstiffened or ring stiffened cylinders is taken as
33

For cylinders with longitudinal stiffeners, the axial stress is calculated from
where Ns and As are the number of stiffeners and the cross section area of the stiffener. In the
calculation of Qa , b is the stringer spacing and be is the effective width of the shell.
The bending stress for unstiffened or ring stiffened cylinders is determined from
and for longitudinally stiffened cylinders is given by
3.2.2 Von Mises Stresses

Some codes supported by the Post program require the calculation of von Mises stresses at various
points around the cross section. The general von Mises equation is as follows:
For beam theory δy = δz = Tyz = 0. Therefore
The following sections address the calculation of von Mises stress for various cross section and element
types.
Tubular Sections
When required, the von Mises stress δvm is determined for tubular sections at two points, the point of
maximum direct stress and the point of maximum shear stress. With tubular cross sections completely
symmetrical, simplifications are made when calculating the von Mises stress. The von Mises stress at the
point of maximum direct stress is determined from
where the direct stress δx is represented by
34

The von Mises stress at the point of maximum shear is given by
where the shear stress Tmax is calculated using the following:
3.2.2.1 Wide Flange Sections

For codes requiring calculation of von Mises stresses, von Mises stress is calculated at seven points
around the cross section.
The von Mises stress components at points 1, 2, 3 and 4 are
The components for points 5 and 6 are
where the shear stress due to transverse bending along the z axis is
35

For point 7, the components are taken as
3.2.2.2 Box Sections

For codes requiring calculation of von Mises stresses, von Mises stress is calculated at eight points
around the box cross section as shown in the figure.
The von Mises stress components at points 1, 2, 3 and 4 are
where the shear due to transverse loading is
The components of the von Mises stress for points 5 and 6 are
where the shear due to transverse loading along the y axis is
For points 7 and 8, the components are taken as
36

where the shear due to transverse loading along the z axis is
3.2.2.3 Prismatic Sections

When required, von Mises stress is calculated at nine points for prismatic cross sections.
For points 1, 2, 3 and 4, the stress components used to compute the von Mises stress are as follows:
At points 5 and 6, the following should be used to determine the von Mises stress:
where the shear due to transverse loading along the y axis and torsion are
For points 7 and 8, the von Mises stress components are
where the shear due to transverse loading along the z axis and due to torsion are
37

For point 9 the von Mises stress components are
where the shear due to transverse loading along the y axis, fvy , is as given for points 5 and 6, and the
shear due transverse loading along the z axis, fvz , is as given for points 7 and 8.
3.2.3 Effective Bending Stress for NPD and NS Codes

NPD and Norwegian Standards codes require the determination of the effective bending stress in the
member. The effective bending stress is taken as
where M is the effective moment taken from formula (1) below when the moment at the center, M0 ,
and the maximum end moment, M , have the same sign and from formula (2) below when M0 and M
have opposite signs.
(1)
(2)
In these equations, m = 0.6 + 0.4β, where β is the absolute value of the end moment ratio ( |β| ≤ 1.0 ).
3.2.4 Equivalent Uniform Bending Stress BS5950

BS5950 code requires the determination of the equivalent uniform bending stress in the member. The
uniform bending stress is taken as
where M is the equivalent uniform moment, MA is the maximum end moment and m is the equivalent
moment factor. The factor m for members with equal flanges not loaded between lateral restraints and
not subject to destabilizing loads is taken as
where β is the ratio of the smaller end moment over the larger end moment. For all other members, m
is taken as 1.0.
38

3.2.5 Hydrostatic Stresses
3.2.5.1 Tubular and Stringer-Stiffened Cylinders
Hoop stress due to hydrostatic pressure, fh , for unstiffened tubular or stringer-stiffened cylinder
sections is taken as
where p is the hydrostatic pressure, p = γHz . The design head, Hz , is taken as the distance below the
water depth value input on the WDEPTH line and γ is the density of seawater.
3.2.5.2 Ring Stiffened Cylinders

For ring stiffened cylinders, the hoop stress in the shell midway between rings or in the ring stiffeners is
given by
where Kθ when calculating stress in the shell is taken as
where Lr is the spacing between rings and ε and ψ are given by
where Ar is the area of the ring, Rr is the radius to the centroid of the ring, k is Nφ / Nθ , where Nφ is
defined as P / (2πR) + M / (πR2) and Nθ is p R , and
Kθ is taken as follows when calculating the hoop stress in the ring stiffener:
3.3 DETERMINING ALLOWABLE STRESS/NOMINAL STRENGTH

Unlike the applied stress calculation which is code independent, determining the allowable stress (for
working stress design) or nominal strength (for LRFD) is dependent upon the code selected on the
OPTIONS line.
39

3.3.1 API/AISC Allowable Working Stress
For any of the API working stress code check options, the API RP2A and AISC Manual of Steel
Construction ASD codes are used to calculate the allowable stresses for tubular and non-tubular
members, respectively. For each load case, the allowable stresses calculated per the code
recommendations are factored by the allowable stress modifier specified for that load case.
Note: Stiffened cylinder allowable stresses may be optionally calculated based on API Bulletin 2U
‘Stability Design of Cylindrical Shells’ recommendations.
3.3.1.1 Tubular Members

Allowable stresses for tubular members may be determined based on API-RP2A WSD 20th or 16th
editions. The following table references the appropriate formula number used to determine allowable
stresses. Any deviations from the code recommendations are noted.
Stress Type API RP2A WSD 20th API RP2A 16th
Axial Tension: 3.2.1-1 see non-tubulars
Axial Compression:
Column Buckling 3.2.2-1 and 2 see non-tubulars
Local Buckling 3.2.2-3 and 4 2.5.2-2 and 3
Bending: 3.2.3-1a, b and c 2.5.2-5
Shear: see non-tubulars
Beam 3.2.4-2
Torsional 3.2.4-4
Buckling:
Euler see non-tubulars see non-tubulars
Elastic Hoop 3.2.5-4 N/A
40

Stress Type API RP2A WSD 20th API RP2A 16th
Critical Hoop 3.2.5-6 N/A
3.3.1.2 Non-Tubular Members

For any of the API/AISC code check options, allowable stresses for non-tubular members are determined
based on the AISC Manual of Steel Construction Allowable Stress Design 9th edition.
The following table references the appropriate formula number used to determine allowable stresses.
Any deviations from the code recommendations are noted.
Stress Type Section Type Condition Formula
Axial Tension: All Ft = 0.6 Fy
Axial Compression: All b / t ≤ NCL E2-1 and E2-2
Angle* b / t > NCL AB5-1, 2 AB5-11, 12
Tee* b / t > NCL AB5-3, 4, 5, 6 AB5-11, 12
Box* b / t > NCL AB5-7 AB5-10, 11, 12
Channel* b / t > NCL AB5-3, 4 AB5-11, 12
All other* b / t > NCL AB5-3, 4 AB5-11, 12
Shear: All F4-1, F4-2
Euler Buckling: All
Major Axis Bending WF Lb < Lc b / t ≤ CL F1-1
WF Lb < Lc CL < b / t ≤ NCL F1-3
41

WF Lb > Lc b / t ≤ NCL F1-6, F1-7, F1-8
WF* b / t > NCL AB5-3, 4 Section AB5.2d
Channel F1-8
Channel* b / t > NCL AB5-3, 4 Section AB5.2d
Angle/Tee/Pl Girder F1-5
Angle* b / t > NCL AB5-1, 2 Section AB5.2d
Tee* b / t > NCL AB5-3, 4, 5, 6 Sec. AB5.2d
Pl Girder* h / tw > NCL G2-1
Pl Girder* b / t > NCL AB5-3, 4 Section AB5.2d
Box b / t ≤ CL F3-1
Box CL < b / t ≤ NCL F3-3
Box* b / t > NCL AB5-7 Section AB5.2d
Minor Axis Bending Compact WF F2-1
Compact Box F3-1
Box* b / t > NCL AB5-7 Section AB5.2d
All others F2-2
Note: ‘NCL’ is the non-compact limit and ‘CL’ is the compact limit as specified in Table B5.1.
Note: ‘*’ specifies that these formulas are required in addition to any other applicable formulas for that
section type.
42

Note: The only difference between WF and PLG sections is in the shear allowable for API/AISC when h / tw
> 380 / sqrt( Fy ) (formula F4-2). For WF Kv = 5.34 whereas Kv is calculated for plate girders. If no stiffeners
are defined on the PLG, the member length is used as the spacing defined by a.
3.3.1.3 Stiffened Cylinders

The predicted shell buckling stresses for stiffened cylinders may be optionally calculated based on API
Bulletin 2U recommendations.
The following table references the appropriate formula number used to determine predicted buckling
stresses. Any deviations from the bulletin recommendations are noted with a number superscript.
Condition Stress Type Bulletin Formula
Local Buckling of Axial Compression/Bending
Unstiffened or Elastic Buckling 4-2
Ring Stiffened Cylinders Inelastic Buckling 4-6, 4-7
External Pressure
Elastic Buckling 4-8¹
Inelastic Buckling 4-10¹
Failure pressure 4-12
General Instability of Axial Compression/Bending
Ring Stiffened Cylinders Elastic Buckling 4-13
Inelastic Buckling 4-15
External Pressure
43

Local Buckling of Axial Compression/Bending
Stringer Stiffened Cylinders Elastic Buckling 4-22
External Pressure
Bay Instability Based on Axial Compression/Bending
Orthotropic Shell Theory Elastic Buckling 4-22
External Pressure
Column Buckling Elastic 8-1
Inelastic 8-2
Shell Buckling for Tension + Bending + Hoop 6-1, 6-2
44

Combined Loads Compression + Bending + Hoop 6-3²
General Instability Based on Axial Compression/Bending
Orthotropic Shell Theory Elastic Buckling 4-36
External Pressure
¹Note: When calculating the predicted buckling stress for external pressure, only Fre , for the elastic, or Frc
, for the inelastic condition, are used.
²Note: In equation 6-3, Nφ / Nθ is determined by setting Fφcj = k Fθcj .
3.3.2 API/AISC LRFD Nominal Strength

For the LRFD code check option, the API RP2A LRFD and AISC Manual of Steel Construction LRFD codes
are used to calculate the nominal strength of tubular and non-tubular members, respectively.

Nominal strength for tubular members is determined based on API-RP2A LRFD 1st edition.
The following table references the appropriate formulas used to determine the nominal strength of
tubular members. The strength values calculated are factored by the appropriate resistance factor to
obtain the design strength.
Stress Type API RP2A LRFD Formula
Axial Tension: Ft = Fy
Bending: D.2.3-2a, D.2.3-2b, D.2.3-2c
45

Stress Type API RP2A LRFD Formula
Axial Compression:
Column Buckling D.2.2-2a and D.2.2-2b
Elastic Local Buckling D.2.2-3
Inelastic Local Buckling D.2.2-4a and D.2.2-4b
Shear:
Beam D.2.4-2
Torsional D.2.4-4
Buckling:
Euler D.2.2-2c
Elastic Hoop N/A
Critical Hoop N/A

For any of the API/AISC LRFD code check option, nominal strength for non-tubular members are
determined based on the nominal loads calculated per the AISC Manual of Steel Construction LRFD 1st
edition.
The following table references the appropriate formula used to determine nominal strength. The
strength values obtained from the formulas are factored by the appropriate resistance factor to obtain
the design strength. Any deviations from the code recommendations are noted.
46

Axial Tension: All Ft = Fy
Shear: All F2-1, F2-2, F2-3
Buckling: Angle/Tee b / t > λr AE3-7
Channel b / t > λr AE3-6
All other E2-3
Axial Compression: All b / t ≤ λr E2-2 and E2-3
Angle* b / t > λr AB5-1, 2 AE3-2, 3
Tee* b / t > λr AB5-3, 4, 5, 6 AE3-2, 3
Box* b / t > λr AB5-7 AB5-11, 13
Channel* b / t > λr AB5-3, 4 AE3-2, 3
All other* b / t > λr AB5-3, 4 AB5-11, 13
Major Axis Bending WF/Pl Girder/Box λ ≤ λp AF1-1
WF/Pl Girder/Channel/Box λp < λ ≤ λr AF1-2, AF1-3
Tee λ ≤ λr F1-15
Prismatic λ ≤ λr AF1-3
WF/Pl Girder/Channel/Box λ > λr AF1-4
WF/Pl Girder* b / tf > λr AB5-3, AB5-4
Prismatic λ > λr AF1-4
47

Angle λ ≤ λr Fb = Fy
Angle* b / t > λr AB5-1, AB5-2
Tee* b / tf > λr AB5-3, AB5-4, AB5-5, AB5-6
Box* b / t > λr AB5-7, AB5-9
Pl Girder* h / tw > λr AG2-1, AG2-2
Minor Axis Bending WF/Pl Girder/Channel/Box λ ≤ λp AF1-1
WF/Pl Girder/Channel λp < λ ≤ λ r AF1-3
Box λp < λ ≤ λ r AF1-2, AF1-3
WF/Pl Girder/Channel/Box λ > λr AF1-4
Box* b / t > λr AB5-7, AB5-9
Tee λ ≤ λp AF1-1
Tee λp < λ ≤ λ r AF1-2¹, AF1-3²
Tee λ > λr AF1-4
*Note: * denotes that these formulas are required in addition to any other applicable formula(s) for that
section type.
¹Note: The limit state for lateral torsional buckling of a tee for minor axis bending is assumed to be the
same as a solid bar.
²Note: The limit state for flange local buckling of a tee section bent about the minor axis is taken as the
same as a wide flange section.
3.3.3 NPD/NS3472E Characteristic Stresses

For the NPD code check options, the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate and Norwegian Standards codes
are used to calculate the characteristic stresses for tubular and non-tubular members, respectively.
48

The following table references the appropriate formula used to determine characteristic and design
stresses.
Stress Type NPD 1995 Section/Formula
Axial/Bending Stress 3.2.2.1
Euler Buckling 3.4.6.1
Stability 3.4.7
Von Mises Stress 3.1.2
Characteristic Buckling Stress see non-tubulars
Characteristic Local Buckling Stress 3.4.4.1, 3.4.6.1, 3.4.9.2
Design Strength Fd = Fy / γm

The characteristic and design stresses for non-tubular members are determined based on NS3472E code
guidelines.
The following table references the appropriate sections and formulas used to determine characteristic
and design stresses.
Stress Type Section Type Formula/Section
Design Strength: All Fd = Fy / γm
Buckling Stress: All A5.4.11,2
Moment Capacity:
Major Axis All except WF and Box 5.4.1
WF and Box 5.4.1, 5.5.2.1³, A5.5.2
49

Minor Axis All 5.4.1
¹Note: Determining the buckling stress for angles requires the use of the Modified ECCS Method detailed
in Appendix Section A5.4.1.
²Note: When the modulus of elasticity, E , for a member is specified as that of aluminum, the buckling
stress is calculated using α = 0.49 regardless of section type.
³Note: Plastic design method is not considered.
3.3.4 British Standards Design Strength

For the British Standards code check option, the British Standards BS5950 code is used to calculate the
capacity and design strength for tubular and non-tubular members.
The following table references the appropriate formulas used to determine the characteristic capacities
and design stresses.
Tension All 4.6.1
Compression All 4.7.4, Appendix C.1, C.2
Euler Buckling All non-segmented Appendix C.1
Segmented Appendix C.1¹
Design Strength All py = Fy
Slender Tube* Table 7
WF/Box/Channel*, Slender Flange Table 7
WF/Box/Channel*, Slender Web Table 8
Slender Angle/Tee* Table 7, 8
Shear WF/Channel Major Axis 4.2.3(a)
50

WF/Channel Minor Axis 4.2.3(c)
Box 4.2.3(b)
Tubular 4.2.3(e)
All others 4.2.3(f)
Shear Buckling WF/Channel/Box/Tee d / t > 63ε Appendix H.1
Moment Capacity All Fv ≤ 0.6 Pv 4.2.5
All Fv > 0.6 Pv 4.2.6
Lateral Torsional Buckling All B.2.1, 2, 3, 4
Segmented* B.3
¹Note: λeff is calculated for each section based on the overall buckling load determined iteratively from
the ‘Method of Successive Approximations’. λeff replaces λ in all calculations.
*Note: * denotes that these formulas are required in addition to any other applicable formula(s) for that
section type.
3.3.5 AISC 13th Edition

The AISC 13th Edition (based upon AISC 2005 Specifications) provides code check options corresponding
to both ASD and LRFD design. If option ‘AA’ is selected in columns 25-26 on OPTIONS line, this will
activate code check by ASD method of AISC 13th Edition for non-tubular members and WSD method of
API RP 2A 21st edition for tubular members. If option “AL” is selected then this will activate code check
by LRFD method of AISC 13th Edition for non-tubular members and LRFD method of API RP 2A-LRFD 1st
edition for tubular members.
Currently the following sections are supported by AISC 13th Edition, wide flange (WF) and plate girder
(PLG), channel (CHL) and box (BOX), tee (TEE) and stiffener tee, angle (ANG), prismatic (PRI) and
unsymmetrical wide flange (PGU), Rectangular HSS (RTB) and double web plate girder (PGD). Sections
are checked for compactness, depending on the width to thickness ratio of flanges and the web, for
compression and flexure according to the limits specified in Table B4.1 of AISC 13th Edition.
51

3.3.5.1 Design for strength using Load and Resistance Factor Design
In using LRFD design method, nominal loads are factored by appropriate load factors specified by the
applicable code, and combined to obtain factored loads, which determine the required strength of the
elements of the structure. The appropriate load combination and the factors to be used have to be
chosen in accordance to section B2 for AISC 13th Edition and/or section C of API RP 2A-LRFD where
applicable.
A uniform resistance factor of 0.9 for tension, compression, bending, shear and torsion is used by the
POST module for non-tubular sections unless noted otherwise. The resistance factors for non-tubular
sections cannot be altered.
3.3.5.2 Design for strength using Allowable Strength Design

For ASD design, the loads and load combinations should be as stipulated by the applicable code and
should conform to section B2 for AISC 13th Edition and/or section 2 of API RP 2A-WSD 21st edition where
applicable.
A uniform safety factor of 1.67 for tension, compression, bending, shear and torsion is used by the POST
module for non-tubular sections unless noted otherwise. The safety factors cannot be altered
individually. The module allows the use of user defined allowable stress modifiers through the use of the
AMOD input lines.
3.3.5.3 Second-order analysis by amplified first-order elastic analysis

AISC 13th Edition code of practice considers two kinds of second order effects in accordance to section
C2.1b as follows.
1. Second order P-δ effect caused by loads acting on the deflected shape of a member between joints
or nodes will be automatically considered in POST program. Factor B1 from equation C2-2 is used to
account for P-δ effects.
2. Second order P-Δ effect caused by loads acting on the displaced location of joints or nodes in a
structure will not automatically be considered in POST program. It is recommended that the SACS P-
Δ analysis option is used when doing code check analysis using AISC 13th Edition. The following
message will be issued by POST when using the “AA” or “AL” code check options: “(6) WHEN
USING THE AISC 13th EDITION (2005 SPECIFICATIONS) CODE CHECK, THE USER SHOULD HAVE THE P-
DELTA EFFECT INCLUDED IN THE ANALYSIS”
3. The ASD code check method requires the selected P-Δ effects to be calculated using a load factor of
1.6 which can be input through columns 21-26 of the CODE_AA input line. This factor is explicitly
used in the P-Δ elemental stiffness calculations only and does not affect the overall load cases.
3.3.5.4 Cm, Cb and the SPAN line

The coefficient Cm accounts for moment magnification due to P-δ second order effects assuming no
lateral translation of the frame.
For beam-columns not subject to transverse loading between supports in the plane of bending,
52

M1
C m  0 .6  0 .4 ( )
M2
where M1 and M2, calculated from a first order analysis, and are the smaller and the larger moments,
respectively, at the ends of that portion of the member unbraced in the plane of bending under
consideration. M1/M2 is positive when the member is bent in reverse curvature, negative when bent in
single curvature.
For beam columns subjected to transverse loading between supports, the value of Cm will be
determined either by analysis or conservatively taken as 1.0 for all cases.
The commentary section C2.1b of AISC 13th Edition states that the use of Cm = 0.85 for members with
restrained ends specified in earlier specifications can sometimes result in a significant under-estimation
of the internal moments. Therefore, the use of Cm = 1.0 is recommended as a simple conservative
approximation for all cases involving transversely loaded members.
Column 34 of the OPTIONS line allows the inclusion or exclusion of the moment magnification from the
unity check as follows:
• If column 34 is left blank will result in the inclusion of moment magnification and the use
member classification in member group definition line to calculate Cm value by program.
• Option “C” in column 34 will result in the inclusion of moment magnification and the value
of Cm equal to 1.0 globally, this is the most conservative option to consider the P-δ second
order effect.
• Option “M” in column 34 will result in the exclusion of moment magnification and the value of
Cm equal to 1.0 globally, the P-δ second order effect will be totally ignored and may result in an
unconservative design. User should exercise extreme caution when selecting this option.
If column 34 of the OPTIONS line is left blank then the POST module will calculate Cm values based on
the member classification defined in column 47 of the GRUP input line.
The various member classification options available in column 47 of the GRUP input line are as follows:
’1’ Cm = 1.0 (Primary, for AISC 13th Edition only)
‘2’ Cm = 1.0 (Secondary, for AISC 13th Edition only)
‘3’ Cm = 0.6-0.4(M1/M2) (Primary)
‘4’ Cm = 0.6-0.4(M1/M2) (Secondary)
‘5’ Cm = 1.0-0.4(FA/FE) (Primary)
‘6’ Cm = 1.0-0.4(FA/FE) (Secondary)
‘7’ Cm = 1.0 (Primary)
53

NOTE: For options 3, 4, 5, and 6 the Cm value for any member loaded transversely in its plane
of bending will be set to 1.0 regardless its member classification.
In many circumstances, where a physical member consists of more than one member element in the
SACS model, the SPAN line should be used to define set of modeled member elements as a physical
member so that the POST module can define the correct member end moments to calculate the Cm
values.
The coefficient Cb is defined as the lateral torsional buckling modification factor for nonuniform
moment diagrams when both ends of the unsupported segments are braced
12 . 5 M
Cb  max
R m  3 .0
2 .5 M  3M  4M  3M
` max A B C
In which
Mmax = absolute value of maximum moment in the unbraced segment
MA = absolute value of moment at quarter point of the unbraced segment
MB = absolute value of moment at centerline of the unbraced segment
MC = absolute value of moment at three-quarter point of the unbraced segment
Rm = cross section monosymmetry parameter
= 1.0, doubly symmetric members
= 1.0, singly symmetric members subjected to single curvature bending

I zc
 0 .5  2 (
2
)
Iz
, singly symmetric members subjected to reverse curvature bending
Iz = moment of inertia about the principle weak axis
Izc = moment of inertia about the principle weak axis referred to the compression flange, or
if reverse curvature bending, referred to the smaller flange.
For singly symmetric members subjected to reverse curvature bending, the lateral torsional buckling
strength should be checked for both flanges. The available flexural strength should be greater than or
equal to the maximum required moment causing compression within the flange under consideration.
Cb is permitted to be conservatively taken as 1.0 for all cases and especially for cantilevers or overhangs
where the free end is unbraced.
Pu
1
Pez
For doubly symmetric members under axial tension, Cb may be increased by for LRFD design
1 . 5 Pa
1
Pez
and by for ASD design according to section H1.2.
54

Column 33 of OPTIONS line allows the user has the user to set Cb = 1.0 globally by leaving the column
blank (default) or input option “B” to let program calculate Cb value using member moment diagram.
When program calculated Cb value are desired, due consideration should be given to where a physical
member consists of more than one member element in analysis model, SPAN line should be used to
define set of modeled member elements as a physical member for POST program to correctly use the
member moment diagram to calculate Cb values.
3.3.5.5 Use of SPAN line for AISC 13th Edition in SACS

a. SPAN lines are used for selecting physical member end moments, moment diagrams and
analysis of member deflections. The member end moments will then be used for calculating
member Cm values and member lateral torsional buckling moment factor Cb.
b. SPAN lines can be defined in SACS model or POST input file.
c. A SPAN line defines a set of 2 or more members with a unique ID.
d. Member direction within a SPAN shall be in the exact sequence as defined on SPAN line.
Example: if a SPAN line is used to defined two members by joints A, B, C, then the members shall
be defined by exactly A to B for first member and B to C for second member.
e. All SPAN lines should be grouped together and input immediately after all member definition
lines.
f. A header line with only SPAN input is required.
g. Caution: SPAN line definition has nothing to do with member effective length factor Ky and Kz,
member effective length Ly, Lz and member lateral unbraced length Lb. User should input the
appropriate Ky, Kz, Ly, Lz and Lb values regardless if SPAN lines are defined or not.
3.3.5.6 Member slenderness limitations

For tension and compression members, no mandatory slenderness limitations are defined by AISC 13th
Edition. But user should note:
1. For members designed on the basis of tension, the slenderness ratio L/r preferably should not
exceed 300. For tension members, the slenderness limit is not essential to the structural integrity of
the members; it merely assures a degree of stiffness such that undesirable lateral movement
(“Slapping” or vibration) will unlikely occur
2. For members designed on the basis of compression, the slenderness ratio KL/r preferably should not
exceed 200. It is not recommend to exceed this limit for compression members except for cases
where special care is exercised by the fabricator and erector.
The traditional upper limits are based on professional judgment and practical construction economics,
ease of handling, and care required to minimize inadvertent damage during fabrication, transport and
erection.
55

3.3.5.7 AISC 13th Edition Nominal Strength for non-tubular members
Flange
Force Type Section Type Web Slenderness Formula
Slenderness
Axial Tension All sections N/A N/A D2-1
WF, PLG C, NC, S C, NC, S E7-1,2,3 E3-4 E4-4
E7-4,5,6 E7-7,8,9
E7-16,17
Channel C, NC, S C, NC, S E7-1,2,3 E3-4 E4-5
E7-4,5,6 E7-16,17
Box, RTB C, NC, S C, NC, S E7-1,2,3 E3-4 E4-4
Axial E7-16,18
Compression Tee C, NC, S C, NC, S E7-1,2,3 E3-4 E4-2
E7-4,5,6 E7-13,14,15
Angle C, NC, S C, NC, S E7-1,2,3 E3-4
E7-10,11,12
Prismatic C C E3-1,2,3,4 E4-4
PGU C, NC, S C, NC, S E7-1,2,3 E3-4 E4-5
E7-7,8,9 E7-16,17
PGD C, NC, S C, NC, S E7-1,2,3 E3-4 E4-4
E7-16,18, E7-7,8,9
WF, PLG C C F2-1,2,3
NC, S C F3-1,2
C, NC, S NC F4-1,2,3 F-12,13,14

Major axis
C, NC, S S F5-1,2,7,10
bending
Channel C C F2-1,2,3
Box, RTB C, NC, S C, NC F7-1,2,3 F7-5
Tee C, NC, S N/A F9-1 F9-4 F9-6
56

Angle N/A N/A F10-1,2,3 F10-7,8
Prismatic N/A N/A F11-1,2,3
PGU C, NC, S C, NC F4-1,2,3 F4-12,13,14
C, NC, S S F5-1,2,7,10
PGD C, NC, S C, NC F7-1,2,3 F7-5 F4-1,2,3
WF, PLG C, NC, S N/A F6-1,2,3,4 F5-9
Channel C, NC, S N/A F6-1,2,3
Box, RTB C, NC, S C, NC F7-1,2,3 F7-5

Minor axis
Tee C, NC, S N/A F6-1,2,3 F11-2,3
bending
Angle N/A N/A F10-1 F10-7,8
Prismatic N/A N/A F11-1,2,3
PGU C, NC, S N/A F6-1,2,3
PGD C, NC, S C, NC F7-1,2,3 F7-5 F6-1,2,3,4

F5-9
WF N/A N/A G2-1,2
Shear ANG, PRI N/A N/A G2-1
All others N/A N/A G2-1 G2-3,4,5
Box, RTB, PGD N/A N/A H3-1 H3-3,4,5

Torsion
All others N/A N/A N/A
Note 1: ‘C’ is Compact, ‘NC’ is Noncompact and ‘S’ is Slender as specified in table B4.1.
Note 2: For minor axis bending of slender unstiffened flanges from a built up section such as PLG and
PGD section, the local buckling stress equation (F5-9) will be used instead of equation (6-4).
3.3.6 Eurocode 3
3.3.6.1 CODE input line.
The CODE input line may be used to input resistance Gama factors and shear area in accordance to
section 5.4.6 of Eurocode 3, Part 1.1.
If this line is omitted then the resistance Gama factors will be set to 1.1 and the standard approach will
be used for shear stress calculations.
The CODE line should follow the “OPTIONS” line in the SACS model file.
57

3.3.6.2 SPAN input line.
SPAN input lines are used for selecting physical member end moments and analysis of member
deflections. The member end moments are used for flexural buckling and lateral torsional buckling
moment factor calculations.
SPAN line defines a set of 2 or more members with a unique ID.
Member direction within a SPAN shall be in exact sequence as defined on SPAN line.
Example here: if a SPAN line defined two members by joints A, B, C, then the members shall be defined by
exactly A to B for first member and B to C for second member.
All SPAN lines should be grouped together and input following all member definition lines in the SACS
input file.
A header line is required for the SPAN line.
3.3.6.3 Unbraced Length of Bottom Flange

The member GRUP input line allows the input of the unbraced length of the bottom flange (for a wide
flange section or a plate girder) by specifying “B” in column 46 of GRUP line and then providing the
unbraced length for the bottom flange in columns 48-51.
The member GRUP input line also allows the input member end fixities according to table F.1.1 of Annex
F by entering ‘1’, ‘2’ or ‘3’ in column 47 for end rotation factors as per table F.1.1 of Annex F.
Where:
“1” corresponding to no fixity at both ends, this is the default;
“2” corresponding to one end fix and other end free;
“3” corresponding to full fixity at both ends.
NOTE: These classifications will only be used for lateral buckling resistance calculations where applicable.

The AISC 14th Edition is based on AISC 2010 specifications. It provides options for ASD and LRFD design. If
option ‘4A’ is selected in columns 25-26 on OPTIONS line, this will activate code check by ASD method of
AISC 14th Edition for non-tubular members and WSD method of API RP 2A 21st edition for tubular
members. If option “4L” is selected then this will activate code check by LRFD method of AISC 14th
Edition for non-tubular members and LRFD method of API RP 2A-LRFD 1st edition for tubular members.
The sections which are supported in this code check are similar to AISC 13th. Sections are checked for
compactness, depending on the width to thickness ratio of flanges and the web, for compression and
flexure according to the limits specified in Table B4.1 of AISC 14th Edition.
58

3.3.7.1 Differences between AISC 14th and AISC 13th
1. Tee and channel sections have new specifications for compact, non-compact and slender
classifications in Table B.4.1
2. The lateral torsional buckling modification factor updated. Rm value is removed and upper limit
changed. (Equation F1-1)
3. Limiting laterally unbraced length is updated for equation F2-6.
4. Lateral-Torsional buckling criteria is updated for "other I-shaped members" in equation F4-10.
5. New check is added for Tee and double angle sections loaded in the plane of symmetry.
59

6. New checks for local buckling of Tee stem in flexural compression is added. (Section F9-4)
3.4 INTERACTION UNITY CHECK RATIO

The Post program calculates the interaction unity check ratios based on the code check option specified
on the OPTIONS line.
3.4.1 API/AISC Allowable Working Stress

For any of the API working stress code check options, the API RP2A and AISC Manual of Steel
Construction ASD codes are used to calculate the interaction unity check ratios for tubular and non-
tubular members, respectively.
Note: Stiffened cylinder allowable stresses may be optionally calculated based on API Bulletin 2U
‘Stability Design of Cylindrical Shells’ recommendations.

Interaction unity check ratios for tubular members may be determined based on API-RP2A WSD 20th or
16th editions. For each load case, the tubular member is checked for each applicable interaction
condition and the condition yielding the highest ratio is reported as critical. The following details the
unity check equations for each of the ten possible conditions. Differences between the API 20th and
16th edition code check procedures are noted.
60

For members in tension, tension plus bending is checked per API 20th and 16th editions using the
equation
Each member is also checked for bending only as follows:
For load cases in which the member is in compression and the compressive stress is less than or equal to
0.15 Fa , the following formula is used:
Tubular members subjected to combined compression and flexure with compressive stress greater than
0.15 Fa are checked using both of the following equations:
The Euler buckling stress ratio for compression members is determine from
The shear unity check ratio is taken as the larger of the following:
When reporting the bending components about the local y or z axes, the following formulas are used:
where A and B are defined as
61

3.4.1.2 Hydrostatic Collapse for Tubular Members
When using API 20th edition code, hydrostatic collapse checks may be performed. Tubular members
subject to axial tension and simultaneous hydrostatic compressive stresses are checked against the
following interaction equation:
where ν is the Poisson's ratio, SFx is the axial tension safety factor (per Paragraph 3.3.5), SFh is the hoop
compression safety factor (per Paragraph 3.3.5) and A and B are as follows:
When axial compressive and hoop compressive stresses occur simultaneously, the following equations
are used:
where SFb is the bending safety factor and SFx is the safety factor for axial compression (per Paragraph
3.3.5). When fx < 0.5 Fha the following equation is also checked:
where Faa and Fha are
3.4.1.3 Conical Sections

When using API RP2A 20th edition, additional checks for conical sections are performed. The axial,
bending and local bending interaction ratio for segments made up of a conical section is calculated at
the cone-cylinder junction using the following:
where Ft is the cone tensile strength entered in columns 24-29 of the member GRUP line. If no cone
tensile strength is specified on the member GRUP line, Ft = 60 ksi.
Tensile hoop stress and compressive hoop stress are checked using the following formulas, respectively:
62

Interaction unity check ratios for non-tubular members are determined based on AISC Manual of Steel
Construction, 9th edition. For each load case, the member is checked for applicable conditions with the
condition yielding the highest unity check ratio reported as critical. The following paragraphs detail the
unity check formulas for each of the six conditions checked.
For members in tension, tension plus bending is checked per
Each member regardless of whether axial stress is tensile or compressive is checked for bending only as
follows:
For load cases in which the member is in compression and the compressive stress is less than or equal to
0.15 Fa , the following formula is used:
Members subjected to combined compression and flexure with compressive stress greater than 0.15 Fa
are checked using both of the following equations:
The Euler buckling stress ratio for compression members is determined from
The shear unity check ratio includes the effects of torsion and is taken as
3.4.1.5 Stiffened Cylinders

The interaction ratios for stiffened cylinders may be optionally determined based on the API Bulletin 2U.
For elements subjected to axial tension, the unity check ratio is taken from
63

The factor of safety, FS, is taken as 1.67 ψ for normal design conditions or 1.25 ψ for extreme load
conditions, where the allowable and predicted stresses are increased by one third. The value of ψ is
taken as 1.2 when buckling stress is elastic and 1.0 when buckling stress equals the yield stress. For
buckling stresses between those limits, the following equation is used:
For members subjected to axial compression or bending, the unity check ratio is determined from
The unity check ratio for members subjected to external pressure only is calculated using the following:
Members subjected to hydrostatic end forces are checked against both of the following:
For axial tension of compression and hoop compression, with or without bending, and bending plus
hoop compression, the following unity check ratios are calculated:
The following column buckling unity check equation is used
where B = 1.0 when fa / Fa ≤ 0.15, and B = Cm / (1 − fa / Fe′) when fa / Fa > 0.15.
3.4.1.6 Plates
The unity check ratio for plate elements is calculated using the Huber-von Mises-Hencky Technique, also
known as the Maximum Energy of Distortion Theory. The unity check equation utilizes the maximum
principle stress, Sp1 , and the minimum principle stress, Sp2 , as follows:
3.4.2 API/AISC LRFD

For the LRFD code check option, the API RP2A LRFD and AISC Manual of Steel Construction LRFD codes
are utilized to calculate the interaction ratios for tubular and non-tubular members, respectively.
64

Interaction unity check ratios for tubular members may be determined based on API-RP2A LRFD, 1st
edition. For each load case, the tubular member is checked for each applicable interaction condition
with the condition yielding the highest ratio being reported as critical. The paragraphs following detail
the interaction equations for each of the four conditions checked.
For members in tension, the tension plus bending interaction ratio is taken as the larger value from the
following two equations:
For load cases in which the member is subject to axial compression and bending, the interaction ratio is
determined by the larger of the following:
The shear unity check ratio is taken as the larger of the following:

Interaction unity check ratios for non-tubular members are determined based on the AISC Manual of
Steel Construction LRFD, 1st edition. For each load case, the member is checked for all applicable
conditions with the condition yielding the highest unity check ratio reported as critical. The following
paragraphs detail the unity check formulas for each of the possible six conditions.
For members in tension, where ft / (φtFy) ≥ 0.2, tension plus bending is checked per
65

If ft / (φtFy) < 0.2, tension plus bending is checked per
For load cases in which the member is in compression and fa / (φcFa) ≥ 0.2, the following interaction
equation is checked:
If fa / (φcFa) < 0.2, compression plus bending is checked per
The shear unity check ratio including the effects of torsion is taken as
3.4.2.3 Plates
The unity check ratio for plate elements is calculated using the Huber-von Mises-Hencky Technique, also
known as the Maximum Energy of Distortion Theory. The unity check equation utilizes the maximum
principle stress, Sp1 , and the minimum principle stress, Sp2 , as follows:
3.4.3 NPD/NS3472E Interaction Equations

For the NPD code check options, the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate and Norwegian Standards codes
are used to calculate the unity check ratios for tubular and non-tubular members, respectively.
66

The unity check ratios for tubular members are determined based on interaction equations in the 1995
NPD code.
The unity check ratio for nominal stress is calculated using the von Mises stress as follows:
The member Euler buckling ratio is determined as follows:
The equation used to check local-buckling stability of members subjected to tension or compression,
bending, shear, torsion, or circumferential pressure is as follows:
where Fk is the characteristic buckling resistance. Members subjected to axial compression and bending
stress are checked in accordance with
where γmk = 1.0, Fk may be substituted for FkL from sections 3.4.3, 3.4.4, 3.4.6 and 3.4.9 and fb may be
increased by Δσ in section 3.4.4 based on section 3.4.9 (column buckling). The term fb is the design
bending accounting for imperfections and B is the larger bending amplification factor of By and Bz as
follows:

The hydrostatic collapse equations are taken from the 1977 DNV rules Appendix C Section 3. The basic
interaction formula is
where K = 1.0 if (ρFy/Fe)½ < 0.5 and 1.3 if (ρFy/Fe)½ > 1.0. K may be linearly interpolated for other values
using K = 0.7 + 0.6 (ρFy/Fe)½. The variable φ is taken as 1/(1 + (Fy/Fe)²)½ where Fe is calculated for each
load type (axial, bending, torsion and pressure) using the general formula Fe = ρi fi , where ρi and fi are
determined per DNV rules for each load type.
67

Non-tubular members are checked in accordance with NS3472E guidelines. For each member, the
conditions in the following paragraphs are evaluated for each load case.
For elements subjected to axial and bending stress, the following interaction equations are used:
Strong Axis
Weak Axis
where m is the effective moment ratio and Fv is the ideal buckling yield stress used to account for lateral
buckling. Fv is taken as Fy for all sections except wide flanges and boxes, where Fv is calculated per
section 5.5.2.1.
The Euler buckling unity check ratio is determine from
3.4.3.4 Plates
The unity check ratio for plate elements is calculated using the von Mises stress as follows:
3.4.4 BS5950 Interaction Equations

For code check with respect to BS5950, members are checked for each of the following conditions.
Tension members with moments are investigated using the following equation:
Members subjected to compression and bending are checked using the following equations for local
capacity and buckling:
where Fb is the buckling resistance moment capacity. Maximum moment unity check ratio is determined
from
68

Members are checked for buckling using
The overall shear capacity and shear in the flange is checked using
Thin or slender webbed members are additionally checked using the following interaction equation:
where pb.cr is the maximum bending stress in the web given by and pc.cr is the buckling resistance of the
web. The critical shear strength of the web, qcr , is calculated per 4.4.5.3.
3.4.5 Danish DS449/DS412

3.4.5.1 Combined Stress for all Cross Sections except Tubular Sections
where
69

See GRUP line in SACS IV manual for additional options.
3.4.5.2 Box and Wide Flange Sections

λv is calculated as follows:
where
70

Note: Flange bending due to torsion is included in the von Mises stress but is not included directly for
combined compression/bending interaction.
M is determined as follows:
However, M should not be taken greater than the maximum resulting moment occurring in the member.
For a member supported at both ends
For a member restrained at one end and free at the other
3.4.5.3 Tubular Sections
where a = 1.0. For local buckling interaction with global buckling, if then local buckling is independent of
global buckling. Otherwise, the following interaction occurs.
Neff replaces Nd in the combined stress formulas above, with Neff determined by
71

Where
where σad and σbd are design stresses caused by axial forces and bending moments, respectively, and r is
the mean radius.
where
and
72

3.4.5.5 Interaction Equation
3.4.5.6 Local Buckling for Non-Tubular Cross Sections

Local buckling criteria were developed using the Theory of Elastic Stability, 2nd edition by Timoshenko
and Gere. The local buckling checks are categorized into flange buckling, web buckling due to bending
and compression, and web buckling due to shear. These checks are performed on members based on
the cross-section shape as follows:
Wide Flange Check flange for flange buckling and web for buckling due to compression plus
bending and buckling due to shear
Box beam Check all sides for web buckling due to compression plus bending and web
buckling due to shear
Angle Check both legs for flange buckling
Tee Check flanges and stem for flange buckling
Channel Check flanges for flange buckling and web for buckling under compression plus
bending and buckling due to shear
3.4.5.7 Flange Buckling

The flange buckling check utilizes the buckling of thin plate theory assuming the ends are simply
supported with one side of the flange simply supported and the other side free.
The critical stress is taken as
where
and
for long plates.
73

3.4.5.8 Web Buckling Due to Compression plus Bending
The web buckling check under compression plus bending assumes a simply-supported plate under
combined bending and compression. The critical stress is taken as
where
where a is the plate length, b is the plate width (web height), and k is a function of a and a/b.
The term α is determined from the amount of bending stress as follows:
Pure Compression α=0
Pure Bending α=2
Combined Compression and Bending α = 2fb/(fb + fc)
Tension α = 2 and ignore the tension load
The value of k is determined based on the following table:
a/b
α
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.667 0.75 0.80 0.90 1.0 1.5
2 29.1 25.6 24.1 23.9 24.1 24.4 25.6 25.6 24.1
4/3 18.7 … 12.9 … 11.5 11.2 … 11.0 11.5
1 15.1 … 9.7 … 8.4 8.1 … 7.8 8.4
74

a/b
α
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.667 0.75 0.80 0.90 1.0 1.5
4/5 13.3 … 8.3 … 7.1 6.9 … 6.6 7.1
2/3 10.8 … 7.1 … 6.1 6.0 … 5.8 6.1
The actual calculation for critical stress is performed using a third-order approximation from
Timoshenko, Theory of Elastic Stability.
Note: The number of half waves m is assumed to be 3a/2b rounded to the nearest integer with m ≥ 1.
3.4.5.9 Web Buckling Under Shear

The critical stress for web buckling under shear is taken as
where
with b being the web height and k = 5.35 + 4 (b/a)2.

The interaction of flexure and compression in doubly symmetric members and singly symmetric
members for which 0.1 ≤ (Izc/Iz) ≤ 0.9, that are constrained to bend about a geometric axis (y and /or z)
should be limited by equation H1-1a and H1-1b, where Izc is the moment of inertia about the z-axis
referred to the compression flange. The critical condition reported as CM+BN when these equations
govern the design,
For Pr/Pc ≥ 0.2

Pr 8 M ry M
UC   (  rz
)
Pc 9 M cy
M cz
(H1-1a)
For Pr/Pc < 0.2

Pr M ry M
UC  (  rz
)
2 Pc M cy
M cz
(H1-1b)
75

The interaction of flexure and tension in doubly symmetric members and singly symmetric members
constrained to bend about a geometric axis (y and/or z) should be limited by same equations as H1-1a
and H1-1b. The critical condition reported as TN+BN when these equations govern the design. For
doubly symmetric members in axial tension, Cb may be increased by
Pu 1 . 5 Pa
1 1
Pez Pez
for LRFD design and by for ASD design where applicable.
The interaction of flexure and axial stress for shapes not covered by formula H1-1a and H1-1b, section
H2 should apply, critical condition reported as CM+BN for axial compression and TN+BN for axial tension
fa f by f bz
UC   
Fa F by F bz
(H2-1)
The shear unity ratio includes the effects of torsion is the larger along flanges and along webs, critical
condition reported as SHEAR,
f vy
UC 
F vy
f vz
UC 
F vz
If the larger of the following Euler buckling stress ratios for compression members exceeds 1.0, critical
condition reported as EULER, then 100 will be added to above stress ratio and reported,
fa
UC 
F ey
fa
UC 
F ez
For box, RTB and PGD sections, when the required torsional strength, Tr, exceeds 20 percent of available
torsional strength, Tc, the interaction of torsion, shear, flexure and /or axial force should be limited by
equation H3-6 for both major and minor axis. The critical condition reported as TR+SFA,
Pr M ry V rz Tr
UC  (  )( 
2
)
Pc M cy
V cz T cz
Pr M V ry Tr
UC  (  )( 
rz 2
)
Pc M V cy T cy
cz
(H3-6)
3.5 VON MISES CODE CHECK FOR PLATES, SHELLS AND SOLIDS
3.5.1 Plate Element
3.5.1.1 Plate stresses notation
The following notation is used for plate stresses:
76

Membrane:
SX – Membrane stress in the plate local X direction.
SY – Membrane stress in the plate local Y direction.
TXY – Membrane shear stress in the plate local X-Y plane.
SP – Maximum principle membrane stress.
Extreme fiber bending stress in plate element corresponding to +Z direction (referred to as the “UPPER
SURFACE” in the SACS Plate Stress Detail Report)
SX – Extreme fiber bending stress in local X direction.
SY –Extreme fiber bending stress in local Y direction.
TXY – Extreme fiber bending stress in the plate local X-Y plane.
SP – Maximum principle extreme fiber bending stress.
Maximum Combined:
SP – Largest value of the combined (membrane + bending) principle extreme fiber stress
corresponding to +Z and –Z directions (whichever is larger in magnitude).
TMAX – Largest value of the combined (membrane + bending) extreme fiber shear stress
corresponding to +Z and –Z directions (whichever is larger magnitude).
VM –The largest value of the combined (membrane + bending) extreme fiber Von Mises stress
corresponding to +Z and –Z directions (whichever is larger).
3.5.1.2 Plate stress calculations

For each plate, the membrane, bending and combined stress components are calculated at the plate
element centroid and element nodes and reported in the plate stress detail report.
To allow the user to distinguish between the directions of bending moments, the bending stresses are
always reported at the extreme fiber corresponding to the local +Z direction of the plate element.
The critical stress is obtained by combining the membrane stress with the extreme fiber bending
stresses.
The combined von Mises stress is then calculated as follows,
In which,
SP1 – Maximum combined principle stress
SP2 – Minimum combined principle stress
77

The von Mises stress is calculated on the extreme fibers of the plate element and only the largest value
is reported and used for code check.
3.5.1.3 Local and Overall Stability code checks for plated structures
In addition to the von Mises strength check, local and overall plate stability code checks should also be
considered. Design guides such as ‘Design of Flat Plate Structures’, API Bull 2V and ‘Buckling Strength of
Plated Structures’, DnV-RP-C201 should be used for such purposes.
3.5.2 Shell Element

3.5.2.1 Shell stresses notation
The following notation is used when reporting the extreme fiber stresses for shell element (referred to
as TOP and BOTTOM in the SACS Shell Element Detail report, where TOP refers to the extreme fiber
corresponding to the +Z direction and BOTTOM refers to the extreme fiber corresponding to the –Z
direction):
SXX – Normal stress in shell local X direction
SYY – Normal stress in shell local Y direction
SXY – In-plane shear stress in shell local X-Y plane
SP – Maximum principle extreme fiber stress
TMAX – Maximum extreme fiber shear stress
The following notation is used when reporting stresses on the neutral axis plane of a shell element:
SYZ – Out of plane shear stress in shell local Y-Z plane
SZX – Out of plane shear stress in shell local Z-X plane
3.5.2.2 Shell stress Calculations

Shell element stress components can be calculated and reported at either the center or the corner
Gauss points or both center and corner Gauss points, depending on user selected output option on the
shell group line. Shell element stresses and code checks are reported in the shell element detail stress
report.
Von Mises stress is calculated as follows,
where,
SP1 – Maximum principle extreme fiber stress.
SP2 – Minimum principle extreme fiber stress.
The largest value for the Von Mises extreme fiber stress is used for the shell code check.
NOTE: The Von Mises stress is not reported for the neutral axis plane.
78

3.5.2.3 Local and Overall stability code checks for shell structures:
In addition to the von Mises strength check, local and overall shell stability code checks should also be
considered. Design guides such as ‘Stability Design of Cylindrical Shells’, API Bull 2U and ‘Buckling
Strength of Shells ’, DnV-RP-C202 should be used for such purposes.
3.5.3 Solid Element

3.5.3.1 Solid stresses notation reported
Direct normal stresses:
SXX – Normal stress in solid local/global X direction
SYY – Normal stress in solid local/global Y direction
SZZ – Normal stress in solid local/global Z direction
Shear stresses:
TXY – Shear stress in solid local/global X-Y plane
TXZ – Shear stress in solid local/global X-Z plane
TYZ – Shear stress in solid local/global Y-Z plane
Principle stresses:
S1 – First principle stress in solid
S2 – Second principle stress in solid
S3 – Third principle stress in solid
Maximum shear stresses
TMAX – Maximum shear stresses in solid
3.5.3.2 Solid stress Calculations

Stress components are calculated at the centroid and the nodes of a solid element and reported in the
solid element detail stress report. Stresses can be reported in either local or global coordinate system
depending upon user defined output option.
Von Mises stress for a solid is calculated as follows,
in which,
S1, S2 and S3 are the first, second and third principal stresses respectively.
79

3.5.4 Element von Mises Code Check for plates, shells and solids
3.5.4.1 Code check for AISC 9th edition (UC option, ASD)
Where Fy is the yield stress and AMOD is the allowable stress modifier for the load case in consideration
(default to 1.0 unless specified by the user using AMOD input line).
3.5.4.2 Code check for AISC 13th edition (AA option, ASD)
Where Fy is the yield stress and AMOD is the allowable stress modifier for the load case in consideration
sections (defaults to 1.0 unless specified by the user using AMOD input line).
3.5.4.3 Code check for AISC 13th edition (AL option, LRFD)
Where Fy is the yield stress and Φt is the tension resistance factor (defaults to 0.9 for AISC 13th LRFD
method unless specified by user using RFLRFD input line).
3.5.4.4 Code check for Eurocode 3 1992E (EC option, LRFD)
Where Fy is the yield stress and γM0 is the partial safety factor for resistance of class 1, 2 and 3 class
sections (defaults to 1.1 unless specified by the user using CODE EC input line).
3.6 Eurocode 3-2005

3.6.1 Main contents for the implementation
1. New code check options supported for Eurocode 3:2005.
2. CODE EC line has been updated to include user options for Eurocode 3:2005.
3. Optional shear area and shear stress calculation can be based on Clause 6.2.6 of Eurocode
3:2005.
4. Support user defined partial factors for resistance to cross-sections ϒM0 and for resistance to
member instability ϒM1 with standard defaults to 1.10.
80

5. Method for interaction factors kij in Clause 6.3.3 can be user defined with standard default to
alternative method 2. Background materials suggest that alternative method 1 of Annex A is
only good for doubly symmetrical sections while alternative method 2 of Annex B is good for all
kinds of sections.
6. Optional National annexes supported. Currently only Norwegian National Annex is supported.
7. Shear area factor η from EN 1993-1-5:2005 can be user defined with standard default to 1.2 for
steel grades up to and including S460 (67ksi).
8. Detail member report in Postvue “Review Member” has been updated extensively to include all
the detailed information for this code check.
9. Tee and Chanel sections are added for code checks.
3.6.2 OPTIONS input line:

The OPTIONS line has been updated to include the new code check option for Eurocode 3:2005; enter
“E5” at column 25-26 of OPTIONS line for the new code. When this code is activated, the non-tubular
members will checked for Eurocode 3:2005 while the tubular members will be checked for Norsok N-004
2004.
3.6.3 CODE input line:

1. The CODE EC line has been updated to include both Eurocode 3:1992 and Eurocode 3:2005
options.
2. User supplied resistance Gamma factors can be input into column 21-32.
3. For shear area calculation, user has option to use shear area formula from section 5.4.6 of
Eurocode 3:1992 or from Clause 6.2.6 of Eurocode 3:2005; enter “E3” or “E5” into column 10-11
for these shear area calculation options.
4. Methods for Member stability interaction factors could be selected at this line; enter “1” or “2”
to column 33 to select alternative method 1 or method 2 with standard default to method 2.
5. Norwegian national annex could be selected; enter “NO” into column 34-35 for Norwegian
National Annex; otherwise a generic code check based on Eurocode 3:2005 will be performed.
6. Shear area factor could be defined at column 36-41.
7. If this line is omitted for Eurocode 3:2005 unity check: resistance Gamma factors will be set to
1.1; shear area in stress calculation will use standard SACS method; interaction factor method
will be set to method 2 and the shear area factor will be set to 1.2.
8. This line shall be input into options area and preferably right behind the “OPTIONS” line.
3.6.4 SPAN input line:

1. It is extremely important to define physical members as a span using SPAN lines.
81

2. SPAN lines are used for selecting physical member end moments and analysis of member
deflections. The member end moments and the physical member deflections will then be used
for lateral torsional buckling moment factor calculation and for interaction factors calculation
based either on Table A.2 of Annex A or Table B.3 of Annex B of Eurocode 3:2005.
3. A SPAN line defines a set of 2 or more members with a unique ID.
4. Member direction within a SPAN shall be in exact sequence as defined on SPAN line.
Example here: if a SPAN line defined two members by joints A, B, C, then the members shall be
defined by exactly A to B for first member and B to C for second member.
5. All SPAN lines shall be grouped together and input right after all member definition lines.
6. A header line with only SPAN input is required.
3.6.5 GRUP input line

For elastic critical moment of lateral torsional buckling Mcr, the equations from Annex F of Eurocode
3:1992 have been used.
The member group definition line (GRUP) is also updated allowing user to input member end fixities
according to table F.1.1 of Annex F of Eurocode 3:1992. These classifications will only be used for lateral
buckling resistance calculations where applicable.
Column 47 of GRUP line for Eurocode 3, “1”, “2” and “3” can be entered for end rotation factors per
table F.1.1 of Annex F:
“1” corresponding to no fixity at both ends, this is the default
“2” corresponding to one end fix and other end free
“3” corresponding to full fixity at both ends
3.6.6 Example
DESIGNERS GUIDE EXAMPLE 6.10 WITH NS-EN 1993-1-1:2005/NA:2008
* COLUMN 25-26, "E5" FOR EN 1993-1-1:2005 CODE CHECK
OPTIONS MN SDE5 2 1 DC C PTPTPTPTPTPTPTPT
* CODE EC LINE MUST BE USED FOR E5 OPTION
* COLUMN 10-11, "E5" TO USE SHEAR AREA AT CLAUSE 6.2.6
* COLUMN 21-32, INPUT THE Gamma_M0 and Gamma_M1 RESISTANCE FACTORS
* COLUMN 33, INPUT INTERACTION FACTOR METHOD AT CLAUSE 6.3.3
* COLUMN 34-35, INPUT "NO" FOR NORWEGIAN NATIONAL ANNEX
* COLUMN 36-41, INPUT Eta FACTOR FOR SHEAR AREA
CODE EC E5 1.0 1.02NO 1.2
GRUP
82

GRUP BEM UC12240 21.008.10027.50 1 1.001.00 N7.8490
MEMBER
MEMBER 1 3 BEM 1.402.004.200
MEMBER 3 2 BEM 1.402.004.200
* SPAN LINES SHOULD BE USED TO DEFINE PHISICAL MEMBERS
SPAN
SPAN SP1 1 3 2
JOINT
JOINT 1 0. 0. 0. 111100
JOINT 2 4. 0. 0. 20.000 011000
JOINT 3 2. 0. 0. 10.000
LOAD
LOADCN 1
LOAD 1 420.000 GLOB JOIN JTLD
LOAD 2 -3440.0 420.000110.000 GLOB JOIN JTLD
END
3.7 CSA S16-09:2009

1. New code check options supported for CSA S16-09.
2. CODE IS line has been updated to include user options for CSA S16-09.
3. RFLRFD line has been updated to include user defined resistance factors for structural steel.
4. Detail member report in Postvue “Review Member” has been updated extensively to include all
the detailed information for this code check.
Note: Weak axis shear for wide-flanges is not addressed in CSA S16-09 so a parabolic stress distribution
is assumed (2/3 flange area).
3.7.2 OPTIONS input line

1. To activate the non-tubular member code check with CSA S16-09, “IS” code option for ISO
19902:2007 must be selected on OPTIONS line.
2. User selection of Moment amplification factor ω2 has been included at column 33 of OPTIONS
line. Enter “B” to use calculated ω2 factor according to section 13.6 of CSA S16-09. Default ω2 =
1.0 globally.
3.7.3 CODE IS input line

1. The CODE IS line must be defined to use CSA S16-09 code check.
83

2. The CODE IS line has been updated to include user selections of non-tubular code check specs
such as CSA S16-09, Eurocode 3 2005 and AISC 13th LRFD etc. Enter “CA” into column 11-12 for
CSA S16-09.
3.7.4 RFLRFD input line

RFLRFD line has been updated to include a user defined resistance factor for CSA S16-09. Enter
resistance factor to column 43-47 of RFLRFD line for CSA S16-09. Currently only a uniform resistance
factor is supported.
3.7.5 GRUP input line

1. Member class must be defined at column 47 of member group definition line to correctly select
the proper values of moment factor ω1 from section 13.8.5 of CSA S16-09.
2. Depending on the member class, the moment factor ω1 is calculated as following,
Member Class = 1 ------ ω1=0.85 (This is the default when member class not defined)
Member Class = 2 ------ ω1=0.85
Member Class = 3 ------ ω1=0.6-0.4k ≤ 0.4
Member Class = 4 ------ ω1=0.6-0.4k ≤ 0.4
Member Class = 5 ------ Not used
Member Class = 6 ------ Not used
Member Class = 7 ------ ω1=1.0
3. This update will affect the previous implementation of CSA S16 1994. For comparison purpose,
the member class for previous CSA S16 1994 is listed as following; these member classes are not
effective anymore even the previous CSA S16 1994 code check selected.
Member Class = 1 ------ 0.6-0.4k ≤ 0.4 (This is the default when member class not defined)
Member Class = 2 ------ ω1=0.85
Member Class = 3 ------ ω1=1.0
SPAN input line
1. It is extremely important to define physical members as a span using SPAN lines.
2. SPAN lines are used for selecting physical member moments and moment distribution along the
member. The member moments and its distribution will then be used for moment factor ω1
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calculation in the code check interaction equations and moment amplification factor ω2 for
bending resistance calculation under lateral torsional buckling.
3. A SPAN line defines a set of 2 or more members with a unique ID.
4. Member direction within a SPAN shall be in exact sequence as defined on SPAN line.
Example here: if a SPAN line defined two members by joints A, B, C, then the members shall be
defined by exactly A to B for first member and B to C for second member.
5. All SPAN lines shall be grouped together and input right after all member definition lines.
6. A header line with only SPAN input is required.
3.7.6 Example
CANADIAN CSA S16-09 2009 EDITION
* COLUMN 25-26, "IS" FOR ISO 19902:2007 FOR TUBULAR MEMBERS MUST BE SELECTED
* COLUMN 33, "B" FOR MOMENT AMP.FACTOR CALCULATIONS AT SECTION 13.6
OPTIONS MN SDIS 2 1B DC C PTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPT
* COLUMN 11-12, "CA" FOR CANADIAN CSA S16-09:2009 FOR NON-TUBULAR MEMBERS
CODE IS CA
* COLUMN 43-47, INPUT RESISTANCE FACTOR FOR CSA S16-09 FROM SECTION 13.1
RFLRFD 1.000 0.900
SECT
SECT PL180 PLG 91.4001.270180.300.960
GRUP
* COLUMN 47, INPUT MEMBER CLASS FOR THIS MEMBER GROUP AT SECTION 13.8.5
GRUP BEM PL180 20.008.00024.82 3 1.001.00 7.8490
MEMBER
MEMBER 1 3 BEM 2.002.006.858
MEMBER 3 2 BEM 2.002.006.858
SPAN
* SPAN LINE SHOULD BE USED TO DEFINE PHYSICAL MEMBERS
SPAN SP1 1 3 2
JOINT
JOINT 1 0. 0. 0. 111100
JOINT 2 6. 0. 0. 85.800 011000
JOINT 3 3. 0. 0. 42.900
LOAD
LOADCN 1
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LOAD 1 1500.00100.000 GLOB JOIN JTLD
LOAD 2 -1000.0 1500.00100.000 GLOB JOIN JTLD
END
3.8 ISO 19902 and ISO 19901-3 code check

1. ISO 19902:2007 provides guidance on code check on tubular members, conical transitions, and
dented and grouted members and has been supported in SACS-Post. ISO 19901-3:2010
introduces the building codes that should be complied with for non-tubular structural members
on topsides structure. To choose ISO code, “IS” code option must be selected on OPTIONS line.
2. CODE IS line MUST be used for the ISO codes since the associated non-tubular member code is
needed.
3. Detail member report in Postvue “Review Member” has been updated to include the detailed
information for the ISO 19902 code.
3.8.2 CODE IS input line

1. The CODE IS line must be defined for ISO code check.
2. The CODE IS line has been updated to include the user selection of non-tubular member code
specs, for instance: at column 11-12 enter "E3" for Eurocode 3:v1992, enter "E5" for Eurocode
3:2005, enter "AL" for AISC 13th 2005 LRFD, enter "4L" for AISC 14th 2010 LRFD, enter “CA”
into for CSA S16-09, enter "NS" for NS3472.
3. The ISO 19902 resistance factors of axial tension, axial compression, bending shear and hoop
compression of tubular or conical sections can be input at column 21-50 of CODE IS line.
3.8.3 Resistance factors of non-tubular members

1. If Eurocode 3 is selected, CODE EC line is activated to input the partial factors of resistance for
Eurocode 3.
2. If AISC 13th LRFD is selected, RFLRFD line can be used to input the non-tubular AISC resistance
factors at column 43-62. Note that the other factors from column 8 to 37 in RFLRFD line are
ignored.
3. If CSA S16-09 is selected, RFLRFD line can include a user defined resistance factor for CSA S16-
09. Enter the CSA resistance factor to column 43-47 of RFLRFD line. Currently only a uniform
resistance factor is supported.
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3.9 Norsok Standard N-004 code
SACS supports both Rev 2, 2004 and Rev 3, 2013 of Norsok Standard N-004 in tubular members and
conical transitions code check. Enter “NS” at column 25-26 of OPTIONS line for v2004 and "NC" for the
latest 2013 code. The non-tubular members are checked by NS3472 for "NS" option, and by Eurocode
3:2005 for "NC" option.For Eurocode 3 code, the corresponding resistance factors can be entered in
CODE EC line.
For conical transitions, the design stresses calculation in subsection 6.5.2 follows the corresponding
formula in Section 13.6.2 of ISO 19902:2007(E).
3.10 Hotspot SCF Calculation

3.10.1 Extrapolation Coordinate System
A coordinate system is automatically assigned to every stress extrapolation line for SCF calculation. The
average joint stress at the extrapolation joints and the intersection joint are reported in this reference
system. The x-axis is chosen to be from extrapolation joint A to joint B, the z-axis is the same as the z-
axis of the plates connected to the extrapolation joints and the y-axis is the resultant of the cross
product of z and x axis.
The following figure shows an example extrapolation line with intersection joint A00H and extrapolation
joints A00M (joint A) and A04F (joint B).
Location of example extrapolation line on chord
As shown in the figure below, the stresses at the extrapolation joints from the red-highlighted plates will
be rotated to the extrapolation coordinate system (shown by the white arrows) and averaged to
produce the average joint stress.
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Extrapolation coordinate system
3.10.2 Average Joint Stress

In general, the plates connected to the extrapolation joints will have local coordinate systems that are
not aligned with the extrapolation coordinate system. Since the plate stresses are reported in the local
coordinate system of the plate, it is necessary to rotate the plate stresses to the extrapolation
coordinate system before averaging them at the extrapolation joints. This is performed using the 2D
stress transformation as follows:
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑆𝑋 𝑇𝑋𝑌 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
[ 𝑆𝑋′ 𝑇𝑋𝑌′] = [ ][ ][ ]
𝑇𝑋𝑌′ 𝑆𝑌′ −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑇𝑋𝑌 𝑆𝑌 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
where the left-side matrix are the transformed stresses and 𝜃 is the rotation angle.
An alternate procedure using Mohr’s circle involves the following equations:

𝑆𝑋 + 𝑆𝑌 𝑆𝑋 − 𝑆𝑌
𝑆𝑋 ′ = + cos(2𝜃) + 𝑇𝑋𝑌𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝜃)
2 2
𝑆𝑋 + 𝑆𝑌 𝑆𝑋 − 𝑆𝑌
𝑆𝑌 ′ = − cos(2𝜃) − 𝑇𝑋𝑌𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝜃)
2 2
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𝑆𝑋 − 𝑆𝑌
𝑇𝑋𝑌 ′ = − sin⁡(2𝜃) + 𝑇𝑋𝑌𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝜃)
2
These equations are essentially the above matrix calculation expanded and simplified.
The above 2D stress transformation can be used only if the plate plane and the extrapolation XY plane
are coplanar. SACS checks the planarity of all plates with a 5 degree tolerance limit. Plates failing this
tolerance are skipped while averaging and a warning message is displayed. In such cases, the user is
expected to refine the mesh to perform the SCF evaluation.
Once the rotated stresses of all plates connected to an extrapolation joint are obtained, calculating the
average joint stress is just a matter of adding all the plate stresses at the extrapolation joint together
and dividing by the number of plates.
For the example, the figure on the left below shows the extrapolation coordinate system while the right-
side figure shows the local coordinate system of every plate. The stresses in the red-highlighted plates
will be rotated to the extrapolation coordinate system.
Extrapolation coordinate system Plate local coordinate systems
SACS reports the angle by which the plate stresses need to be rotated in the hotspot plate stress detail
report that can be turned on in the SCFNS line. For example, for the plate A0CX which is defined by the
nodes A04F, A143 and A1B1, the rotation angle is 120.81 degrees.
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SACS reports the plate stresses in the local coordinate system (reference system ‘O’) and the stresses in
the extrapolation coordinate system (reference system ‘R’). There are two stress groups, membrane and
bending stresses. Stress rotation is performed on both groups using the 2D stress transformation
mentioned above.
Membrane:
cos⁡(120.81⁡𝑑𝑒𝑔) 𝑠𝑖𝑛⁡(120.81⁡𝑑𝑒𝑔) −0.0255 0.0113 𝑐𝑜𝑠⁡(120.81⁡𝑑𝑒𝑔) −𝑠𝑖𝑛⁡(120.81⁡𝑑𝑒𝑔)
[ ][ ][ ]
−𝑠𝑖𝑛⁡(120.81⁡𝑑𝑒𝑔) 𝑐𝑜𝑠⁡(120.81⁡𝑑𝑒𝑔) 0.0113 −0.0355 𝑠𝑖𝑛⁡(120.81⁡𝑑𝑒𝑔) 𝑐𝑜𝑠⁡(120.81⁡𝑑𝑒𝑔)
−0.0429 −0.0009
=[ ]
−0.0009 −0.0182
Bending:
cos⁡(120.81⁡𝑑𝑒𝑔) 𝑠𝑖𝑛⁡(120.81⁡𝑑𝑒𝑔) −0.0189 −0.0028 𝑐𝑜𝑠⁡(120.81⁡𝑑𝑒𝑔) −𝑠𝑖𝑛⁡(120.81⁡𝑑𝑒𝑔)
[ ][ ][ ]
−𝑠𝑖𝑛⁡(120.81⁡𝑑𝑒𝑔) 𝑐𝑜𝑠⁡(120.81⁡𝑑𝑒𝑔) −0.0028 −0.0223 𝑠𝑖𝑛⁡(120.81⁡𝑑𝑒𝑔) 𝑐𝑜𝑠⁡(120.81⁡𝑑𝑒𝑔)
−0.0189 0.0028
=[ ]
0.0028 −0.0222
Thus, to get the average joint stress,
For membrane SX stress at joint A04F for load condition AX+1, using rotated SX values of all plates
connected to joint A04F (not shown here),
Average SX = (-0.0429 + -0.0436+ -0.0439 + -0.0429 + -0.0436 + -0.0439)/6 = -0.0435
3.10.3 Extrapolation to Intersection Joint

Using the distances from the intersection joint to the extrapolation node provided on the SCFEX line, the
membrane and bending component stresses are linearly extrapolated.
Thus, at A00H, SX = -0.0443 + 0.583*(-0.0443+0.0435)/(1.258-0.583) = -0.0450
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3.10.4 SCF Calculation
To calculate the SCF, the numerically maximum principal stress at the top surface of the plate is used.
For this, the membrane and bending component stresses are superimposed and the principal stress is
calculated from the combined component stresses.
𝑆𝑋𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏 + 𝑆𝑌𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏 𝑆𝑋𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏 − 𝑆𝑌𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏 2

𝑆𝑃1,2 = ± √( ) + (𝑇𝑋𝑌𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏 )2
2 2
The numerically maximum principal stress is reported as ‘TOP SP’. This is divided by the nominal stress
input on the SCFNS line to get the SCF at the intersection joint.
Thus, for the example, SXcomb = -0.045 - 0.0419 = -0.0869,
SYcomb = -0.0244 - 0.0482 = -0.0726, TXYcomb = 0.0 + 0.0085 = 0.0085.
SP1,2 = -0.0686, -0.0909. Hence, TOP SP = -0.0909.
From the SCFNS line,
Nominal stress = 0.0187. Hence, SCF = -0.0909/0.0187 = -4.8542
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4 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
The structure shown in the figure was used to demonstrate the various capabilities of the Post program.
Three separate post processing analyses are illustrated:
1. The first sample problem is a typical stress analysis code check for an in place analysis. Some of
the report, allowable stress modifier, output load case selection and redesign capabilities are
illustrated. The element stresses were evaluated per the API-RP2A 20th Edition and AISC 9th
Edition codes.
2. Sample Problem 2 illustrates some of the program override capabilities. Group property data
and code check parameters for certain members were overridden for this execution.
3. In Sample Problem 3, a new solution file was created. Only results for the deck elements
designated in the Post input file were retained in the new solution file.
4.1 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1

The following sample problem is a typical code check analysis per API RP2A and AISC codes. Only results
for load case 3 will be output and the allowable stress will be factored by 1.333. Beam elements with
unity check ratio exceeding 1.0 were redesigned.
Below is the optional Post input file for this sample problem followed by an explanation of the input
lines used.
Note: The Post input file shown below is not required if all of the required post processing data is
specified in the SACS model file.
A. The first line, the OPTIONS line specifies the post processing options:
a. API RP2A 20th and AISC 9th Edition codes are to be used (UC in columns 25-26).
b. English units are designated in columns 14-15.
c. Non-segmented beams are to be divided into two parts for stress and code check. Each
segment of segmented elements is to be considered as one part for stress and code check
purposes.
d.
92

e. Unity check range, stress at the maximum UC and joint reaction reports are requested by
‘PT’ in columns 47-48, 49-50 and 59-60, respectively.
Note: Default unity ranges will be used for the unity check range reports since no UCPART line is
specified.
B. The LCSEL line specifies that results for only load case 3 are to be determined and reported.
C. The following redesign parameters are designated on the REDESIGN line:
a. ‘FILE’ in columns 11-14 stipulates that non-tubular sections available for redesign are
located in an external member library file.
b. Only member size increases are to be performed as designated by ‘INCR’ in cols. 16-19.
c. By default, members should be redesigned based on minimum weight with constant depth
or OD (‘MWFD’ in columns 21-24).
d. The outside diameter and the wall thickness increments are 2 and 0.125, respectively.
e. Default values for maximum and minimum D/t ratios in addition to maximum Kl/r are to be
used.
f. The minimum wall thickness for tubular members is 0.25 as entered in columns 71-75.
D. Allowable stresses calculated for load case 3 shall be factored by 1.333 as specified on the AMOD
line.
E. Members 465-466, 467-468 and 468-469 are excluded from the output.
F. Members assigned to group ‘DB2’ are excluded from the output.
The ensuing pages contain a portion of the post processing analysis output.
93

94

95

96

Post redesigned member group PL1 from 24.0 x 0.50 to 24.00 x 1.125 and group PL2 from 24.0 x
0.50 to 24.00 x 0.875. An updated SACS model file, called the output structural data file, consisting of
the SACS model including the redesigned groups was also created by the program. A portion of the OCI
file is below.
Note: Notice that the GRUP lines for PL1 and PL2 have been updated to reflect the redesign. The
modified GRUP lines for PL1 and PL2 are underlined.
97

98

Sample Problem 2 illustrates the ability to override properties in the common solution file and
recalculate stresses and code check results for the structural elements reflecting any modified
properties.
The SACS model file from Sample Problem 1 was used. The properties for member group ‘DK1’ and
member 203-209 were overridden for this execution. Member group ‘DK1’ is to be assigned to section
label W36X135, the unbraced length of compression flange is to be changed to 3.5 and the Kz factor is
to be 3.0. The Kz factor for member 203-209 is to be 1.6.
Below is the Post input file for this sample problem followed by an explanation of the input lines used.
A. The OPTIONS line specifies the same options used in Sample Problem 1 and specifies the following
options:
purposes.
d. Unity check range, stress at the maximum UC and joint reaction reports are requested by
Note: Default unity ranges will be used for the unity check range reports since no UCPART line is
specified.
B. The LCSEL line specifies that results for only load case 3 are to be determined and reported.
C. Allowable stresses calculated for load case 3 shall be factored by 1.333 as specified on the AMOD
line.
D. The GRUP line specified, assigns the properties to be used for post processing of group ‘DK1’.
Properties for this group contained in the solution file will be overridden by the following:
a. The group section label is changed to section W36X135 columns 10-16.
b. The Kz factor was specified as 3.0 in columns 56-59.
99

c. The unbraced length of the compression flange was changed to 3.5 in columns 60-64.
d. The values for all other properties were copied from the original GRUP line and respecified.
Note: All properties pertinent for stress and code check calculations must be specified on the GRUP
line, whether they have been modified or not.
E. The MEMBER line was used to override the Ky and Kz values for member 203-207. The member was
also broken into three parts for code check output purposes as designated by ‘3’ in columns 71-72.
The following is a portion of the output listing file. Although results were reported for all elements, only
the results reflecting the changes in group DK1 and member 203-209 are shown.
100

101

In Sample Problem 3, results for the deck beam elements and the deck legs were extracted from the
common solution file. The new solution file contains results only for elements assigned to groups DK1,
DK2, HB3 and PL3 as designated in the Post input file.
Below is the Post input file used to create the new solution file followed by a detailed description of the
input lines.
A. The PSTOPT line specifies the post file utility options, namely:
a. Extract mode is selected so that the new solution file contains only elements of groups
specified in the input file (‘EXT’ in columns 8-10).
b. No element sorting is to be done (‘NST’ columns 12-14).
c. ‘NOX’ in columns 16-18 designates that solution file data will be extracted to create the new
solution file without any post processing.
B. The OPTIONS line specifies the same options used in Sample Problems 1 and 2, namely:
purposes.
d. Unity check range, stress at the maximum UC and joint reaction reports are requested by
C. Allowable stresses calculated for load case 3 shall be factored by 1.333 as specified on the AMOD
line.
D. – G. The GRUP lines specified designate that only members belonging to groups DK1, DK2, HB3
and PL3 are to be extracted from the common solution file.
The following is a portion of the output listing file for Sample Problem 3.
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103

5 OUTPUT REPORTS
This appendix contains descriptions and samples of the output reports created by the Post program
module.
5.1 REPORT DESCRIPTIONS

5.1.1 Reaction Report
The Reaction Report contains joint reactions for joint degrees of freedom that are fixed to ground.
Reactions for degrees of freedom with a spring rate are listed in the Spring Forces and Moment report.
Reactions for pilehead joints are not shown when executing a nonlinear pile structure interaction
analysis or when a super element is attached to the pilehead joint since the joint is considered free in
these cases.
5.1.2 Spring Forces and Moment Report

The Spring Forces and Moment Report contains reactions for joint degrees of freedom that have a
spring rate assigned.
5.1.3 Joint Deflection and Rotation Report

The Joint Deflection and Rotation Report contains the displacements for joint translational degrees of
freedom that are free to translate and rotations for joint rotational degrees of freedom that are free to
rotate.
5.1.4 Plate Stress Detail Report

This report contains the direct stresses resulting from out of plane bending and membrane (non-shear)
stresses reported at the plate neutral axis. Bending stresses are given at the upper surface of the plate
(positive local z direction) in the plate local coordinate system. The maximum principal stress and
maximum shear stress for the combined membrane and bending stress are also given along with unity
check values based on these stresses. The stress in plate stiffeners are reported if applicable.
The following membrane stresses and stresses due to bending are reported: Shear in the local X
direction (Sx), Shear in the local Y direction (Sy), Shear in the XY plane (Txy), Pricipal (SP) and Maximum
(Tmax). Plate stiffener stresses at the top (S+Z) and bottom (S-Z) are reported if applicable.
5.1.5 Plate Stress Summary Report

This report contains the direct stresses resulting from out of plane bending and membrane (non-shear)
stresses reported at the plate neutral axis for the load case causing the highest unity check ratio.
Bending stresses are given at the upper surface of the plate (positive local z direction) in the plate local
coordinate system.
direction (Sx), Shear in the local Y direction (Sy), Shear in the XY plane (Txy), Principal (SP) and Maximum
(Tmax).
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Note: The unity check ratio of plates is based on the maximum principal stress and maximum shear
stress.
5.1.6 Plate Stress Unity Check Range Summary

This report contains three unity check ranges in which plates are grouped based on the highest unity
check ratio for the plate. It contains the direct stresses resulting from out of plane bending and
membrane stresses reported at the plate neutral axis for the load case causing the highest unity check
ratio. Bending stresses are given at the upper surface of the plate (positive local z direction) in the plate
local coordinate system.
direction (Sx), Shear in the local Y direction (Sy), Shear in the XY plane (Txy), Pricipal (SP) and Maximum
(Tmax).
5.1.7 Member Detail Report

This report contains results at various positions along the member for each load case selected. Axial
force (Fx), shear force in the local Y (Fy) and Z (Fz) directions, torsion (Mx) and moment about the local Y
(My) and Z (Mz) axes are reported along with direct axial stress and bending stress due to moment
about the local Y and Z axes. The bending stress reported does not include the effects of torsion (i.e.
flange differential bending).
The combined stress from direct axial and bending stress is reported as is the combined shear stress.
The combined stresses reported do not include the bending or shear stress resulting from torsion
although these stresses are added when determining the unity check ratio. The highest unity check ratio
and controlling condition are also noted.
Note: Bending stress for cross sections that are not symmetric (i.e. Prismatic with YY shift, Tee section,
etc.) is reported at the location in the cross section that yields the highest unity check ratio for that load
case.
Note: For ultimate strength design codes, an effective axial stress determined by dividing the axial load
by the cross section area is reported. Effective bending stress is determined by dividing the bending
moment by the section modulus.
5.1.8 Member Forces and Moments Report

This report contains member forces in the direction of the X (axial), Y (shear) and Z (shear) local member
axes at various locations along the length of the member. The moment about the X (torsion), Y and Z
local axes are also reported.
5.1.9 Element Stress at Maximum Unity Check Report

This report contains member stress details for the load case with the highest unity check ratio.
Direct axial stress, bending stress due to moment about the local Y and Z axes and shear stress along the
local Y and Z axes are reported. The bending and shear stresses reported do not include stress due to
torsion. The unity check ratios for the load case causing the second and third highest unity check ratios
are also reported.
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case.
5.1.10 Element Unity Check Report

This report contains unity check components or interaction ratios for Euler buckling about the local Y
axis (Y-Y) and local Z axis (Z-Z) along with shear along the local Y and Z axes. Euler buckling allowables
are based on the effective slenderness ratios (kl/r) reported for each axis. Shear unity check components
include the total shear including any due to torsion.
Note: For segmented elements the effective slenderness is determined from the buckling load Pb as
follows:
The bending unity check component reported includes the total bending including any applicable flange
bending due to torsion. For non-tubular members, the total bending about the axis in question is divided
by the allowable or capacity. For tubular members, the unity check component about the local Y and Z
axes are backed out based on the total bending unity check ratio as follows:
where UCfby is the component for bending about the Y axis (or Z axis) and UC fb is the bending resultant
unity check ratio.
The total UC ratio is simply the addition of the bending and axial components.
Note: All unity check components include the effects of applicable allowable stress modifiers and/or
reduction factors (i.e. AMOD, Q, p-delta, moment magnification, etc.).
5.1.11 Member Internal Loads Summary Report

The Member Internal Loads summary lists the member forces for the position along the member and
load case causing the highest interaction ratio. Axial and shear forces are reported in the member local
X, Y and Z directions, respectively. Torsion, moment about the local Y and local Z axes are also included.
5.1.12 Member Unity Check Range Summary

This report contains three unity check ranges in which beam elements are grouped based on the highest
unity check ratio for the member. It contains direct axial stress, bending stress due to moment about the
local Y and Z axes and shear stress along the local Y and Z axes. The bending and shear stresses reported
106

do not include stress due to torsion. The unity check ratios for the load case causing the second and
third highest unity check ratios are also reported.
case.
5.1.13 Member Group Summary

This report contains the results for the critical beam element of each property group (based on highest
unity check ratio). Direct axial and bending stress about the local Y and Z axes are included. Bending
stresses do not include stress due to torsion. For cross sections that are not symmetric (i.e. Prismatic
with YY shift, Tee section, etc.), the bending stress is shown at the position that yields the highest unity
check ratio for the controlling load case.
The Euler, axial and bending about local Y and Z axes allowables are included. The allowables include the
effects of applicable allowable stress modifiers and/or reduction factors (i.e. AMOD, Q, p-delta, moment
magnification, etc.). The effective buckling lengths used to determine the buckling allowable are also
included.
Note: For segmented elements the effective slenderness is determined from the buckling load Pb as
follows:
Note: For ultimate strength design codes, an effective allowable axial stress determined by dividing the
axial capacity by the cross section area is reported. Effective allowable bending stress is determined by
dividing the bending capacity by the section modulus. The effective allowable bending stress value
reported may exceed the yield stress when plastic design is permitted.
5.1.14 Hotspot SCF Report

This report contains the hotspot SCFs calculated at all the intersection joints, the brace/chord location of
the intersection joint, the average joint stresses at the extrapolation joints and the extrapolated stresses
at the intersection joint. Also displayed are the distances of the extrapolation joints from the
intersection joint. The average joint stresses are of the same type as plate stresses. Other stresses
reported are the numerically largest principal stress (Top SP) at the upper surface (positive local z
direction of the extrapolation coordinate system) and the nominal stress at the intersection joint.
5.1.15 Hotspot Plate Stress Detail Report

This report contains the plate stresses of all plates included for SCF calculations. The report contains the
plate stresses in the plate local coordinate system (Ref Sys ‘O’) and the extrapolation coordinate system
(Ref Sys ‘R’). Also reported is the rotation angle between the two coordinate systems.
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6 INPUT LINES
108

SACS IV OPTIONS LINE PART 1
COLUMNS COMMENTARY __________________________ COLUMNS COMMENTARY ___________________________
(27-28) ENTER 'JT' TO EVALUATE BRACE STRESS AND CODE CHECK AT THE
GENERAL THIS LINE CONTROLS THE INPUT, ANALYSIS AND OUTPUT OPTIONS. FACE OF THE CHORD RATHER THAN AT THE JOINT NODE OR 'JO' FOR
STRESSES AT THE JOINTS ONLY (USED FOR EARTHQUAKE ANALYSIS).
( 1- 7) ENTER 'OPTIONS' ON THIS LINE. NO HEADER LINE IS REQUIRED. ENTER 'CO' TO SEARCH AND REPORT THE MOST CRITICAL STRESS AND
DO CODE CHECK, OR ENTER 'CT' TO CONSIDER JOINT THICKNESS WITH
( 9 ) ENTER 'I' IF A SUPERELEMENT IS TO BE INPUT FROM A FILE. SAME FUNCTION AS 'CO'.
( 10 ) ENTER 'C' IF THIS RUN IS A SUPERELEMENT CREATION RUN. THE (29-30) NUMBER OF POST PROCESSING PARTS FOR NON-SEGMENTED MEMBERS.
STRUCTURE WILL BE CONDENSED TO A SUPERELEMENT LIMITED TO 300 STRESS AND CODE CHECK ARE PERFORMED AT END OF EACH PART (20
RETAINED JOINTS WITH '222222' IN COLUMNS 55-60 OF THE 'JOINT' MAXIMUM).
LINE.
(31-32) NUMBER OF POST PROCESSING PARTS PER SEGMENT FOR SEGMENTED
(14-15) ENTER 'EN' FOR ENGLISH UNITS, 'MN' FOR METRIC (KILONEWTONS MEMBERS (2 MAXIMUM).
FORCE UNIT), OR 'ME' FOR METRIC (KILOGRAMS FORCE UNIT).
( 33 ) ENTER 'B' FOR END MOMENT Cb CALCULATION. DEFAULT Cb = 1.0.
(17-18) ENTER 'PD' TO INCLUDE SECOND ORDER P-DELTA EFFECTS.
ENTER 'P2' TO INCLUDE THE FULL GEOMETRIC STIFFNESS MATRIX FOR ( 34 ) ENTER 'M' TO EXCLUDE MOMENT MAGNIFICATION FROM THE API
P-DELTA EFFECTS. COMBINED STRESS UNITY CHECK CALCULATION. ENTER 'C' TO INCLUDE
MOMENT MAGNIFICATION AND TO GLOBALLY SET Cm = 1.0.
(21-22) ENTER 'FX' IF MEMBER RELEASES ON 'MEMBER' LINES ARE TO BE
IGNORED. ( 35 ) ENTER 'A' FOR API BULL 2V PANEL CHECK; ENTER 'D'
FOR DNV-RP-C201
(23-24) ENTER 'SD' TO INCLUDE SHEAR DEFORMATION EFFECTS IN MEMBERS. PANEL CHECK. LEAVE BLANK TO NOT USE PLATE PANEL CHECK.
(25-26) ENTER 'UC' FOR WSD AISC 9TH / API-RP2A 21ST EDITION CODES. (36-37) ENTER 'DC' TO USE DKT THIN PLATE THEORY FOR PLATE ELEMENTS
ENTER 'AA' FOR WSD AISC 13TH / API-RP2A 21ST EDITION CODES. WITH REPORTING AT CENTER OF PLATES.
ENTER '19' FOR WSD AISC 9TH / API-RP2A 19TH EDITION CODES. ENTER 'DK' TO USE DKT THIN PLATE THEORY FOR PLATE ELEMENTS
ENTER '16' FOR WSD AISC 9TH / API-RP2A 16TH EDITION CODES. WITH REPORTING AT CENTER OF PLATES AND AT PLATE JOINTS.
ENTER '10' FOR WSD AISC 9TH / API-RP2A 10TH EDITION CODES. ENTER 'ND' TO USE TRADITIONAL SACS PLATE THEORY WITH
ENTER 'AL' FOR LRFD AISC 13TH / API-RP2A 1ST EDITION CODES. REPORTING AT CENTER OF PLATES.
ENTER 'LR' FOR LRFD AISC 1ST / API-RP2A 1ST EDITION CODES.
ENTER 'L2' FOR LRFD AISC 2ND / API-RP2A 1ST EDITION CODES. (38-39) ENTER 'CP' TO HAVE PLATE ELEMENTS CHECKED FOR COINCIDENT
ENTER 'L3' FOR LRFD AISC 3RD / API-RP2A 1ST EDITION CODES. NODES, ASPECT RATIO, COPLANARITY OF NODES, AND REENTRANT
ENTER 'LG' FOR LINEAR GLOBAL ANALYSIS - API 21ST EDITION CODES. ANGLES.
ENTER 'EC' FOR EUROCODE 3 (1992) WITH NORSOK 2004 N-004. ( 40 ) ENTER 'C' FOR AISC-LRFD PHI FACTORS FOR NON-TUBULARS. ENTER
ENTER 'E5' FOR EUROCODE 3 (2005) WITH NORSOK 2004 N-004. 'A' FOR API-LRFD OR 'S' FOR API-LRFD SEISMIC PHI FACTORS.
ENTER 'ET' FOR EUROCODE 3 (2005). ALTERNATIVELY, FOR API-AISC-WSD, ENTER 'M' TO REPLACE THE
ENTER 'IS' FOR ISO 19902:2007 ('CODE IS' LINE NEEDED). PLATE GIRDER WEB SLENDERNESS RATIO CHECK WITH 760/SQRT(Fb)
ENTER 'NS' FOR NORSOK STANDARDS 2004 N-004 WITH NS3472. RATHER THAN THE DEFAULT 253/SQRT(Fy).
ENTER 'NC' FOR NORSOK STANDARDS 2013 N-004 WITH EUROCODE
(41-80) SEE SACS IV OPTIONS LINE PART 2.
ENTER 'DC' FOR 1994 DANISH CODE.
ENTER 'D1' FOR 1984 DANISH CODE.
ENTER 'BS' FOR 1990 BS5950 CODE.
ENTER 'CA' FOR 1994/2001 CANADIAN CODE CHECK.
ENTER 'MS' IF MAX. STRESSES ARE REPORTED WITHOUT CODE CHECKS.
ENTER '4A' FOR WSD AISC 14TH / API-RP2A 21ST EDITION CODES.
ENTER '4L' FOR LRFD AISC 14TH /API-RP2A 1ST EDITION CODES.
ENTER 'UB' FOR WSD AISC 9TH / API-RP2A 22ND EDITION CODES.
ENTER 'AB' FOR WSD AISC 13TH / API-RP2A 22ND EDITION CODES.
ENTER '4B' FOR WSD AISC 14TH / API-RP2A 22ND EDITION CODES.
MEMBER
SUPER STIFFNESS STRESS PLATE
UNITS STRESS
ELEMENT ANALYSIS ANALYSIS EXCLUDE PLATE ELEMENT LRFD
LINE 2ND DIVISIONS
Cb MOMENT PANEL OR SEE OPTIONS LINE PART 2
LABEL 'EN' ORDER EXCLUDE INCLUDE CODE
STRESS MAG CHECK THEORY PLATE SLENDER
INP OUT 'MN' MEMBER SHEAR CHECK CONST VARY
OPTIONS OPT CHECK
'ME' RELEASES DEFORM OPTIONS
OPTIONS
1-- 7 9 10 14--15 17--18 21--22 23--24 25--26 27--28 29-->30 31-->32 33 34 35 36--37 38--39 40 41--80
DEFAULT 'EN' 1 1 'DC' 'A'

(55-56) ENTER EITHER 'PT' FOR ELEMENT DETAILS OF ALL ELEMENTS TO BE
GENERAL THIS LINE CONTROLS THE INPUT, ANALYSIS AND OUTPUT OPTIONS. REPORTED OR 'SE' FOR ONLY MEMBERS AND PLATES WITH 'RP'
SPECIFIED ON THE 'MEMBER' OR 'PLATE' LINES.
( 1- 7) ENTER 'OPTIONS' ON THIS LINE. NO HEADER LINE IS REQUIRED.
(57-58) ENTER 'PT' TO CREATE A MEMBER FORCES AND MOMENTS REPORT.
( 8-40) SEE SACS IV OPTIONS LINE PART 1.
(59-60) ENTER 'PT' TO GENERATE JOINT REACTION REPORTS.
(41-42) ENTER 'PT' FOR AN INTERPRETIVE REPORT OF JOINT, MEMBER, AND
PLATE INPUT DATA. (63-64) ENTER 'PT' TO CREATE A STANDARD SUPPLEMENTAL POST FILE, 'NM'
FOR A MEDIUM SUPPLEMENTAL POST FILE, 'MX' FOR A FULL
(43-44) ENTER 'PT' TO INCLUDE ALL INPUT DATA IN THE LISTING FILE OR SUPPLEMENTAL POST FILE OR 'SU' FOR A SIMPLIFIED ULTIMATE
'NL' TO GENERATE THE ECHO WITHOUT LOADING DATA. STRENGTH FILE.
(45-46) ENTER 'PT' TO GENERATE JOINT DISPLACEMENT REPORTS. (67-68) ENTER 'PT' TO PRINT SPECIAL ELEMENT REPORT (PLATE GIRDER,
STIFFENED CYLINDER, STIFFENED BOX) OR 'SK' TO SKIP THIS
(47-54) THESE REPORTS ARE CREATED ONLY IF A CODE IS INPUT IN COLUMNS REPORT. DEFAULT IS ELEMENT DETAIL REPORT DESIGNATION.
25-26.
(69-70) OPTIONAL JOINT FLEXIBILITY IN LINEAR ANALYSIS:
(47-48) GENERATES UP TO THREE REPORTS FOR ELEMENTS. IF A 'UCPART' 'JF' - FESSLER JOINT FLEXIBILITY METHOD.
LINE IS NOT SUPPLIED IN THE MODEL, THE DEFAULT UC RANGES OF 'MF' - MSL JOINT FLEXIBILITY METHOD.
GREATER THAN 1.33, 1.0 TO 1.33 AND 0.0 TO 0.5 ARE REPORTED. 'BF' - SINGLE BRACE METHOD FROM BUITRAGO, HEALY AND CHANG
(49-50) ENTER 'PT' FOR A STRESS REPORT FOR THE CRITICAL LOAD CASE.
( 71 ) ENTER '6' TO UTILIZE SIX DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SOLID ELEMENTS.
(51-52) ENTER 'PT' TO CREATE INTERNAL LOAD REPORT FOR THE CRITICAL OTHERWISE, LEAVE BLANK.
LOAD CASE.
( 72 ) ENTER 'R' TO UTILIZE A MORE ROBUST SOLID JOINT ORDERING
(53-54) ENTER 'PT' TO CREATE UC DETAIL REPORT FOR THE CRITICAL LOAD SCHEME. LEAVE BLANK TO USE THE STANDARD SOLID JOINT ORDERING.
CASE.
OUTPUT REPORTS
SOLID
LINE JOINT SOLID
SEE OPTIONS LINE PART 1 JOINT
LABEL INPUT DATA UNITY CHECK SUMMARIES FORCE SUPP FLEX TYPE
JOINT ELEMENT JOINT SPEC ORDER
AND POST
INTER- DISP UC INT. UC DETAIL REACTION ELEM
ECHO STRESS MOMENT FILE
PRET RANGE LOAD DETAIL
OPTIONS
1-- 7 8--40 41--42 43--44 45--46 47--48 49--50 51--52 53--54 55--56 57--58 59--60 63--64 67--68 69--70 71 72
DEFAULT
EUROCODE OPTION LINE
COLUMNS COMMENTARY __________________________
GENERAL THIS LINE IS USED TO MODIFY THE DEFAULT EUROCODE 3 OPTIONS.

THIS LINE WILL BE IGNORED FOR ALL THE OTHER CODE CHECKS.
THIS LINE SHOULD FOLLOW THE 'OPTION' OR 'CODE IS' LINE.
NOTE:
'E3' STANDS FOR EN 1993-1-1:1992 E.
'E5' STANDS FOR EN 1993-1-1:2005:E (EN 1993-1-5:2006:E).
( 7- 8) ENTER THE CODE CHECK OPTION 'EC'.
(10-11) ENTER THE SHEAR AREA CALCULATION OPTION FROM THE

FOLLOWING:
' ' - LEAVE BLANK FOR STANDARD STATIC
'ST' - FOR STANDARD STATIC
'E3' - TO USE SEC 5.5.6 OF EC3 EN 1993-1-1:1992 E
'E5' - TO USE SEC 6.2.6 OF EC3 EN 1993-1-1:2005:E
(21-26) ENTER GAMMA M0 VALUE USED FOR BOTH 'E3' AND 'E5' CHECK.
(33-33) FOR 'E5' ONLY: IF NATIONAL ANNEX IS NOT USED, ENTER '1' OR '2'
TO APPLY METHOD 1 OR METHOD 2 TO CALCULATE
INTERACTION FACTORS KIJ IN ANNEX A/B.
METHOD 2 IS APPLIED BY DEFAULT. IF UK national annex IS
SELECTED, ENTER '1' TO APPLY METHOD 1 ON DOUBLE SYMMETRIC
SECTIONS ONLY.
(34-35) ENTER NATIONAL ANNEX ID FOR 'E5' CODE CHECK ONLY. IF NONE,
LEAVE BLANK. 'GB'-UK, 'NO'-Norway, 'SG'-Singapore,
'MY'-Malaysia, 'DE'-Germany.
(36-41) ENTER SHEAR BUCKLING FACTOR ETA VALUE USED FOR 'E5' CHECK.
SHEAR
CODE SHEAR INTERACTION NATIONAL
LINE GAMMA M0 GAMMA M1 BUCKLING
CHECK AREA FACTOR ANNEX LEAVE BLANK
LABEL VALUE VALUE ETA
OPTION OPTION OPTION OPTION
VALUE
CODE
1-- 5 7-- 8 10--11 21--26 27--32 33 34--35 36--41 42------80
DEFAULT EC ST 1.1 1.1 2 NONE 1.2

ISO 19902/19901-3 CODE OPTION LINE
GENERAL THIS LINE IS USED TO MODIFY THE DEFAULT ISO 19902:2007(E) AND
ISO 19901-3:2010(E) OPTIONS. THIS LINE WILL BE IGNORED FOR
ALL OTHER CODE CHECKS AND SHOULD FOLLOW THE 'OPTION' LINE.
NOTE: TO SPECIFY THE RESISTANT FACTORS OF NON-TUBULAR MEMBERS,
THE ASSOCIATED 'CODE' LINE (LIKE 'CODE EC' FOR EUROCODE 3) OR
'RFLRFD' LINE MUST BE USED.
( 7- 8) ENTER THE CODE CHECK OPTION 'IS'.
( 9-10) LEAVE BLANK
(11-12) ENTER THE BUILDING CODE (NON-TUBULAR) OPTION FROM THE

FOLLOWING:
'E3' OR ' ' - FOR EUROCODE 3 (EN 1993-1-1:1992 E)
'E5' - FOR EUROCODE 3 (EN 1993-1-1:2005:E)
'AL' - FOR AISC 13th 2005 (AISC 360-05, LRFD METHOD)
'4L' - FOR AISC 14th 2010 (AISC 360-10, LRFD METHOD)
'CA' - FOR CANADIAN CODE CSA/S16-09
'NS' - FOR NS 3472
(13-14) LEAVE BLANK (FOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS)
(15-20) ENTER BUILDING CODE CORRESPONDENCE FACTOR, KC, AS SPECIFIED IN

ANNEX B IN ISO 19901-3:2010(E).
(21-50) ENTER RESISTANCE FACTORS OF TENSION, COMPRESSION, BENDING,

SHEAR, AND HOOP BUCKLING FOR TUBULAR MEMBERS IN ISO 19902.
B B
CODE L NON-TUB L NON-TUB CODE COMPRESSION BENDING SHEAR HOOP
LINE TENSION RF
CHECK A CODE A CORR FACTOR RF RF RF RF LEAVE BLANK
LABEL VALUE
OPTION N OPTION N VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE
K K
CODE
1-- 5 7-- 8 9--10 11--12 13--14 15--20 21--26 27--32 33--38 39--44 45--50 51----80
DEFAULT IS E3 1 1.05 1.18 1.05 1.05 1.25

LOAD CASE SELECTION
GENERAL THIS LINE IS A REPLACEMENT FOR THE 'LDCASE' LINE AND MAY BE
USED TO SPECIFY THE LOAD CASES IN THE SACS IV INPUT FILE THAT
ARE TO BE USED FOR A PARTICULAR ANALYSIS. THIS LINE CAN BE
REPEATED AS OFTEN AS NECESSARY TO SELECT ANY OR ALL OF THE
LOAD CASES AND SHOULD FOLLOW THE 'OPTIONS' LINE IN THE SACS
IV MODEL FILE. NOTE: THIS LINE SHOULD NOT BE USED IN
CONJUNCTION WITH THE 'LDCASE' LINE.
( 7- 8) ENTER THE FUNCTION FOR THE LOAD CASE SELECTION.

' ' - LEAVE BLANK FOR STANDARD AND CONVERT TO MASS
'ST' - USE FOR STANDARD STATIC AND/OR PSI ANALYSIS
'DY' - CONVERT TO MASS FOR DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
'PD' - DESIGNATES GRAVITY LOAD CASES USED TO DETERMINE
P-DELTA EFFECTS FOR SECOND ORDER ANALYSIS AND/OR
MOMENT MAGNIFIERS FOR CONCRETE FIRST ORDER ANALYSIS
LEAVE FUNCTION BLANK IF THE LOAD CASES LISTED ARE TO BE USED
FOR BOTH STANDARD 'ST' AND DYNAMIC 'DY' FUNCTIONS.
(17-75) ENTER THE LOAD CASE IDENTIFIERS FOR ALL LOAD CASES TO BE
SELECTED. THE LOAD CASES CAN BE IN ANY ORDER.
LOAD CASE SELECTION

LINE
FUNCTION
LABEL
1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH 5TH 6TH 7TH 8TH 9TH 10TH 11TH 12TH
LCSEL
1-- 5 7-- 8 17-->20 22-->25 27-->30 32-->35 37-->40 42-->45 47-->50 52-->55 57-->60 62-->65 67-->70 72-->75
REDESIGN OPTIONS (OPTIONAL)
(31-34) ENTER 'NEWF' IF THE INPUT DATA IS TO BE UPDATED WITH NEW
LOCATION THIS LINE FOLLOWS THE 'OPTIONS' LINE. 'GRUP' LINES TO CREATE A NEW SACS IV INPUT FILE.
GENERAL THIS LINE DIRECTS POST TO RESIZE ALL MEMBER GROUPS THAT LIE (36-37) ENTER 'PT' IF THE ORIGINAL GRUP SUMMARY REPORT IS DESIRED.
OUTSIDE A SPECIFIED RANGE OF UNITY CHECKS.
THIS LINE MAY BE FOLLOWED BY OTHER 'REDESIGN' LINES AND MAY (38-39) ENTER 'PT' IF THE CRITICAL MEMBER REDESIGN REPORT IS DESIRED.
BE SPECIFIED IN THE MODEL OR POST INPUT FILE. THIS REPORT TRACKS THE REDESIGN SEQUENCE FOR THE CRITICAL
MEMBER OF EACH GRUP. ENTER 'DG' FOR DIAGNOSTIC PRINT.
( 1- 8) ENTER 'REDESIGN' ON THIS LINE. NO HEADER IS REQUIRED.
(46-50) IF THE MEMBER REDESIGN SELECTION ALLOWS FOR DECREASE IN
(11-14) ENTER 'FILE' IF AN EXTERNAL SECTION FILE IS TO BE USED FOR MEMBER SIZES, THIS PARAMETER PROVIDES A LOWER BOUND FOR
MEMBER REDESIGN SELECTION (FOR EXAMPLE, A SACS IV SECTION ALLOWABLE UNITY CHECKS.
LIBRARY FILE).
ENTER 'NONE' TO SUPPRESS REDESIGN IF THE ORIGINAL MODEL HAD (51-70) FOR TUBULAR MEMBERS WHOSE PROPERTIES ARE NOT SPECIFIED ON A
REDESIGN OPTIONS. 'SECT' LINE, THESE MEMBERS ARE REDESIGNED BY VARYING THE
NOTE: THE 'NONE' OPTION CAN ONLY BE USED IN A POST INPUT FILE. OUTSIDE DIAMETER AND WALL THICKNESS ON THE 'GRUP' LINE USING
THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS:
(16-19) ENTER 'INCR' IF MEMBER SIZES ARE ALLOWED TO INCREASE ONLY. IF
MEMBERS ARE ALLOWED TO DECREASE AS WELL AS INCREASE, LEAVE (51-55) OUTSIDE DIAMETER INCREMENT.
BLANK.
(56-60) WALL THICKNESS INCREMENT.
(21-24) ENTER 'CONS' IF MEMBERS ARE TO MAINTAIN CONSTANT DEPTH OR
OUTSIDE DIAMETER. (61-65) MAXIMUM ALLOWED DIAMETER TO THICKNESS RATIO.
ENTER 'MINW' IF MEMBER REDESIGN SELECTION IS TO BE BASED ON
MINIMUM WEIGHT DESIGN. (66-70) MINIMUM ALLOWED DIAMETER TO THICKNESS RATIO.
ENTER 'MWFD' IF MEMBER REDESIGN SELECTION IS TO BE BASED ON
MINIMUM WEIGHT WITH CONSTANT OUTSIDE DIAMETER. (71-75) MINIMUM TUBULAR WALL THICKNESS (DEFAULT = THICKNESS INCREMENT).
ENTER 'USER' IF MEMBER REDESIGN SELECTION IS TO BE SPECIFIED
BY THE USER BY ORDERING THE 'SECT' LINES IN ASCENDING
STRENGTH ORDER. (76-80) ENTER THE MAJOR AXIS MAXIMUM SLENDERNESS RATIO, KL/R. THIS
VALUE WILL NOT BE EXCEEDED DURING REDESIGN.
GENERAL PARAMETERS PRINT OPTION TUBULAR REDESIGN PARAMETERS

UNITY
LINE CHECK
LABEL LOWER D/T RATIO
REDES. CREATE ORIGINAL CRITICAL BOUND OUTSIDE 'DELTA T' MIN. MAX.
REDES. INCR.
PROCE- NEW GRUP MEMBER DIAMETER THICKNESS WALL MAJOR AXIS
OPTION ONLY
DURE FILE SUMMARY REPORT INCREMENT INCREMENT MAXIMUM MINIMUM THICKNESS KL/R
REDESIGN
1-- 8 11--14 16--19 21--24 31--34 36--37 38--39 46<--50 51<--55 56<--60 61<--65 66<--70 71<--75 76<--80
DEFAULT 0.8 2.0 ENGL 0.125 ENGL 'DELTA T' 120
ENGLISH IN IN 100 20 IN
METRIC CM CM CM
MINOR AXIS REDESIGN LIMIT LINE
GENERAL THIS LINE IS USED TO IMPOSE AN UPPER LIMIT ON THE MINOR AXIS
SLENDERNESS RATIO, KL/R, DURING THE REDESIGN PROCESS.
( 1- 8) ENTER 'REDES2'.
(11-15) ENTER THE MAXIMUM MINOR AXIS SLENDERNESS RATIO PERMITTED

DURING REDESIGN. DEFAULT VALUE IS TWICE THE MAJOR AXIS
SLENDERNESS RATIO ON THE 'REDESIGN' LINE.
(16-20) ENTER THE INCREMENT TO BE USED FOR THE HEIGHT AND FLANGE
WIDTH DURING PLATE GIRDER REDESIGN.
(21-25) ENTER THE INCREMENT TO BE USED FOR THE WEB AND FLANGE
THICKNESS DURING PLATE GIRDER REDESIGN.
PLATE GIRDER REDESIGN

MAXIMUM
LINE
MINOR AXIS HEIGHT WEB AND LEAVE BLANK
LABEL
KL/R RATIO AND FLANGE
WIDTH THICKNESS
INCREMENT INCREMENT
REDES2
1-- 6 11<--15 16<--20 21<--25 26--------80
DEFAULT 1.0 ENGL 0.125 ENGL
ENGLISH IN IN
METRIC CM CM
D/T VERSUS DEPTH REDESIGN LINE
GENERAL THIS LINE IS USED TO IMPOSE AN UPPER LIMIT ON THE DIAMETER TO

THICKNESS RATIO AS A FUNCTION OF WATER DEPTH.
( 7- 8) ENTER THE VERTICAL COORDINATE DIRECTION (POSITIVE UP). VALID

ENTRIES ARE '+X', '-X', '+Y', '-Y', '+Z', '-Z' WITH THE
DEFAULT BEING '+Z'.
( 9-14) ENTER THE WATER DEPTH FOR THIS STRUCTURE.
(15-20) ENTER THE MUDLINE ELEVATION OF THE STRUCTURE (VERTICAL

COORDINATE OF THE MUDLINE).
(21-80) ENTER THE DEPTH VERSUS MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE DIAMETER TO

THICKNESS RATIOS IN ORDER OF INCREASING DEPTHS. IF THE FIRST
DEPTH ENTRY IS GREATER THAN ZERO, THEN THE FIRST D/T ENTRY
WILL BE USED DOWN TO THAT DEPTH. IF THE LAST DEPTH ENTRY IS
LESS THAN THE MAXIMUM DEPTH OF A MEMBER, THEN THE LAST D/T
VALUE WILL BE USED FOR ALL OCCURRENCES BELOW THAT DEPTH. A
LINEAR INTERPOLATION VALUE FOR D/T WILL BE USED FOR MEMBERS
LYING BETWEEN TWO DEPTH ENTRIES.
FIRST ZONE SECOND ZONE THIRD ZONE FOURTH ZONE FIFTH ZONE
LINE VERT. WATER MUDLINE
DEPTH MAXIMUM DEPTH MAXIMUM DEPTH MAXIMUM DEPTH MAXIMUM DEPTH MAXIMUM
LABEL COORD. DEPTH ELEV.
BELOW D/T BELOW D/T BELOW D/T BELOW D/T BELOW D/T
SURFACE RATIO SURFACE RATIO SURFACE RATIO SURFACE RATIO SURFACE RATIO
REDES3
1-- 6 7-- 8 9<--14 15<--20 21<--26 27<--32 33<--38 39<--44 45<--50 51<--56 57<--62 63<--68 69<--74 75<--80
DEFAULT '+Z'
ENGLISH FT FT FT FT FT FT FT
METRIC M M M M M M M
ADDITIONAL TUBULAR REDESIGN DATA LINE
(23-28) ENTER THE MATERIAL DENSITY.
GENERAL THIS LINE IS USED TO PROVIDE OVERALL PARAMETERS FOR USE IN
TUBULAR MEMBER REDESIGN PROCEDURE. (29-33) ENTER THE RING HEIGHT INCREMENT FOR THE DESIGN OF RINGS.
( 1- 6) ENTER 'REDES4'. (34-38) ENTER THE RING THICKNESS INCREMENT FOR THE DESIGN OF RINGS.
( 8-10) SELECT THE REDESIGN PROCEDURE TO BE USED: (39-41) ENTER THE RING TYPE:
'API' - API RP 2A 'INT' - INTERNAL RINGS
'LOH' - BASED ON OTC PAPER 6310 BY MR. J.T. LOH 'EXT' - EXTERNAL RINGS
'NOR' - NO RINGS
( 11 ) SELECT THE METHOD FOR HANDLING CAPPED END FORCES: LEAVE BLANK FOR AUTOMATIC RING LOCATION DETERMINED BY OUTSIDE
'I' - CAPPED END FORCES INCLUDED IN STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS. DIAMETER.
'N' - CAPPED END FORCES NOT INCLUDED IN STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS.
(47-53) ENTER THE COST OF THE TUBULAR MEMBERS WITHOUT RINGS.
(12-16) ENTER THE HOOP COMPRESSION SAFETY FACTOR.
(54-60) ENTER THE COST OF INTERNAL RINGS.
(17-22) ENTER THE TUBULAR OUTSIDE DIAMETER TO AUTOMATICALLY DETERMINE
THE RING TYPE. TUBULAR MEMBERS HAVING DIAMETERS GREATER THAN (61-67) ENTER THE COST OF EXTERNAL RINGS.
THIS VALUE WILL HAVE INTERNAL RINGS; OTHERWISE THE RINGS WILL
BE EXTERNAL. THE RING LOCATION CAN BE OVERRIDDEN AT THE GRUP
LEVEL.
CAPPED HOOP RING REDESIGN PARAMETERS COST PARAMETERS

RING
LINE REDESIGN END COMPRESSION MATERIAL LEAVE
DIAMETER
LABEL PROCEDURE FORCES SAFETY DENSITY HEIGHT THICKNESS RING INTERNAL EXTERNAL BLANK
CUTOFF TUBULAR
METHOD FACTOR INCREMENT INCREMENT TYPE RINGS RINGS
REDES4
1-- 6 8--10 11 12<--16 17<--22 23<--28 29<--33 34<--38 39--41 47<--53 54<--60 61<--67 68--80
DEFAULT 'API' 'N' 2 36.0 ENGL 490.0 ENGL 0.5 ENGL 0.125 ENGL
ENGLISH IN LB/CU.FT IN IN $/TON $/TON $/TON
METRIC CM TONNE/CU.M CM CM $/TONNE $/TONNE $/TONNE

HYDROSTATIC COLLAPSE OPTIONS (OPTIONAL)
(18-19) IF THE 'LDOPT' LINE HAS 'HYD' ENTERED FOR A HYDROSTATIC
LOCATION THIS LINE FOLLOWS THE 'OPTIONS' INPUT LINE. COLLAPSE ANALYSIS IN SEASTATE, THEN THE MEMBER STRESSES DUE
TO AXIAL FORCE AND BENDING ARE NOT AVAILABLE. ENTER 'PA' TO
GENERAL THIS LINE IS USED TO PERFORM A HYDROSTATIC COLLAPSE ANALYSIS. INCLUDE AN AXIAL STRESS EQUAL TO P*D/(4*T).
IF LEFT BLANK THE 'SEASTATE' COLLAPSE ANALYSIS WILL BE BASED
( 1- 5) ENTER 'HYDRO' ON THIS LINE. NO HEADER IS REQUIRED. ON HOOP STRESS ALONE.
( 7- 8) STRUCTURAL VERTICAL COORDINATE (POSITIVE UP). OPTIONS ARE + ( 20 ) ENTER 'I' OR 'R' IF HYDROSTATICS ARE TO BE INCLUDED IN MEMBER
OR - X, Y, OR Z. THE + SIGN NEED NOT BE ENTERED; +Z IS THE UNITY CHECKS. HYDROSTATIC AXIAL LOAD COMPONENT IS SUBTRACTED
DEFAULT. FROM TOTAL AXIAL LOAD FOR RATIONAL METHOD.
( 9-10) ENTER THE CODE CHECK DESIRED. OPTIONS ARE: ENTER 'S' IF AXIAL HYDROSTATIC LOADS ARE TO BE DELETED FROM
'AP' - API-RP2A (WSD OR LRFD FROM 'OPTIONS' LINE) ONLY EULER BUCKLING AMPLIFICATION FOR THE RATIONAL METHOD.
'DN' - DNV RULES
'DC' - DANISH CODE (21-30) ENTER THE WATER DEPTH. DEFAULT IS 0.0 EXCEPT FOR 'SEASTATE'
'NP' - NORWEGIAN PETROLEUM DIRECTORATE ANALYSIS WHERE THE DEFAULT VALUE IS ON THE 'LDOPT' LINE.
'NS' - NORSOK CODE
'IS' - ISO 19902 CODE (31-40) ENTER LOCATION OF MUDLINE WITH RESPECT TO THE VERTICAL
COORDINATE ORIGIN. THE DEFAULT VALUE IS 0.0 EXCEPT FOR
(11-13) ENTER THE TYPE OF RINGS TO BE DESIGNED. OPTIONS ARE: SEASTATE ANALYSIS WHERE THE DEFAULT VALUE IS THE 'LDOPT' VALUE.
'EXT' - EXTERNAL FLATBAR RINGS.
'INT' - INTERNAL FLATBAR RINGS.
(41-50) THIS INFORMATION IS USED IF 'AP' OR ' ' (BLANK) IS IN
(14-15) ENTER 'SM' FOR PRINT WITH ONLY UNITY CHECKS GREATER THAN 1.0. COLUMNS 9-10. THE USER MAY ENTER A SAFETY FACTOR FOR AXIAL
'MN' FOR MINIMUM PRINT WITH ONLY THE MAXIMUM UNITY CHECK. COMPRESSION. API-RP2A REQUIRES A FACTOR BETWEEN 1.67 AND 2.0.
IF LEFT BLANK A VALUE OF 2.0 IS USED.
'FL' FOR FULL PRINT.
(51-60) ENTER THE WATER DENSITY.
(16-17) REDESIGN IS PERFORMED BY CHANGING THE TUBE THICKNESS, OR BY
INCORPORATING FLATBAR RINGS (AISC) OR TEE RINGS (DNV). ENTER (61-80) ENTER THE DIMENSION INCREMENTS TO BE APPLIED AT EACH REDESIGN
THE DESIRED DESIGN OPTION: ITERATION.
'NO' - NO REDESIGN.
'TH' - TUBE THICKNESS CHANGE.
'RG' - RING DESIGN.
'RT' - RING DESIGN AND TUBE THICKNESS CHANGE.
REDESIGN INCREMENTS
RING
SEASTATE INCLUDE IN AXIAL
LOCATION
LINE VERTICAL CODE PRINT REDESIGN AXIAL SACS IV UC WATER MUDLINE COMPRESSION WATER RING OR
'EXT' RING
LABEL COORDINATE SELECTION OPTION OPTION LOAD AND DEPTH ELEVATION SAFETY DENSITY MEMBER
OR HEIGHT
OPTION MARINE OPTION FACTOR THICKNESS
'INT' INCREMENT
INCREMENT
HYDRO
1-- 5 7--> 8 9--10 11--13 14--15 16--17 18--19 20 21<--30 31<--40 41<--50 51<--60 61<--70 71<--80
DEFAULT '+Z' 'AP' 'EXT' 'SM' 2 64.2 ENGL 0.5 ENGL 0.125 ENGL
ENGLISH FT FT LB/CU.FT IN IN
METRIC M M TONNE/CU.M CM CM
HYDROSTATIC COLLAPSE OPTIONS (CONTINUED)
LOCATION THIS LINE FOLLOWS THE 'HYDRO' INPUT LINE.
GENERAL THIS LINE PROVIDES SACS IV ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO CHECK

HYDROSTATIC COLLAPSE OF TUBULAR MEMBERS.
( 1- 6) ENTER 'HYDRO2' ON THIS LINE. THIS IS A ONE LINE SET WITHOUT A

HEADER.
( 8-10) IF UNITY CHECKS ONLY ABOVE A SPECIFIC LEVEL ARE TO BE

INCLUDED IN THE OUTPUT, ENTER 'UCL' HERE.
(11-15) ENTER THE UNITY CHECK LEVEL CUTOFF VALUE.
(16-17) ENTER 'ML' TO USE MEMBER LENGTH AS INITIAL RING SPACING.

ENTER 'IN' TO USE INFINITE LENGTH AS THE INITIAL RING SPACING.
(18-22) ENTER THE GEOMETRIC IMPERFECTION REDUCTION FACTOR USED TO

DETERMINE BUCKLING STRESS.
(23-27) ENTER THE HOOP COMPRESSION SAFETY FACTOR FOR

API WSD ANALYSIS, (DEFAULT 2.0).
ENTER THE LOAD FACTOR OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
FOR API LRFD, NORSOK, ISO 19902 CODES, (DEFAULT 1.30).
UNITY UNITY HOOP

RING IMPERFECTION
LINE CHECK CHECK COMPRESSION
SPACING REDUCTION LEAVE BLANK
LABEL LEVEL LEVEL SAFETY
OPTION FACTOR
OPTION CUTOFF FACTOR
HYDRO2
1-- 6 8-->10 11<--15 16--17 18<--22 23<--27 28------------80
DEFAULT 0.8 'IN' 0.8

LOAD CASE WATER DEPTH OVERRIDE LINE
GENERAL THE 'WDEPTH' LINES ALLOW THE USER TO OVERRIDE, FOR ANY LOAD
CONDITION OR LOAD COMBINATION, THE WATER DEPTH USED IN THE
HYDROSTATIC COLLAPSE ANALYSIS AND CODE CHECKS WHERE
APPLICABLE. THE DEFAULT WATER DEPTH IS TAKEN FROM THE HYDRO
LINE FOR ALL LOAD CASES. IF NO HYDRO LINE IS ENTERED, THEN
THE DEFAULT WATER DEPTH FOR EACH LOAD CASE IS ZERO.
( 1- 6) ENTER 'WDEPTH' ON EACH LINE OF THIS SET. A HEADER LINE IS NOT

REQUIRED.
( 9-12) ENTER THE LOAD CONDITION OR LOAD COMBINATION NAME IN WHICH

THE WATER DEPTH IS TO BE MODIFIED.
(13-19) ENTER THE WATER DEPTH FOR THIS LOAD CASE.
(20-74) ALL ADDITIONAL ENTRIES ARE SIMILAR. THE INPUT DATA IN THIS
LINE SET TERMINATES WHEN A BLANK FIELD IS READ.
FIRST LOAD SECOND LOAD THIRD LOAD FOURTH LOAD FIFTH LOAD SIXTH LOAD
CONDITION CONDITION CONDITION CONDITION CONDITION CONDITION
LINE
LABEL LOAD LOAD LOAD LOAD LOAD LOAD
WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER
DEPTH DEPTH DEPTH DEPTH DEPTH DEPTH
NAME NAME NAME NAME NAME NAME
WDEPTH
1-- 6 9-->12 13<--19 20-->23 24<--30 31-->34 35<--41 42-->45 46<--52 53-->56 57<--63 64-->67 68<--74
DEFAULT
ENGLISH FT FT FT FT FT FT
METRIC M M M M M M
HYDROSTATIC HEAD PROPERTIES
LOCATION THIS LINE FOLLOWS THE 'HYDRO' INPUT LINE IF IT EXISTS.
GENERAL THIS LINE PROVIDES ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REQUIRED TO

CALCULATE THE HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, USED FOR HYDROSTATIC
COLLAPSE, ACCORDING TO API RP2A CRITERIA.
( 1- 5) ENTER 'WHEAD'. NO HEADER IS REQUIRED.
( 7-10) ENTER THE LOAD CONDITION NAME.

NOTE: THIS 4 CHARACTER NAME MUST MATCH THE NAME SPECIFIED ON
THE 'LOADCN' LINE DEFINING THE LOAD CASE INCLUDING ANY BLANK
CHARACTERS.
(19-26) ENTER THE WAVE HEIGHT FOR THIS LOAD CASE.
(27-34) ENTER THE WAVE LENGTH FOR THIS LOAD CASE.
LOAD
LINE WATER WAVE WAVE
CONDITION LEAVE BLANK
LABEL DEPTH HEIGHT LENGTH
NAME
WHEAD
1-- 5 7--10 11<--18 19<--26 27<--34 35--------80
DEFAULT
ENGLISH FT FT FT
METRIC M M M
UNITY CHECK PARTITION LINE (OPTIONAL)
LOCATION THIS LINE FOLLOWS THE 'OPTIONS' LINE.
GENERAL THE GROUP SUMMARY REPORT PRINTS ALL ELEMENTS HAVING UNITY
CHECKS THAT FALL WITHIN DEFINED LIMITS. THESE LIMITS CAN BE
CHANGED FROM THEIR DEFAULT VALUES BY USING THIS LINE. THE
DEFAULT VALUES PRODUCE THE FOLLOWING REPORT PARTITIONS:
(1) ALL ELEMENTS HAVING UNITY CHECKS GREATER THAN 1.33.
(2) ALL ELEMENTS HAVING UNITY CHECKS GREATER OR EQUAL
TO 1.0 BUT LESS THAN 1.33.
(2) ALL ELEMENTS WITH UNITY CHECKS LESS THAN 0.5.
( 1- 6) ENTER 'UCPART' ON THIS LINE. THIS IS A ONE LINE SET WITHOUT A

HEADER LINE.
(11-15) ALL ELEMENTS HAVING UNITY CHECKS GREATER THAN THIS VALUE WILL
BE REPORTED.
(16-20) ALL ELEMENTS HAVING UNITY CHECKS LESS THAN THIS VALUE WILL BE
REPORTED. IF THIS VALUE IS LEFT BLANK, INFINITY WILL BE USED.
NOTE IF BOTH THE LOWER AND UPPER LIMIT VALUES ARE OMITTED THEN
THAT REPORT WILL BE SKIPPED.
(21-30) SAME AS COLUMNS 11-20.
FIRST UNITY CHECK PARTITION SECOND UNITY CHECK PARTITION THIRD UNITY CHECK PARTITION
LINE LEAVE
LABEL LOWER UPPER LOWER UPPER LOWER UPPER BLANK
LIMIT LIMIT LIMIT LIMIT LIMIT LIMIT
UCPART
1-- 6 11<--15 16<--20 21<--25 26<--30 31<--35 36<--40 41--80

ALLOWABLE STRESS MODIFIER/MATERIAL FACTOR
GENERAL AISC/API WSD CODE - THE 'AMOD' LINE ALLOWS THE USER TO MODIFY
THE ALLOWABLE STRESSES FOR ANY LOAD CASE OR LOAD COMBINATION
FOR CODE CHECKING.
NORSOK/NS 3472 CODE/EUROCODE 3/ISO 19902 - THIS LINE IS USED TO

SPECIFY EITHER ULS OR ALS MATERIAL FACTORS FOR EACH LOAD CASE OR
COMBINATION. LOAD CASES WITH AMOD = 2.0 ARE ALS. LOAD CASES WITHOUT
AMOD(DEFAULT) OR AMOD = 1.0 ARE ULS. FOR NS 3472 CODE, USER MAY
DEFINE APPROPRIATE ULS RESISTANCE FACTOR BY ENTERING AMOD = GAMMA
IF NECESSARY. FOR NORSOK CODE, GAMMA IN ULS IS 1.15 AND CANNOT BE
MODIFIED. FOR EUROCODE 3, USER MAY DEFINE ULS GAMMA IN 'CODE EC'
LINE IF NECESSARY.
NPD CODE - THE 1ST ENTRY OF THIS LINE IS USED TO SPECIFY THE MATERIAL
FACTOR FOR ALL LOAD CASES OR COMBINATIONS. DEFAULT FACTOR IS 1.15.
DANISH CODE - THE 1ST AND 2ND AMOD ARE USED TO SPECIFY THE MATERIAL
FACTOR OF PLASTIC YIELD AND ELASITIC MODULUS FOR ALL MEMBERS AND
LOAD CASES, RESPECTIVELY. THE DEFAULT ARE 1.21 AND 1.48 FOR HIGH
SAFETY CLASS. ALSO, PLEASE SEE 'GRUP' DATA.
( 1- 4) ENTER 'AMOD' ON EACH LINE OF THIS SET. FIRST LINE IN THIS SET
SHOULD CONTAIN THE WORD 'AMOD' AS A HEADER.
( 8-11) ENTER THE LOAD CASE OR LOAD COMBINATION NAME WHERE THE
ALLOWABLE STRESS MODIFIER OR MATERIAL FACTOR IS TO BE
SPECIFIED. BASIC LOAD CASE FACTORS DO NOT EFFECT ANY LOAD
COMBINATION USING THOSE BASIC LOAD CASES.
(13-17) ENTER THE ALLOWABLE STRESS MODIFIER OR MATERIAL FACTOR. FOR

EXAMPLE A ONE-THIRD INCREASE IN ALLOWABLE STRESS IS INPUT AS
1.333.
FOR NPD CODE, ENTER THE MATERIAL FACTOR TO BE USED FOR ALL LOAD
CASES. FOR DANISH CODE ENTER THE MATERIAL FACTOR 'GAMMA M' FOR
ALL LOAD CASES.
(18-77) FOR AISC/API WSD OR NORSOK/NPD, ENTER THE LOAD CASE NAMES AND
THE APPROPRIATE ALLOWABLE STRESS MODIFIERS OR MATERIAL
FACTORS FOR EACH LOAD CASE DESIRED. THE INPUT DATA IN THIS
LINE TERMINATES WHEN A BLANK FIELD IS READ.
FIRST LOAD CASE SECOND LOAD CASE THIRD LOAD CASE FOURTH LOAD CASE FIFTH LOAD CASE SIXTH LOAD CASE SEVENTH LOAD CASE
LINE
LOAD ALLOWABLE LOAD ALLOWABLE LOAD ALLOWABLE LOAD ALLOWABLE LOAD ALLOWABLE LOAD ALLOWABLE LOAD ALLOWABLE
LABEL
CASE OR MATERIAL CASE OR MATERIAL CASE OR MATERIAL CASE OR MATERIAL CASE OR MATERIAL CASE OR MATERIAL CASE OR MATERIAL
NAME FACTOR NAME FACTOR NAME FACTOR NAME FACTOR NAME FACTOR NAME FACTOR NAME FACTOR
AMOD
1-- 4 8-->11 13<--17 18-->21 23<--27 28-->31 33<--37 38-->41 43<--47 48-->51 53<--57 58-->61 63<--67 68-->71 73<--77
BRACE DESIGNATION DATA
GENERAL THIS LINE IS USED TO INPUT BRACE DETAILS SO THAT ALTERNATE

"K" FACTORS AND EFFECTIVE BUCKLING LENGTHS CAN BE USED TO
CALCULATE THE ALLOWABLES FOR BUCKLING OUT OF THE BRACE PLANE
WHEN THE MEMBER IS ACTING AS A CHORD OF A "K" BRACE OR AS
PART OF AN "X" BRACE.
( 1- 5) ENTER 'BRACE'.
( 7-14) ENTER THE MEMBER BEGIN AND END JOINTS.
( 15 ) SELECT EITHER 'K' OR 'X' FOR K-BRACE OR X-BRACE RESPECTIVELY.
( 16 ) ENTER THE LOCAL MEMBER AXIS THAT LIES IN THE PLANE OF THE
BRACE.
NOTE: ALLOWABLES FOR BUCKLING ABOUT THIS AXIS WILL BE
CALCULATED BASED ON DATA SPECIFIED IN COLUMNS 17-45.
(17-24) ENTER THE 1ST MEMBER THAT WILL BE CHECKED FOR TENSION.
(25-32) ENTER THE 2ND MEMBER THAT WILL BE CHECKED FOR TENSION. THE
SECOND MEMBER IS REQUIRED FOR K-BRACES AND IS OPTIONAL FOR
X-BRACES.
(33-38) ENTER THE K-FACTOR TO BE USED FOR BUCKLING ALLOWABLE WHEN THE
REFERENCE MEMBER(S) ARE IN TENSION. DEFAULT IS 0.9 FOR
X-BRACE AND 0.8 FOR K-BRACE.
(39-45) ENTER THE EFFECTIVE LENGTH TO BE USED IN THE BUCKLING

ALLOWABLE CALCULATION. LEAVE BLANK TO USE THE ACTUAL LENGTH.
BRACE DETAILS
MEMBER
LINE 1ST MEMBER 2ND MEMBER
LOCAL AXIS LEAVE BLANK
LABEL BRACE K EFFECTIVE
IN BRACE
BEGIN END TYPE BEGIN END BEGIN END FACTOR LENGTH
PLANE
JOINT JOINT JOINT JOINT JOINT JOINT
BRACE
1-- 5 7-->10 11-->14 15 16 17-->20 21-->24 25-->28 29-->32 33<--38 39<--45 46--80
DEFAULT 'Z'
ENGLISH FT
METRIC M
JOINT SELECTION DATA
GENERAL THIS RECORD ALLOWS THE SELECTION OF JOINTS TO BE INCLUDED OR

EXCLUDED IN THIS ANALYSIS. ONLY THOSE ELEMENTS THAT ARE
CONNECTED TO THE INCLUDED JOINTS WILL BE INCLUDED IN THE
RESULTING POSTFILE.
( 8 ) ENTER 'I' TO INCLUDE THESE JOINTS OR 'E' TO EXCLUDE. ALL

JOINT SELECTIONS SHOULD BE INCLUDES OR EXCLUDES AND NOT MIXED.
(12-80) ENTER THE JOINTS TO BE SELECTED.
JOINT SELECTION
LINE SELECTION
LABEL TYPE
1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH 5TH 6TH 7TH 8TH 9TH 10TH 11TH 12TH 13TH 14TH
JNTSEL
1-- 6 8 12--15 17--20 22--25 27--30 32--35 37--40 42--45 47--50 52--55 57--60 62--65 67--70 72--75 77--80
DEFAULT 'I'
MEMBER SELECTION DATA
GENERAL THIS RECORD ALLOWS THE SELECTION OF MEMBERS TO BE INCLUDED OR

EXCLUDED IN THIS ANALYSIS.
( 8 ) ENTER 'I' TO INCLUDE THESE MEMBERS OR 'E' TO EXCLUDE. ALL

MEMBER SELECTIONS SHOULD BE INCLUDES OR EXCLUDES AND NOT MIXED.
(10-80) ENTER THE MEMBER END JOINTS.
NOTE: MEMBERS SPECIFIED IN MEMBER LINE ARE ALREADY INCLUDED AND

SHOULD NOT BE ENTERED HERE AGAIN. THE ORDER OF TWO JOINTS SHOULD
BE THE SAME AS THAT OF THE MEMBER IN SACS MODEL FILE.
MEMBER SELECTION
LINE SELECTION
1ST MEMBER 2ND MEMBER 3RD MEMBER 4TH MEMBER 5TH MEMBER 6TH MEMBER 7TH MEMBER 8TH MEMBER
LABEL TYPE
JOINT A JOINT B JOINT A JOINT B JOINT A JOINT B JOINT A JOINT B JOINT A JOINT B JOINT A JOINT B JOINT A JOINT B JOINT A JOINT B
MEMSEL
1-- 6 8 10--13 14--17 19--22 23--26 28--31 32--35 37--40 41--44 46--49 50--53 55--58 59--62 64--67 68--71 73--76 77--80
DEFAULT 'I'
MEMBER GROUP IDENTIFIER SELECTION DATA
GENERAL THIS RECORD ALLOWS THE SELECTION OF MEMBER GROUPS TO BE

INCLUDED OR EXCLUDED IN THIS ANALYSIS.
( 8 ) ENTER 'I' TO INCLUDE THESE MEMBER GROUPS OR 'E' TO EXCLUDE.

ALL MEMBER GROUP SELECTION SHOULD BE INCLUDES OR EXCLUDES AND
NOT MIXED.
(10-68) ENTER THE MEMBER GROUP IDENTIFIERS.
MEMBER GROUP IDENTIFIER SELECTION

LINE SELECTION
LEAVE BLANK
LABEL TYPE
1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH 5TH 6TH 7TH 8TH 9TH 10TH 11TH 12TH 13TH 14TH 15TH
MGRPSL
1-- 6 8 10--12 14--16 18--20 22--24 26--28 30--32 34--36 38--40 42--44 46--48 50--52 54--56 58--60 62--64 66--68 69--80
DEFAULT 'I'
POST-PROCESSING SPAN DESIGNATION
GENERAL THIS LINE IS USED TO DESIGNATE THE MEMBERS CONSIDERED AS A

SPAN FOR SERVICEABILITY CHECK REPORT. THIS LINE CAN BE
REPEATED AS OFTEN AS NECESSARY TO SELECT AS MANY SPANS AS
REQUIRED. FEATURES AND LIMITATIONS ARE:
1) ANY NUMBER OF MEMBERS CAN BE INCLUDED IN A CONTINUOUS
LINE.
2) CANTILEVER MEMBERS CAN BE ANALYZED BUT MUST BE SPECIFIED
BY THE USER.
3) MOMENT DISCONTINUITIES ARE ALLOWED ALONG THE CONTINUOUS
MEMBER.
4) MOMENT RELEASES (SIMPLE SUPPORTS) ARE ALLOWED AT THE
ENDS OF THE CONTINUOUS MEMBER BUT FORCE RELEASES ARE NOT
ALLOWED.
NOTE:
(1) IF 'EXT' MODE SELECTED IN PSTOPT LINE, ALL MEMBERS IN
SPAN MSUT BE INCLUDED IN GRUP OR MEMBER LINES OF POST
INPUT FILE.
(2) SPAN LINES CANNOT CO-EXIST IN SACS MODEL FILE AND POST
INPUT FILE, AND MUST BE INPUT IN EITHER OF THESE TWO.
( 6-13) ENTER THE SPAN IDENTIFICATION. THIS IS USED ONLY FOR

REPORTING PURPOSES. IF MORE THAN TWELVE JOINTS ARE TO BE
USED, CONTINUE ON THE NEXT LINE WITH THE 'SPAN' IDENTIFIER
LEFT BLANK.
( 14 ) ENTER 'C' IF THIS SPAN IS CONSIDERED A CANTILEVER.
(17-75) ENTER THE JOINTS IN ORDER OF OCCURRENCE IN THE SPAN.
SPAN JOINTS
LINE SPAN CANTILEVER
LABEL ID OPTION
SPAN
1-- 4 6-->13 14 17-->20 22-->25 27-->30 32-->35 37-->40 42-->45 47-->50 52-->55 57-->60 62-->65 67-->70 72-->75
SCF BRACE LOAD CONDITION SPECIFICATION
GENERAL THIS LINE PROVIDES DATA REQUIRED TO CALCULATE THE

FATIGUE STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTORS BY EXTRAPOLATING
THE AVERAGE NODAL PLATE STRESSES TO THE BRACE/CHORD
INTERSECTION. THIS LINE SPECIFIES THE UNIT LOAD CONDITIONS
USED TO CALCULATE THE HOT SPOT STRESS.
( 8- 16) ENTER THE BRACE MEMBER JOINTS
(18-46) ENTER THE LOAD CONDITION NAMES TO BE USED. A SEPARATE

STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR WILL BE CALCULATED FOR
LOAD CONDITION.
BRACE MEMBER LOAD CONDITION

LINE
LEAVE BLANK
LABEL (+) IN PLANE (-) IN PLANE (+) OUT OF PLANE (-) OUT OF PLANE
JOINT A JOINT B (+) AXIAL (-) AXIAL
BENDING BENDING BENDING BENDING
SCFLC
1-- 5 8-->11 13-->16 18--21 23--26 28--31 33--36 38--41 43--46 47--------80
DEFAULT
ENGLISH
METRIC
SCF BRACE NOMINAL STRESSES

FATIGUE STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTORS BY EXTRAPOLATING
THE AVERAGE NODAL PLATE STRESSES TO THE BRACE/CHORD
INTERSECTION. THIS LINE PROVIDES THE NOMINAL STRESSES
USED WITH THE HOT SPOT STRESS TO CALCULATE THE BRACE SCF.
THIS LINE IS TO BE FOLLOWED BY THE 'SCFEX' LINE.
( 7-10) BRACE / CHORD INTERSECTION JOINT
(12-52) ENTER THE BRACE NOMINAL STRESSES BASED ON BEAM

THEORY FOR THE LOAD CONDITIONS SPECIFED IN THE 'SCFLC' LINE.
(54-55) ENTER 'PT' FOR A DETAILED OUTPUT REPORT ON THE SCF CALCULATION
NOMINAL STRESS DETAILED

LINE BRACE / CHORD
OUTPUT LEAVE BLANK
LABEL INTERSECTION JOINT
AXIAL IN PLANE BENDING OUT OF PLANE BENDING REPORT
SCFNS
1-- 5 7-->10 12<--24 26<--38 40<--52 54--55 53--------80
DEFAULT
ENGLISH KSI KSI KSI
METRIC (KN) KN/SQ.CM KN/SQ.CM KN/SQ.CM
METRIC (KG) KG/SQ.CM KG/SQ.CM KG/SQ.CM

SCF HOT SPOT EXTRACTION FROM AVERAGE PLATE NODAL STRESSES

SCF BY EXTRAPOLATING THE AVERAGE NODAL PLATE STRESSES
TO THE BRACE/CHORD INTERSECTION. THIS LINE IS USED TO
CALCULATE THE EXTRAPOLATE HOT SPOT STRESS AT THE
BRACE / CHORD INTERSECTION. THIS LINE IS FOLLOWED BY TWO
SETS OF 'PLTAVG' LINES USED TO AVERAGE THE PLATE NODAL
STRESSES AT JOINT A AND AT JOINT B.
( 7-10) ENTER THE BRACE / CHORD INTERSECTION JOINT
(12- 15) ENTER JOINT A USED TO EXTRAPOLATE THE HOT SPOT

STRESS AT THE BRACE/CHORD INTERSECTION. JOINT A IS THE
NEAREST TO THE BRACE/CHORD INTERSECTION JOINT.
(17- 20) ENTER JOINT B USED TO EXTRAPOLATE THE HOT SPOT

STRESS AT THE BRACE / CHORD INTERSECTION JOINT. JOINT B
IS FARTHEST FROM THE BRACE/CHORD INTERSECTION JOINT.
(22-22) ENTER THE SIDE OF THE INTERSECTION JOINT WHERE THE

SCF IS TO BE CALCULATED.
ENTER 'B' FOR BRACE SIDE
ENTER 'C' FOR CHORD SIDE
(24-30) ENTER THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE BRACE / CHORD

INTERSECTION JOINT AND THE EXTRAPOLATION JOINT A ALONG
THE BRACE OR CHORD SURFACE.
(32-38) ENTER THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE BRACE / CHORD

INTERSECTION JOINT AND THE EXTRAPOLATION JOINT B ALONG
THE BRACE OR CHORD SURFACE.
LINE BRACE / CHORD EXTRAPOLATION EXTRAPOLATION BRACE / CHORD DISTANCE FROM DISTANCE FROM
LEAVE BLANK
LABEL INTERSECTION JOINT JOINT A JOINT B SPECIFICATION INTERSECTION TO JOINT A INTERSECTION TO JOINT B
SCFEX
1-- 5 7-->10 12-->15 17-->20 22 24<--30 32<--38 62--------80
DEFAULT
ENGLISH FT FT
METRIC M M
PLATE NODAL STRESS AVERAGE
GENERAL THIS LINE INDICATED THE JOINT TO BE USED TO AVERAGE

THE PLATE NODAL STRESS. SPECIFIC PLATES TO BE INCLUDED
IN THE AVERAGE CAN BE INDICATED.
( 8-11) ENTER THE JOINT NAME
(32-80) ENTER THE SPECIFIC PLATE NAMES TO BE INCLUDED.

LEAVE BLANK IF ALL PLATES CONNECTED TO JOINT ARE TO
BE INCLUDED.
PLATE NAMES
LINE
JOINT
LABEL
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PLTAVG
1-- 6 8-->11 32--35 37--40 42--45 47--50 52--55 57--60 62--65 67--70 72--75 77--80
DEFAULT
LOAD COMBINATION INPUT
LOCATION LOAD COMBINATIONS FOLLOW THE BASIC LOAD CONDITION DATA.
GENERAL THIS LINE ENABLES THE USER TO GENERATE NEW LOAD CONDITIONS,
EACH DEFINED AS A LINEAR COMBINATION OF FROM ONE TO FORTY
EIGHT BASIC AND/OR OTHER COMBINED LOAD CONDITIONS FOR THIS
ANALYSIS.
( 1- 5) ENTER 'LCOMB' ON ALL LINES DEFINING COMBINATIONS. A HEADER

WITH 'LCOMB' ONLY MUST PRECEDE ANY LOAD COMBINATION DATA.
( 7-10) ENTER THE NAME FOR THE LOAD COMBINATION BEING DEFINED.
(12-15) ENTER THE NAME OF THE LOAD CASE OR COMBINATION TO BE USED AS

THE FIRST LOAD COMPONENT DEFINING THIS COMBINATION.
THE LOAD CONDITIONS BEING COMBINED MAY BE ENTERED IN RANDOM
ORDER.
(16-21) ENTER THE FRACTION OF THE FIRST LOAD CASE TO BE INCLUDED IN

THIS COMBINATION.
(22-71) REPEAT AS NECESSARY FOR THE REMAINING COMPONENTS MAKING UP

THIS COMBINATION.
THIS LINE MAY BE REPEATED TO ENTER A TOTAL OF FORTY EIGHT

LOAD COMPONENTS FOR EACH COMBINATION. EACH ADDITIONAL 'LCOMB'
LINE MUST HAVE THE LOAD COMBINATION NAME SPECIFIED IN COLUMNS
7-10.
COMBI- COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT
LINE LEAVE
NATION LOAD LOAD LOAD LOAD LOAD LOAD
LABEL LOAD LOAD LOAD LOAD LOAD LOAD BLANK
NAME CASE CASE CASE CASE CASE CASE
FACTOR FACTOR FACTOR FACTOR FACTOR FACTOR
LCOMB
1-- 5 7-->10 12-->15 16<--21 22-->25 26<--31 32-->35 36<--41 42-->45 46<--51 52-->55 56<--61 62-->65 66<--71 72--80
DEFAULT 1 1 1 1 1 1
END LINE
LOCATION THIS LINE IS THE LAST LINE IN THE POST INPUT FILE.
GENERAL THE 'END' LINE TERMINATES THE DATA READ BY THE PROGRAM AND IS
REQUIRED.
LINE
REMAINDER OF THIS LINE LEFT BLANK
LABEL
END
1-- 3 4--------------------------80
POST FILE UTILITIES OPTION DATA
GENERAL THIS LINE IS USED ONLY WHEN POST FILE UTILITIES ARE TO BE
PERFORMED. THIS LINE IS ALWAYS REQUIRED FOR PROGRAM EXTRACT
MODE BUT ONLY REQUIRED FOR MODIFY MODE WHEN SPECIAL REPORTS
OR OPTIONS AVAILABLE ON THIS LINE ARE TO BE PERFORMED.
( 8-10) PROGRAM MODE. LEAVE BLANK OR ENTER 'MOD' FOR MODIFICATION

MODE. ALL MEMBERS ARE RETAINED IN THE NEW SOLUTION FILE.
ENTER 'EXT' FOR EXTRACTION MODE WHERE ONLY THOSE MEMBERS THAT
ARE SPECIFIED ON SUSEQUENT GRUP AND/OR MEMBER LINES ARE
RETAINED IN THE NEW SOLUTION FILE.
(12-46) ENTER ANY OF THE FOLLOWING OPTIONS:

'NOX' - NO EXECUTE; THE UPDATED BINARY SOLUTION FILE IS
CREATED, BUT NO FURTHER POST PROCESSING IS DONE.
'NLB' - NO LOCAL BUCKLING ANALYSIS WILL BE DONE FOR TUBULARS.
'AJT' - BRACE STRESSES AND UNITY CHECKS WILL BE EVALUATED AT
THE FACE OF THE CHORD INSTEAD OF AT THE NODES.
'MOR' - A MEMBER OVERRIDE REPORT LISTING THE MODIFIED MEMBER
PROPERTIES WILL BE PRINTED.
'ECH' - INPUT ECHO; THE INPUT LINES TO 'POST' WILL BE LISTED.
'NPT' - THE MODIFIED MEMBER PROPERTIES REPORT WILL NOT BE
PRINTED.
'NST' - IF THE GRUP AND MEMBER LINES ARE INPUT IN THE SAME
ORDER AS THE ORIGINAL SACS IV INPUT FILE.
PROGRAM OPTION OPTION OPTION OPTION OPTION OPTION OPTION OPTION OPTION
LINE
MODE NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER LEAVE THIS FIELD BLANK
LABEL
ONE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE SIX SEVEN EIGHT NINE
PSTOPT
1-- 6 8--10 12--14 16--18 20--22 24--26 28--30 32--34 36--38 40--42 44--46 47--80
DEFAULT 'MOD'
(27-28) ENTER 'JT' TO EVALUATE BRACE STRESS AND CODE CHECK AT THE
GENERAL THIS LINE CONTROLS THE INPUT, ANALYSIS AND OUTPUT OPTIONS. FACE OF THE CHORD RATHER THAN AT THE JOINT NODE OR 'JO' FOR
STRESSES AT THE JOINTS ONLY (USED FOR EARTHQUAKE ANALYSIS).
( 1- 7) ENTER 'OPTIONS' ON THIS LINE. NO HEADER LINE IS REQUIRED. ENTER 'CO' TO SEARCH AND REPORT THE MOST CRITICAL STRESS AND
DO CODE CHECK, OR ENTER 'CT' TO CONSIDER JOINT THICKNESS WITH
( 9 ) ENTER 'I' IF A SUPERELEMENT IS TO BE INPUT FROM A FILE. SAME FUNCTION AS 'CO'.
( 10 ) ENTER 'C' IF THIS RUN IS A SUPERELEMENT CREATION RUN. THE (29-30) NUMBER OF POST PROCESSING PARTS FOR NON-SEGMENTED MEMBERS.
STRUCTURE WILL BE CONDENSED TO A SUPERELEMENT LIMITED TO 300 STRESS AND CODE CHECK ARE PERFORMED AT END OF EACH PART (20
RETAINED JOINTS WITH '222222' IN COLUMNS 55-60 OF THE 'JOINT' MAXIMUM).
LINE.
(31-32) NUMBER OF POST PROCESSING PARTS PER SEGMENT FOR SEGMENTED
(14-15) ENTER 'EN' FOR ENGLISH UNITS, 'MN' FOR METRIC (KILONEWTONS MEMBERS (2 MAXIMUM).
FORCE UNIT), OR 'ME' FOR METRIC (KILOGRAMS FORCE UNIT).
( 33 ) ENTER 'B' FOR END MOMENT Cb CALCULATION. DEFAULT Cb = 1.0.
(17-18) ENTER 'PD' TO INCLUDE SECOND ORDER P-DELTA EFFECTS.
ENTER 'P2' TO INCLUDE THE FULL GEOMETRIC STIFFNESS MATRIX FOR ( 34 ) ENTER 'M' TO EXCLUDE MOMENT MAGNIFICATION FROM THE API
P-DELTA EFFECTS. COMBINED STRESS UNITY CHECK CALCULATION. ENTER 'C' TO INCLUDE
MOMENT MAGNIFICATION AND TO GLOBALLY SET Cm = 1.0.
(21-22) ENTER 'FX' IF MEMBER RELEASES ON 'MEMBER' LINES ARE TO BE
IGNORED. ( 35 ) ENTER 'A' FOR API BULL 2V PANEL CHECK; ENTER 'D'
FOR DNV-RP-C201
(23-24) ENTER 'SD' TO INCLUDE SHEAR DEFORMATION EFFECTS IN MEMBERS. PANEL CHECK. LEAVE BLANK TO NOT USE PLATE PANEL CHECK.
(25-26) ENTER 'UC' FOR WSD AISC 9TH / API-RP2A 21ST EDITION CODES. (36-37) ENTER 'DC' TO USE DKT THIN PLATE THEORY FOR PLATE ELEMENTS
ENTER 'AA' FOR WSD AISC 13TH / API-RP2A 21ST EDITION CODES. WITH REPORTING AT CENTER OF PLATES.
ENTER '19' FOR WSD AISC 9TH / API-RP2A 19TH EDITION CODES. ENTER 'DK' TO USE DKT THIN PLATE THEORY FOR PLATE ELEMENTS
ENTER '16' FOR WSD AISC 9TH / API-RP2A 16TH EDITION CODES. WITH REPORTING AT CENTER OF PLATES AND AT PLATE JOINTS.
ENTER '10' FOR WSD AISC 9TH / API-RP2A 10TH EDITION CODES. ENTER 'ND' TO USE TRADITIONAL SACS PLATE THEORY WITH
ENTER 'AL' FOR LRFD AISC 13TH / API-RP2A 1ST EDITION CODES. REPORTING AT CENTER OF PLATES.
ENTER 'LR' FOR LRFD AISC 1ST / API-RP2A 1ST EDITION CODES.
ENTER 'L2' FOR LRFD AISC 2ND / API-RP2A 1ST EDITION CODES. (38-39) ENTER 'CP' TO HAVE PLATE ELEMENTS CHECKED FOR COINCIDENT
ENTER 'L3' FOR LRFD AISC 3RD / API-RP2A 1ST EDITION CODES. NODES, ASPECT RATIO, COPLANARITY OF NODES, AND REENTRANT
ENTER 'LG' FOR LINEAR GLOBAL ANALYSIS - API 21ST EDITION CODES. ANGLES.
ENTER 'EC' FOR EUROCODE 3 (1992) WITH NORSOK 2004 N-004. ( 40 ) ENTER 'C' FOR AISC-LRFD PHI FACTORS FOR NON-TUBULARS. ENTER
ENTER 'E5' FOR EUROCODE 3 (2005) WITH NORSOK 2004 N-004. 'A' FOR API-LRFD OR 'S' FOR API-LRFD SEISMIC PHI FACTORS.
ENTER 'ET' FOR EUROCODE 3 (2005). ALTERNATIVELY, FOR API-AISC-WSD, ENTER 'M' TO REPLACE THE
ENTER 'IS' FOR ISO 19902:2007 ('CODE IS' LINE NEEDED). PLATE GIRDER WEB SLENDERNESS RATIO CHECK WITH 760/SQRT(Fb)
ENTER 'NS' FOR NORSOK STANDARDS 2004 N-004 WITH NS3472. RATHER THAN THE DEFAULT 253/SQRT(Fy).
ENTER 'NC' FOR NORSOK STANDARDS 2013 N-004 WITH EUROCODE
(41-80) SEE SACS IV OPTIONS LINE PART 2.
ENTER 'DC' FOR 1994 DANISH CODE.
ENTER 'D1' FOR 1984 DANISH CODE.
ENTER 'BS' FOR 1990 BS5950 CODE.
ENTER 'CA' FOR 1994/2001 CANADIAN CODE CHECK.
ENTER 'MS' IF MAX. STRESSES ARE REPORTED WITHOUT CODE CHECKS.
ENTER '4A' FOR WSD AISC 14TH / API-RP2A 21ST EDITION CODES.
ENTER '4L' FOR LRFD AISC 14TH /API-RP2A 1ST EDITION CODES.
ENTER 'UB' FOR WSD AISC 9TH / API-RP2A 22ND EDITION CODES.
ENTER 'AB' FOR WSD AISC 13TH / API-RP2A 22ND EDITION CODES.
ENTER '4B' FOR WSD AISC 14TH / API-RP2A 22ND EDITION CODES.
MEMBER
SUPER STIFFNESS STRESS PLATE
UNITS STRESS
ELEMENT ANALYSIS ANALYSIS EXCLUDE PLATE ELEMENT LRFD
LINE 2ND DIVISIONS
Cb MOMENT PANEL OR SEE OPTIONS LINE PART 2
LABEL 'EN' ORDER EXCLUDE INCLUDE CODE
STRESS MAG CHECK THEORY PLATE SLENDER
INP OUT 'MN' MEMBER SHEAR CHECK CONST VARY
OPTIONS OPT CHECK
'ME' RELEASES DEFORM OPTIONS
OPTIONS
1-- 7 9 10 14--15 17--18 21--22 23--24 25--26 27--28 29-->30 31-->32 33 34 35 36--37 38--39 40 41--80
DEFAULT 'EN' 1 1 'DC' 'A'

(55-56) ENTER EITHER 'PT' FOR ELEMENT DETAILS OF ALL ELEMENTS TO BE
GENERAL THIS LINE CONTROLS THE INPUT, ANALYSIS AND OUTPUT OPTIONS. REPORTED OR 'SE' FOR ONLY MEMBERS AND PLATES WITH 'RP'
SPECIFIED ON THE 'MEMBER' OR 'PLATE' LINES.
( 1- 7) ENTER 'OPTIONS' ON THIS LINE. NO HEADER LINE IS REQUIRED.
(57-58) ENTER 'PT' TO CREATE A MEMBER FORCES AND MOMENTS REPORT.
( 8-40) SEE SACS IV OPTIONS LINE PART 1.
(59-60) ENTER 'PT' TO GENERATE JOINT REACTION REPORTS.
(41-42) ENTER 'PT' FOR AN INTERPRETIVE REPORT OF JOINT, MEMBER, AND
PLATE INPUT DATA. (63-64) ENTER 'PT' TO CREATE A STANDARD SUPPLEMENTAL POST FILE, 'NM'
FOR A MEDIUM SUPPLEMENTAL POST FILE, 'MX' FOR A FULL
(43-44) ENTER 'PT' TO INCLUDE ALL INPUT DATA IN THE LISTING FILE OR SUPPLEMENTAL POST FILE OR 'SU' FOR A SIMPLIFIED ULTIMATE
'NL' TO GENERATE THE ECHO WITHOUT LOADING DATA. STRENGTH FILE.
(45-46) ENTER 'PT' TO GENERATE JOINT DISPLACEMENT REPORTS. (67-68) ENTER 'PT' TO PRINT SPECIAL ELEMENT REPORT (PLATE GIRDER,
STIFFENED CYLINDER, STIFFENED BOX) OR 'SK' TO SKIP THIS
(47-54) THESE REPORTS ARE CREATED ONLY IF A CODE IS INPUT IN COLUMNS REPORT. DEFAULT IS ELEMENT DETAIL REPORT DESIGNATION.
25-26.
(69-70) OPTIONAL JOINT FLEXIBILITY IN LINEAR ANALYSIS:
(47-48) GENERATES UP TO THREE REPORTS FOR ELEMENTS. IF A 'UCPART' 'JF' - FESSLER JOINT FLEXIBILITY METHOD.
LINE IS NOT SUPPLIED IN THE MODEL, THE DEFAULT UC RANGES OF 'MF' - MSL JOINT FLEXIBILITY METHOD.
GREATER THAN 1.33, 1.0 TO 1.33 AND 0.0 TO 0.5 ARE REPORTED. 'BF' - SINGLE BRACE METHOD FROM BUITRAGO, HEALY AND CHANG
(49-50) ENTER 'PT' FOR A STRESS REPORT FOR THE CRITICAL LOAD CASE.
( 71 ) ENTER '6' TO UTILIZE SIX DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SOLID ELEMENTS.
(51-52) ENTER 'PT' TO CREATE INTERNAL LOAD REPORT FOR THE CRITICAL OTHERWISE, LEAVE BLANK.
LOAD CASE.
( 72 ) ENTER 'R' TO UTILIZE A MORE ROBUST SOLID JOINT ORDERING
(53-54) ENTER 'PT' TO CREATE UC DETAIL REPORT FOR THE CRITICAL LOAD SCHEME. LEAVE BLANK TO USE THE STANDARD SOLID JOINT ORDERING.
CASE.
OUTPUT REPORTS
SOLID
LINE JOINT SOLID
SEE OPTIONS LINE PART 1 JOINT
LABEL INPUT DATA UNITY CHECK SUMMARIES FORCE SUPP FLEX TYPE
JOINT ELEMENT JOINT SPEC ORDER
AND POST
INTER- DISP UC INT. UC DETAIL REACTION ELEM
ECHO STRESS MOMENT FILE
PRET RANGE LOAD DETAIL
OPTIONS
1-- 7 8--40 41--42 43--44 45--46 47--48 49--50 51--52 53--54 55--56 57--58 59--60 63--64 67--68 69--70 71 72
DEFAULT
EUROCODE OPTION LINE
GENERAL THIS LINE IS USED TO MODIFY THE DEFAULT EUROCODE 3 OPTIONS.

THIS LINE WILL BE IGNORED FOR ALL THE OTHER CODE CHECKS.
THIS LINE SHOULD FOLLOW THE 'OPTION' OR 'CODE IS' LINE.
NOTE:
'E3' STANDS FOR EN 1993-1-1:1992 E.
'E5' STANDS FOR EN 1993-1-1:2005:E (EN 1993-1-5:2006:E).
( 7- 8) ENTER THE CODE CHECK OPTION 'EC'.
(10-11) ENTER THE SHEAR AREA CALCULATION OPTION FROM THE

FOLLOWING:
' ' - LEAVE BLANK FOR STANDARD STATIC
'ST' - FOR STANDARD STATIC
'E3' - TO USE SEC 5.5.6 OF EC3 EN 1993-1-1:1992 E
'E5' - TO USE SEC 6.2.6 OF EC3 EN 1993-1-1:2005:E
(33-33) FOR 'E5' ONLY: IF NATIONAL ANNEX IS NOT USED, ENTER '1' OR '2'
TO APPLY METHOD 1 OR METHOD 2 TO CALCULATE
INTERACTION FACTORS KIJ IN ANNEX A/B.
METHOD 2 IS APPLIED BY DEFAULT. IF UK national annex IS
SELECTED, ENTER '1' TO APPLY METHOD 1 ON DOUBLE SYMMETRIC
SECTIONS ONLY.
(34-35) ENTER NATIONAL ANNEX ID FOR 'E5' CODE CHECK ONLY. IF NONE,
LEAVE BLANK. 'GB'-UK, 'NO'-Norway, 'SG'-Singapore,
'MY'-Malaysia, 'DE'-Germany.
(36-41) ENTER SHEAR BUCKLING FACTOR ETA VALUE USED FOR 'E5' CHECK.
SHEAR
CODE SHEAR INTERACTION NATIONAL
LINE GAMMA M0 GAMMA M1 BUCKLING
CHECK AREA FACTOR ANNEX LEAVE BLANK
LABEL VALUE VALUE ETA
OPTION OPTION OPTION OPTION
VALUE
CODE
1-- 5 7-- 8 10--11 21--26 27--32 33 34--35 36--41 42------80
DEFAULT EC ST 1.1 1.1 2 NONE 1.2

ISO 19902/19901-3 CODE OPTION LINE
GENERAL THIS LINE IS USED TO MODIFY THE DEFAULT ISO 19902:2007(E) AND
ISO 19901-3:2010(E) OPTIONS. THIS LINE WILL BE IGNORED FOR
ALL OTHER CODE CHECKS AND SHOULD FOLLOW THE 'OPTION' LINE.
NOTE: TO SPECIFY THE RESISTANT FACTORS OF NON-TUBULAR MEMBERS,
THE ASSOCIATED 'CODE' LINE (LIKE 'CODE EC' FOR EUROCODE 3) OR
'RFLRFD' LINE MUST BE USED.
( 7- 8) ENTER THE CODE CHECK OPTION 'IS'.
( 9-10) LEAVE BLANK
(11-12) ENTER THE BUILDING CODE (NON-TUBULAR) OPTION FROM THE

FOLLOWING:
'E3' OR ' ' - FOR EUROCODE 3 (EN 1993-1-1:1992 E)
'E5' - FOR EUROCODE 3 (EN 1993-1-1:2005:E)
'AL' - FOR AISC 13th 2005 (AISC 360-05, LRFD METHOD)
'4L' - FOR AISC 14th 2010 (AISC 360-10, LRFD METHOD)
'CA' - FOR CANADIAN CODE CSA/S16-09
'NS' - FOR NS 3472
(13-14) LEAVE BLANK (FOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS)
(15-20) ENTER BUILDING CODE CORRESPONDENCE FACTOR, KC, AS SPECIFIED IN

ANNEX B IN ISO 19901-3:2010(E).
(21-50) ENTER RESISTANCE FACTORS OF TENSION, COMPRESSION, BENDING,

SHEAR, AND HOOP BUCKLING FOR TUBULAR MEMBERS IN ISO 19902.
B B
CODE L NON-TUB L NON-TUB CODE COMPRESSION BENDING SHEAR HOOP
LINE TENSION RF
CHECK A CODE A CORR FACTOR RF RF RF RF LEAVE BLANK
LABEL VALUE
OPTION N OPTION N VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE
K K
CODE
1-- 5 7-- 8 9--10 11--12 13--14 15--20 21--26 27--32 33--38 39--44 45--50 51----80
DEFAULT IS E3 1 1.05 1.18 1.05 1.05 1.25

LOAD CASE SELECTION
GENERAL THIS LINE IS A REPLACEMENT FOR THE 'LDCASE' LINE AND MAY BE
USED TO SPECIFY THE LOAD CASES IN THE SACS IV INPUT FILE THAT
ARE TO BE USED FOR A PARTICULAR ANALYSIS. THIS LINE CAN BE
REPEATED AS OFTEN AS NECESSARY TO SELECT ANY OR ALL OF THE
LOAD CASES AND SHOULD FOLLOW THE 'OPTIONS' LINE IN THE SACS
IV MODEL FILE. NOTE: THIS LINE SHOULD NOT BE USED IN
CONJUNCTION WITH THE 'LDCASE' LINE.
( 7- 8) ENTER THE FUNCTION FOR THE LOAD CASE SELECTION.

' ' - LEAVE BLANK FOR STANDARD AND CONVERT TO MASS
'ST' - USE FOR STANDARD STATIC AND/OR PSI ANALYSIS
'DY' - CONVERT TO MASS FOR DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
'PD' - DESIGNATES GRAVITY LOAD CASES USED TO DETERMINE
P-DELTA EFFECTS FOR SECOND ORDER ANALYSIS AND/OR
MOMENT MAGNIFIERS FOR CONCRETE FIRST ORDER ANALYSIS
LEAVE FUNCTION BLANK IF THE LOAD CASES LISTED ARE TO BE USED
FOR BOTH STANDARD 'ST' AND DYNAMIC 'DY' FUNCTIONS.
(17-75) ENTER THE LOAD CASE IDENTIFIERS FOR ALL LOAD CASES TO BE
SELECTED. THE LOAD CASES CAN BE IN ANY ORDER.
LOAD CASE SELECTION

LINE
FUNCTION
LABEL
LCSEL
1-- 5 7-- 8 17-->20 22-->25 27-->30 32-->35 37-->40 42-->45 47-->50 52-->55 57-->60 62-->65 67-->70 72-->75
CONCRETE OPTIONS (OPTIONAL)
LOCATION THIS RECORD FOLLOWS THE SACS IV 'OPTIONS' RECORD.
GENERAL THIS RECORD ALLOWS THE USER TO SELECT THE VARIOUS ANALYSIS
AND OUTPUT REPORTING OPTIONS FOR THE CONCRETE PORTION OF THE
ANALYSIS.
( 1- 6) ENTER 'CNCOPT'. THIS IS A ONE LINE SET WITHOUT A HEADER.
(13-14) ENTER THE DESIRED ANALYSIS OPTION FROM THE FOLLOWING OVERALL
ANALYSIS OPTION:
'BR' - 1ST ORDER ANALYSIS BRACED AGAINST SIDESWAY (DEFAULT)
'UN' - 1ST ORDER ANALYSIS UNBRACED AGAINST SIDESWAY
'NL' - NONLINEAR 2ND ORDER ANALYSIS OPTION
'NP' - NONLINEAR 2ND ORDER ANALYSIS OPTION INCLUDING PSI
(33-52) SELECT THE DESIRED OUTPUT OPTIONS FROM THE FOLLOWING:

'CD' - COLUMN MEMBER DETAILED PRINT.
'SM' - CONCRETE MEMBER SUPER DETAILED PRINT.
'BD' - BEAM MEMBER DETAILED PRINT.
'EL' - ELEMENT UNITY CHECK REPORT.
'UR' - UNITY CHECK RANGE REPORT.
'CO' - CONCRETE PRINT ONLY. EXCLUDES NON-CONCRETE ELEMENTS
FROM INTERNAL LOAD AND MEMBER END FORCE REPORTS
DESIGNATED ON THE 'OPTIONS' LINE.
'SW' - SUPPRESS WARNING MESSAGES.
'SD' - SLAB DETAILED PRINT.
'SS' - SIDESWAY SUPER DETAILED PRINT.
(71-75) ENTER THE SIDESWAY MOMENT MAGNIFICATION FACTOR. FOR UNBRACED

1ST ORDER ANALYSIS ('UN'), ALL MOMENTS DUE TO NON-DEAD LOADS
ARE FACTORED BY THIS VALUE.
REPORT SELECTIONS SIDESWAY

LINE ANALYSIS LEAVE
MOMENT
LABEL OPTION BLANK
1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH 5TH 6TH 7TH MAGNIFIER
CNCOPT
1-- 6 13--14 33--34 36--37 39--40 42--43 45--46 48--49 51--52 71<--75 76--80
DEFAULT 'BR' 1
REDESIGN OPTIONS (OPTIONAL)
(31-34) ENTER 'NEWF' IF THE INPUT DATA IS TO BE UPDATED WITH NEW
LOCATION THIS LINE FOLLOWS THE 'OPTIONS' LINE. 'GRUP' LINES TO CREATE A NEW SACS IV INPUT FILE.
GENERAL THIS LINE DIRECTS POST TO RESIZE ALL MEMBER GROUPS THAT LIE (36-37) ENTER 'PT' IF THE ORIGINAL GRUP SUMMARY REPORT IS DESIRED.
OUTSIDE A SPECIFIED RANGE OF UNITY CHECKS.
THIS LINE MAY BE FOLLOWED BY OTHER 'REDESIGN' LINES AND MAY (38-39) ENTER 'PT' IF THE CRITICAL MEMBER REDESIGN REPORT IS DESIRED.
BE SPECIFIED IN THE MODEL OR POST INPUT FILE. THIS REPORT TRACKS THE REDESIGN SEQUENCE FOR THE CRITICAL
MEMBER OF EACH GRUP. ENTER 'DG' FOR DIAGNOSTIC PRINT.
( 1- 8) ENTER 'REDESIGN' ON THIS LINE. NO HEADER IS REQUIRED.
(46-50) IF THE MEMBER REDESIGN SELECTION ALLOWS FOR DECREASE IN
(11-14) ENTER 'FILE' IF AN EXTERNAL SECTION FILE IS TO BE USED FOR MEMBER SIZES, THIS PARAMETER PROVIDES A LOWER BOUND FOR
MEMBER REDESIGN SELECTION (FOR EXAMPLE, A SACS IV SECTION ALLOWABLE UNITY CHECKS.
LIBRARY FILE).
ENTER 'NONE' TO SUPPRESS REDESIGN IF THE ORIGINAL MODEL HAD (51-70) FOR TUBULAR MEMBERS WHOSE PROPERTIES ARE NOT SPECIFIED ON A
REDESIGN OPTIONS. 'SECT' LINE, THESE MEMBERS ARE REDESIGNED BY VARYING THE
NOTE: THE 'NONE' OPTION CAN ONLY BE USED IN A POST INPUT FILE. OUTSIDE DIAMETER AND WALL THICKNESS ON THE 'GRUP' LINE USING
THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS:
(16-19) ENTER 'INCR' IF MEMBER SIZES ARE ALLOWED TO INCREASE ONLY. IF
MEMBERS ARE ALLOWED TO DECREASE AS WELL AS INCREASE, LEAVE (51-55) OUTSIDE DIAMETER INCREMENT.
BLANK.
(56-60) WALL THICKNESS INCREMENT.
(21-24) ENTER 'CONS' IF MEMBERS ARE TO MAINTAIN CONSTANT DEPTH OR
OUTSIDE DIAMETER. (61-65) MAXIMUM ALLOWED DIAMETER TO THICKNESS RATIO.
ENTER 'MINW' IF MEMBER REDESIGN SELECTION IS TO BE BASED ON
MINIMUM WEIGHT DESIGN. (66-70) MINIMUM ALLOWED DIAMETER TO THICKNESS RATIO.
ENTER 'MWFD' IF MEMBER REDESIGN SELECTION IS TO BE BASED ON
MINIMUM WEIGHT WITH CONSTANT OUTSIDE DIAMETER. (71-75) MINIMUM TUBULAR WALL THICKNESS (DEFAULT = THICKNESS INCREMENT).
ENTER 'USER' IF MEMBER REDESIGN SELECTION IS TO BE SPECIFIED
BY THE USER BY ORDERING THE 'SECT' LINES IN ASCENDING
STRENGTH ORDER. (76-80) ENTER THE MAJOR AXIS MAXIMUM SLENDERNESS RATIO, KL/R. THIS
VALUE WILL NOT BE EXCEEDED DURING REDESIGN.
GENERAL PARAMETERS PRINT OPTION TUBULAR REDESIGN PARAMETERS

UNITY
LINE CHECK
LABEL LOWER D/T RATIO
REDES. CREATE ORIGINAL CRITICAL BOUND OUTSIDE 'DELTA T' MIN. MAX.
REDES. INCR.
PROCE- NEW GRUP MEMBER DIAMETER THICKNESS WALL MAJOR AXIS
OPTION ONLY
DURE FILE SUMMARY REPORT INCREMENT INCREMENT MAXIMUM MINIMUM THICKNESS KL/R
REDESIGN
1-- 8 11--14 16--19 21--24 31--34 36--37 38--39 46<--50 51<--55 56<--60 61<--65 66<--70 71<--75 76<--80
DEFAULT 0.8 2.0 ENGL 0.125 ENGL 'DELTA T' 120
ENGLISH IN IN 100 20 IN
METRIC CM CM CM
MINOR AXIS REDESIGN LIMIT LINE
GENERAL THIS LINE IS USED TO IMPOSE AN UPPER LIMIT ON THE MINOR AXIS
SLENDERNESS RATIO, KL/R, DURING THE REDESIGN PROCESS.
(11-15) ENTER THE MAXIMUM MINOR AXIS SLENDERNESS RATIO PERMITTED

DURING REDESIGN. DEFAULT VALUE IS TWICE THE MAJOR AXIS
SLENDERNESS RATIO ON THE 'REDESIGN' LINE.
(16-20) ENTER THE INCREMENT TO BE USED FOR THE HEIGHT AND FLANGE
WIDTH DURING PLATE GIRDER REDESIGN.
(21-25) ENTER THE INCREMENT TO BE USED FOR THE WEB AND FLANGE
THICKNESS DURING PLATE GIRDER REDESIGN.
PLATE GIRDER REDESIGN

MAXIMUM
LINE
MINOR AXIS HEIGHT WEB AND LEAVE BLANK
LABEL
KL/R RATIO AND FLANGE
WIDTH THICKNESS
INCREMENT INCREMENT
REDES2
1-- 6 11<--15 16<--20 21<--25 26--------80
DEFAULT 1.0 ENGL 0.125 ENGL
ENGLISH IN IN
METRIC CM CM
D/T VERSUS DEPTH REDESIGN LINE
GENERAL THIS LINE IS USED TO IMPOSE AN UPPER LIMIT ON THE DIAMETER TO

THICKNESS RATIO AS A FUNCTION OF WATER DEPTH.
( 7- 8) ENTER THE VERTICAL COORDINATE DIRECTION (POSITIVE UP). VALID

ENTRIES ARE '+X', '-X', '+Y', '-Y', '+Z', '-Z' WITH THE
DEFAULT BEING '+Z'.
( 9-14) ENTER THE WATER DEPTH FOR THIS STRUCTURE.
(15-20) ENTER THE MUDLINE ELEVATION OF THE STRUCTURE (VERTICAL

COORDINATE OF THE MUDLINE).
(21-80) ENTER THE DEPTH VERSUS MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE DIAMETER TO

THICKNESS RATIOS IN ORDER OF INCREASING DEPTHS. IF THE FIRST
DEPTH ENTRY IS GREATER THAN ZERO, THEN THE FIRST D/T ENTRY
WILL BE USED DOWN TO THAT DEPTH. IF THE LAST DEPTH ENTRY IS
LESS THAN THE MAXIMUM DEPTH OF A MEMBER, THEN THE LAST D/T
VALUE WILL BE USED FOR ALL OCCURRENCES BELOW THAT DEPTH. A
LINEAR INTERPOLATION VALUE FOR D/T WILL BE USED FOR MEMBERS
LYING BETWEEN TWO DEPTH ENTRIES.
FIRST ZONE SECOND ZONE THIRD ZONE FOURTH ZONE FIFTH ZONE
LINE VERT. WATER MUDLINE
DEPTH MAXIMUM DEPTH MAXIMUM DEPTH MAXIMUM DEPTH MAXIMUM DEPTH MAXIMUM
LABEL COORD. DEPTH ELEV.
BELOW D/T BELOW D/T BELOW D/T BELOW D/T BELOW D/T
SURFACE RATIO SURFACE RATIO SURFACE RATIO SURFACE RATIO SURFACE RATIO
REDES3
1-- 6 7-- 8 9<--14 15<--20 21<--26 27<--32 33<--38 39<--44 45<--50 51<--56 57<--62 63<--68 69<--74 75<--80
DEFAULT '+Z'
ENGLISH FT FT FT FT FT FT FT
METRIC M M M M M M M
ADDITIONAL TUBULAR REDESIGN DATA LINE
(23-28) ENTER THE MATERIAL DENSITY.
GENERAL THIS LINE IS USED TO PROVIDE OVERALL PARAMETERS FOR USE IN
TUBULAR MEMBER REDESIGN PROCEDURE. (29-33) ENTER THE RING HEIGHT INCREMENT FOR THE DESIGN OF RINGS.
( 1- 6) ENTER 'REDES4'. (34-38) ENTER THE RING THICKNESS INCREMENT FOR THE DESIGN OF RINGS.
( 8-10) SELECT THE REDESIGN PROCEDURE TO BE USED: (39-41) ENTER THE RING TYPE:
'API' - API RP 2A 'INT' - INTERNAL RINGS
'LOH' - BASED ON OTC PAPER 6310 BY MR. J.T. LOH 'EXT' - EXTERNAL RINGS
'NOR' - NO RINGS
( 11 ) SELECT THE METHOD FOR HANDLING CAPPED END FORCES: LEAVE BLANK FOR AUTOMATIC RING LOCATION DETERMINED BY OUTSIDE
'I' - CAPPED END FORCES INCLUDED IN STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS. DIAMETER.
'N' - CAPPED END FORCES NOT INCLUDED IN STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS.
(47-53) ENTER THE COST OF THE TUBULAR MEMBERS WITHOUT RINGS.
(12-16) ENTER THE HOOP COMPRESSION SAFETY FACTOR.
(54-60) ENTER THE COST OF INTERNAL RINGS.
(17-22) ENTER THE TUBULAR OUTSIDE DIAMETER TO AUTOMATICALLY DETERMINE
THE RING TYPE. TUBULAR MEMBERS HAVING DIAMETERS GREATER THAN (61-67) ENTER THE COST OF EXTERNAL RINGS.
THIS VALUE WILL HAVE INTERNAL RINGS; OTHERWISE THE RINGS WILL
BE EXTERNAL. THE RING LOCATION CAN BE OVERRIDDEN AT THE GRUP
LEVEL.
CAPPED HOOP RING REDESIGN PARAMETERS COST PARAMETERS

RING
LINE REDESIGN END COMPRESSION MATERIAL LEAVE
DIAMETER
LABEL PROCEDURE FORCES SAFETY DENSITY HEIGHT THICKNESS RING INTERNAL EXTERNAL BLANK
CUTOFF TUBULAR
METHOD FACTOR INCREMENT INCREMENT TYPE RINGS RINGS
REDES4
1-- 6 8--10 11 12<--16 17<--22 23<--28 29<--33 34<--38 39--41 47<--53 54<--60 61<--67 68--80
DEFAULT 'API' 'N' 2 36.0 ENGL 490.0 ENGL 0.5 ENGL 0.125 ENGL
ENGLISH IN LB/CU.FT IN IN $/TON $/TON $/TON
METRIC CM TONNE/CU.M CM CM $/TONNE $/TONNE $/TONNE

HYDROSTATIC COLLAPSE OPTIONS (OPTIONAL)
(18-19) IF THE 'LDOPT' LINE HAS 'HYD' ENTERED FOR A HYDROSTATIC
LOCATION THIS LINE FOLLOWS THE 'OPTIONS' INPUT LINE. COLLAPSE ANALYSIS IN SEASTATE, THEN THE MEMBER STRESSES DUE
TO AXIAL FORCE AND BENDING ARE NOT AVAILABLE. ENTER 'PA' TO
GENERAL THIS LINE IS USED TO PERFORM A HYDROSTATIC COLLAPSE ANALYSIS. INCLUDE AN AXIAL STRESS EQUAL TO P*D/(4*T).
IF LEFT BLANK THE 'SEASTATE' COLLAPSE ANALYSIS WILL BE BASED
( 1- 5) ENTER 'HYDRO' ON THIS LINE. NO HEADER IS REQUIRED. ON HOOP STRESS ALONE.
( 7- 8) STRUCTURAL VERTICAL COORDINATE (POSITIVE UP). OPTIONS ARE + ( 20 ) ENTER 'I' OR 'R' IF HYDROSTATICS ARE TO BE INCLUDED IN MEMBER
OR - X, Y, OR Z. THE + SIGN NEED NOT BE ENTERED; +Z IS THE UNITY CHECKS. HYDROSTATIC AXIAL LOAD COMPONENT IS SUBTRACTED
DEFAULT. FROM TOTAL AXIAL LOAD FOR RATIONAL METHOD.
( 9-10) ENTER THE CODE CHECK DESIRED. OPTIONS ARE: ENTER 'S' IF AXIAL HYDROSTATIC LOADS ARE TO BE DELETED FROM
'AP' - API-RP2A (WSD OR LRFD FROM 'OPTIONS' LINE) ONLY EULER BUCKLING AMPLIFICATION FOR THE RATIONAL METHOD.
'DN' - DNV RULES
'DC' - DANISH CODE (21-30) ENTER THE WATER DEPTH. DEFAULT IS 0.0 EXCEPT FOR 'SEASTATE'
'NP' - NORWEGIAN PETROLEUM DIRECTORATE ANALYSIS WHERE THE DEFAULT VALUE IS ON THE 'LDOPT' LINE.
'NS' - NORSOK CODE
'IS' - ISO 19902 CODE (31-40) ENTER LOCATION OF MUDLINE WITH RESPECT TO THE VERTICAL
COORDINATE ORIGIN. THE DEFAULT VALUE IS 0.0 EXCEPT FOR
(11-13) ENTER THE TYPE OF RINGS TO BE DESIGNED. OPTIONS ARE: SEASTATE ANALYSIS WHERE THE DEFAULT VALUE IS THE 'LDOPT' VALUE.
'EXT' - EXTERNAL FLATBAR RINGS.
'INT' - INTERNAL FLATBAR RINGS.
(41-50) THIS INFORMATION IS USED IF 'AP' OR ' ' (BLANK) IS IN
(14-15) ENTER 'SM' FOR PRINT WITH ONLY UNITY CHECKS GREATER THAN 1.0. COLUMNS 9-10. THE USER MAY ENTER A SAFETY FACTOR FOR AXIAL
'MN' FOR MINIMUM PRINT WITH ONLY THE MAXIMUM UNITY CHECK. COMPRESSION. API-RP2A REQUIRES A FACTOR BETWEEN 1.67 AND 2.0.
IF LEFT BLANK A VALUE OF 2.0 IS USED.
'FL' FOR FULL PRINT.
(51-60) ENTER THE WATER DENSITY.
(16-17) REDESIGN IS PERFORMED BY CHANGING THE TUBE THICKNESS, OR BY
INCORPORATING FLATBAR RINGS (AISC) OR TEE RINGS (DNV). ENTER (61-80) ENTER THE DIMENSION INCREMENTS TO BE APPLIED AT EACH REDESIGN
THE DESIRED DESIGN OPTION: ITERATION.
'NO' - NO REDESIGN.
'TH' - TUBE THICKNESS CHANGE.
'RG' - RING DESIGN.
'RT' - RING DESIGN AND TUBE THICKNESS CHANGE.
REDESIGN INCREMENTS
RING
SEASTATE INCLUDE IN AXIAL
LOCATION
LINE VERTICAL CODE PRINT REDESIGN AXIAL SACS IV UC WATER MUDLINE COMPRESSION WATER RING OR
'EXT' RING
LABEL COORDINATE SELECTION OPTION OPTION LOAD AND DEPTH ELEVATION SAFETY DENSITY MEMBER
OR HEIGHT
OPTION MARINE OPTION FACTOR THICKNESS
'INT' INCREMENT
INCREMENT
HYDRO
1-- 5 7--> 8 9--10 11--13 14--15 16--17 18--19 20 21<--30 31<--40 41<--50 51<--60 61<--70 71<--80
DEFAULT '+Z' 'AP' 'EXT' 'SM' 2 64.2 ENGL 0.5 ENGL 0.125 ENGL
ENGLISH FT FT LB/CU.FT IN IN
METRIC M M TONNE/CU.M CM CM
HYDROSTATIC COLLAPSE OPTIONS (CONTINUED)
LOCATION THIS LINE FOLLOWS THE 'HYDRO' INPUT LINE.
GENERAL THIS LINE PROVIDES SACS IV ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO CHECK

HYDROSTATIC COLLAPSE OF TUBULAR MEMBERS.
( 1- 6) ENTER 'HYDRO2' ON THIS LINE. THIS IS A ONE LINE SET WITHOUT A

HEADER.
( 8-10) IF UNITY CHECKS ONLY ABOVE A SPECIFIC LEVEL ARE TO BE

INCLUDED IN THE OUTPUT, ENTER 'UCL' HERE.
(11-15) ENTER THE UNITY CHECK LEVEL CUTOFF VALUE.
(16-17) ENTER 'ML' TO USE MEMBER LENGTH AS INITIAL RING SPACING.

ENTER 'IN' TO USE INFINITE LENGTH AS THE INITIAL RING SPACING.
(18-22) ENTER THE GEOMETRIC IMPERFECTION REDUCTION FACTOR USED TO

DETERMINE BUCKLING STRESS.
(23-27) ENTER THE HOOP COMPRESSION SAFETY FACTOR FOR

API WSD ANALYSIS, (DEFAULT 2.0).
ENTER THE LOAD FACTOR OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
FOR API LRFD, NORSOK, ISO 19902 CODES, (DEFAULT 1.30).
UNITY UNITY HOOP

RING IMPERFECTION
LINE CHECK CHECK COMPRESSION
SPACING REDUCTION LEAVE BLANK
LABEL LEVEL LEVEL SAFETY
OPTION FACTOR
OPTION CUTOFF FACTOR
HYDRO2
1-- 6 8-->10 11<--15 16--17 18<--22 23<--27 28------------80
DEFAULT 0.8 'IN' 0.8

LOAD CASE WATER DEPTH OVERRIDE LINE
GENERAL THE 'WDEPTH' LINES ALLOW THE USER TO OVERRIDE, FOR ANY LOAD
CONDITION OR LOAD COMBINATION, THE WATER DEPTH USED IN THE
HYDROSTATIC COLLAPSE ANALYSIS AND CODE CHECKS WHERE
APPLICABLE. THE DEFAULT WATER DEPTH IS TAKEN FROM THE HYDRO
LINE FOR ALL LOAD CASES. IF NO HYDRO LINE IS ENTERED, THEN
THE DEFAULT WATER DEPTH FOR EACH LOAD CASE IS ZERO.
( 1- 6) ENTER 'WDEPTH' ON EACH LINE OF THIS SET. A HEADER LINE IS NOT

REQUIRED.
( 9-12) ENTER THE LOAD CONDITION OR LOAD COMBINATION NAME IN WHICH

THE WATER DEPTH IS TO BE MODIFIED.
(20-74) ALL ADDITIONAL ENTRIES ARE SIMILAR. THE INPUT DATA IN THIS
LINE SET TERMINATES WHEN A BLANK FIELD IS READ.
LINE
LABEL LOAD LOAD LOAD LOAD LOAD LOAD
WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER
DEPTH DEPTH DEPTH DEPTH DEPTH DEPTH
WDEPTH
1-- 6 9-->12 13<--19 20-->23 24<--30 31-->34 35<--41 42-->45 46<--52 53-->56 57<--63 64-->67 68<--74
DEFAULT
ENGLISH FT FT FT FT FT FT
METRIC M M M M M M
HYDROSTATIC HEAD PROPERTIES
LOCATION THIS LINE FOLLOWS THE 'HYDRO' INPUT LINE IF IT EXISTS.
GENERAL THIS LINE PROVIDES ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REQUIRED TO

CALCULATE THE HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, USED FOR HYDROSTATIC
COLLAPSE, ACCORDING TO API RP2A CRITERIA.
( 1- 5) ENTER 'WHEAD'. NO HEADER IS REQUIRED.
( 7-10) ENTER THE LOAD CONDITION NAME.

NOTE: THIS 4 CHARACTER NAME MUST MATCH THE NAME SPECIFIED ON
THE 'LOADCN' LINE DEFINING THE LOAD CASE INCLUDING ANY BLANK
CHARACTERS.
(19-26) ENTER THE WAVE HEIGHT FOR THIS LOAD CASE.
(27-34) ENTER THE WAVE LENGTH FOR THIS LOAD CASE.
LOAD
LINE WATER WAVE WAVE
CONDITION LEAVE BLANK
LABEL DEPTH HEIGHT LENGTH
NAME
WHEAD
1-- 5 7--10 11<--18 19<--26 27<--34 35--------80
DEFAULT
ENGLISH FT FT FT
METRIC M M M
UNITY CHECK PARTITION LINE (OPTIONAL)
LOCATION THIS LINE FOLLOWS THE 'OPTIONS' LINE.
GENERAL THE GROUP SUMMARY REPORT PRINTS ALL ELEMENTS HAVING UNITY
CHECKS THAT FALL WITHIN DEFINED LIMITS. THESE LIMITS CAN BE
CHANGED FROM THEIR DEFAULT VALUES BY USING THIS LINE. THE
DEFAULT VALUES PRODUCE THE FOLLOWING REPORT PARTITIONS:
(1) ALL ELEMENTS HAVING UNITY CHECKS GREATER THAN 1.33.
(2) ALL ELEMENTS HAVING UNITY CHECKS GREATER OR EQUAL
TO 1.0 BUT LESS THAN 1.33.
(2) ALL ELEMENTS WITH UNITY CHECKS LESS THAN 0.5.
( 1- 6) ENTER 'UCPART' ON THIS LINE. THIS IS A ONE LINE SET WITHOUT A

HEADER LINE.
(11-15) ALL ELEMENTS HAVING UNITY CHECKS GREATER THAN THIS VALUE WILL
BE REPORTED.
(16-20) ALL ELEMENTS HAVING UNITY CHECKS LESS THAN THIS VALUE WILL BE
REPORTED. IF THIS VALUE IS LEFT BLANK, INFINITY WILL BE USED.
NOTE IF BOTH THE LOWER AND UPPER LIMIT VALUES ARE OMITTED THEN
THAT REPORT WILL BE SKIPPED.
FIRST UNITY CHECK PARTITION SECOND UNITY CHECK PARTITION THIRD UNITY CHECK PARTITION
LINE LEAVE
LABEL LOWER UPPER LOWER UPPER LOWER UPPER BLANK
LIMIT LIMIT LIMIT LIMIT LIMIT LIMIT
UCPART
1-- 6 11<--15 16<--20 21<--25 26<--30 31<--35 36<--40 41--80

USER MODIFIED PLASTIC MODULUS
GENERAL THIS LINE SET IS USED TO INPUT USER DEFINED PLASTIC MODULUS
OF CROSS SECTIONS IN THE GROUP. THIS LINE IS ONLY APPLICABLE
IN POST INPUT FILE. SACS MODEL FILE DOES NOT RECOGNIZE IT.
THE PLASTIC MODULI IN THIS LINE ARE APPLIED FOR CODE CHECK
PURPOSE ONLY AND NOT FOR REDESIGN. NO HEADER LINE IS
REQUIRED.
( 7-9) ENTER GRUP ID. IF MULTIPLE LINES ARE NEEDED FOR THE GROUP,
ENTER GRUP ID ON THE 1ST UMPM LINE AND LEAVE THIS LOCATION
BLANK ON THE OTHERS. THE MULTIPLE UMPM LINES AND PLASTIC
MODULI FOR ONE GRUP MUST BE CONSECUTIVE.
(10-11) ENTER TOTAL NUMBER OF SEGMENTS IN THIS GRUP. IF MULTIPLE LINES

ARE NEEDED FOR THE GROUP, ENTER SEGMENT NUMBER THE 1ST LINE
AND LEAVE BLANK ON THE REST.
(12-75) ENTER PLASTIC SECTION MODULUS IN MAJOR AXIS Y AND MINOR AXIS Z
OF EACH SEGMENT.
(NOTE) THIS LINE SUPPORTS UNIFORM CROSS SECTION MEMBER ONLY. NO

INTERPOLATION ACTS ON SECTIONAL PROPERTIES OF TAPPERED MEMBER.
THIS LINE IS EFFECTIVE FOR AISC 13TH 2005, AISC LRFD, EUROCODE
3: (1992, 2005), AND CANADIAN CSA/S16-09 CODE CHECK.
SEGMENT 1 SEGMENT 2 SEGMENT 3 SEGMENT 4

NUMBER
LINE MEMBER
OF BLANK
LABEL GRUP ID
SEGMENTS
ZY ZZ ZY ZZ ZY ZZ ZY ZZ
UMPM
1-- 4 7-- 9 10--11 12<--19 20<--27 28<--35 36<--43 44<--51 52<--59 60<--67 68<--75 76--80
DEFAULT 1
ENGLISH IN^3 IN^3 IN^3 IN^3 IN^3 IN^3 IN^3 IN^3
METRIC CM^3 CM^3 CM^3 CM^3 CM^3 CM^3 CM^3 CM^3

ALLOWABLE STRESS MODIFIER/MATERIAL FACTOR
GENERAL AISC/API WSD CODE - THE 'AMOD' LINE ALLOWS THE USER TO MODIFY
THE ALLOWABLE STRESSES FOR ANY LOAD CASE OR LOAD COMBINATION
FOR CODE CHECKING.
NORSOK/NS 3472 CODE/EUROCODE 3/ISO 19902 - THIS LINE IS USED TO

SPECIFY EITHER ULS OR ALS MATERIAL FACTORS FOR EACH LOAD CASE OR
COMBINATION. LOAD CASES WITH AMOD = 2.0 ARE ALS. LOAD CASES WITHOUT
AMOD(DEFAULT) OR AMOD = 1.0 ARE ULS. FOR NS 3472 CODE, USER MAY
DEFINE APPROPRIATE ULS RESISTANCE FACTOR BY ENTERING AMOD = GAMMA
IF NECESSARY. FOR NORSOK CODE, GAMMA IN ULS IS 1.15 AND CANNOT BE
MODIFIED. FOR EUROCODE 3, USER MAY DEFINE ULS GAMMA IN 'CODE EC'
LINE IF NECESSARY.
NPD CODE - THE 1ST ENTRY OF THIS LINE IS USED TO SPECIFY THE MATERIAL
FACTOR FOR ALL LOAD CASES OR COMBINATIONS. DEFAULT FACTOR IS 1.15.
DANISH CODE - THE 1ST AND 2ND AMOD ARE USED TO SPECIFY THE MATERIAL
FACTOR OF PLASTIC YIELD AND ELASITIC MODULUS FOR ALL MEMBERS AND
LOAD CASES, RESPECTIVELY. THE DEFAULT ARE 1.21 AND 1.48 FOR HIGH
SAFETY CLASS. ALSO, PLEASE SEE 'GRUP' DATA.
( 1- 4) ENTER 'AMOD' ON EACH LINE OF THIS SET. FIRST LINE IN THIS SET
SHOULD CONTAIN THE WORD 'AMOD' AS A HEADER.
( 8-11) ENTER THE LOAD CASE OR LOAD COMBINATION NAME WHERE THE
ALLOWABLE STRESS MODIFIER OR MATERIAL FACTOR IS TO BE
SPECIFIED. BASIC LOAD CASE FACTORS DO NOT EFFECT ANY LOAD
COMBINATION USING THOSE BASIC LOAD CASES.
(13-17) ENTER THE ALLOWABLE STRESS MODIFIER OR MATERIAL FACTOR. FOR

EXAMPLE A ONE-THIRD INCREASE IN ALLOWABLE STRESS IS INPUT AS
1.333.
FOR NPD CODE, ENTER THE MATERIAL FACTOR TO BE USED FOR ALL LOAD
CASES. FOR DANISH CODE ENTER THE MATERIAL FACTOR 'GAMMA M' FOR
ALL LOAD CASES.
(18-77) FOR AISC/API WSD OR NORSOK/NPD, ENTER THE LOAD CASE NAMES AND
THE APPROPRIATE ALLOWABLE STRESS MODIFIERS OR MATERIAL
FACTORS FOR EACH LOAD CASE DESIRED. THE INPUT DATA IN THIS
LINE TERMINATES WHEN A BLANK FIELD IS READ.
FIRST LOAD CASE SECOND LOAD CASE THIRD LOAD CASE FOURTH LOAD CASE FIFTH LOAD CASE SIXTH LOAD CASE SEVENTH LOAD CASE
LINE
LOAD ALLOWABLE LOAD ALLOWABLE LOAD ALLOWABLE LOAD ALLOWABLE LOAD ALLOWABLE LOAD ALLOWABLE LOAD ALLOWABLE
LABEL
CASE OR MATERIAL CASE OR MATERIAL CASE OR MATERIAL CASE OR MATERIAL CASE OR MATERIAL CASE OR MATERIAL CASE OR MATERIAL
NAME FACTOR NAME FACTOR NAME FACTOR NAME FACTOR NAME FACTOR NAME FACTOR NAME FACTOR
AMOD
1-- 4 8-->11 13<--17 18-->21 23<--27 28-->31 33<--37 38-->41 43<--47 48-->51 53<--57 58-->61 63<--67 68-->71 73<--77
MEMBER CROSS SECTION STRUCTURAL PROPERTY LINE
(16-18) ENTER THE CROSS SECTION TYPE FROM THE LIST BELOW. THE CROSS
GENERAL THIS IS ONE OF SEVERAL 'SECT' LINES; THIS LINE SPECIFIES THE SECTION TYPE IS USED TO SPECIFY THE EQUATIONS FOR STRESS
PROPERTIES OF TUBULARS, WIDE FLANGES, BOX AND OTHER ARBITRARY CALCULATIONS (SEE APPENDIX).
SYMMETRIC CROSS SECTIONS. SEE OTHER 'SECT' LINES FOR OTHER
CROSS SECTIONS (TEE, CHANNEL, ANGLE, ...). 'TUB' - TUBULAR OR PIPE
'WF ' - WIDE FLANGE
THE 'SECT' LINES ARE USED TO INPUT FOR EACH TYPE OF MEMBER IN 'WFC' - WIDE FLANGE COMPACT
A STRUCTURE THE CROSS SECTIONAL STIFFNESS PROPERTIES AND THE 'BOX' - RECTANGULAR BOX
DIMENSIONS USED FOR STRESS CALCULATIONS. EACH CROSS SECTION 'PRI' - GENERAL PRISMATIC SHAPE
TYPE IS GIVEN A LABEL WHICH IS UNIQUE FOR THAT CROSS SECTION.
FOR TUBULAR AND STANDARD LIBRARY CROSS SECTIONS THE 'SECT' (19-48) ENTER STIFFNESS PROPERTY OVERRIDES FOR AXIAL AREA, POLAR
LINE IS OPTIONAL. TUBULAR PROPERTIES CAN BE GENERATED BY THE MOMENT OF INERTIA, AND/OR MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT LOCAL Y AND
PROGRAM IF THE OUTSIDE DIAMETER AND WALL THICKNESS ARE Z AXES IF VALUES CALCULATED BY THE PROGRAMS ARE TO BE
ENTERED ON THE CORRESPONDING 'GRUP' LINE. LIKEWISE FOR A OVERRIDDEN.
STANDARD LIBRARY CROSS SECTION LOCATED IN THE PROGRAM
LIBRARIES (SEE LISTING FOLLOWING 'SECT' LINE INPUT) THE NOTE: SHEAR AREAS FOR SHEAR STIFFNESS ARE AS FOLLOWS - WF AND
APPROPRIATE CROSS SECTION LABEL IS INPUT ON THE 'GRUP' LINE. WFC USE THE WEB AREA FOR LOCAL Z SHEAR AND 5/6 OF THE FLANGE
AREA FOR LOCAL Y SHEAR - TUB USE HALF OF AXIAL AREA - BOX USE
( 1- 4) ENTER 'SECT' ON EACH LINE OF THIS SET. THE FIRST LINE IN THIS THE WALL AREA PARALLEL TO SHEAR DIRECTION - PRI USE SHEAR
SET SHOULD CONTAIN ONLY THE WORD 'SECT' AS A HEADER. AREAS INPUT IN CROSS SECTION DETAILS, AREA FOR SHEAR STRESS
IS 0.8 OF INPUT SHEAR AREA ASSUMING A RECTANGULAR SECTION
( 6-12) ENTER THE UNIQUE CROSS SECTION LABEL FOR THIS CROSS SECTION WITH PARABOLIC SHEAR STRESS DISTRIBUTION. IF SHEAR AREAS ARE
TYPE. LEFT BLANK THEN THE SHEAR DEFORMATION FOR THESE MEMBERS IS
IGNORED.
NOTE: IF THE 'WFC' OPTION IS SELECTED ALL MEMBERS USING THIS
CROSS SECTION WILL BE CONSIDERED COMPACT. IF THE 'WF ' OPTION (50-76) ENTER CROSS SECTION DETAILS AS ILLUSTRATED IN THE
IS SELECTED THE CROSS SECTION WILL BE CONSIDERED COMPACT IF ACCOMPANYING FIGURES.
AISC PARAGRAPH 1.5.1.4 IS MET EXCLUDING EQUATION 1.5-4A AND
AXIAL LOAD DEPENDENCE. NOTE: THE 'TUB' CROSS SECTION HAS THE ADDITIONAL CAPABILITY
OF MODELING CONCENTRIC TUBULAR MEMBERS USING DETAIL C AND D
FOR THE SMALLER TUBULAR SECTION. GROUTED ELEMENTS ARE DEFINED
USING THIS SECTION. THE B PARAMETER FOR THE PRISMATIC SECTION
SHIFTS THE Y-Y NEUTRAL AXIS IN THE POSITIVE LOCAL Z DIRECTION.
. CROSS SECTION DETAILS
STIFFNESS PROPERTIES
TYPE A B C D E
TUB O.D. WALL THICK. O.D. WALL THICK. N.A.
CROSS CROSS
LINE
SECTION SECTION WF FLANGE WIDTH FLANGE THICK. DEPTH WEB THICK. FILLET RADIUS
LABEL
LABEL TYPE
AX J IY IZ WFC FLANGE WIDTH FLANGE THICK. DEPTH WEB THICK. FILLET RADIUS
BOX Z-DIMENSION Z-WALL THICK. Y-DIMENSION Y-WALL THICK. N.A.
PRI Z-DIMENSION Y-Y SHIFT Y-DIMENSION Y-SHEAR AREA Z-SHEAR AREA
SECT
1-- 4 6<--12 16<--18 19<--24 25<--32 33<--40 41<--48 49 50<--55 56<--60 61<--66 67<--71 72<--76
DEFAULT
ENGLISH SQ.IN IN**4 IN**4 IN**4 IN IN IN IN OR SQ.IN IN OR SQ.IN
METRIC SQ.CM CM**4 CM**4 CM**4 CM CM CM CM OR SQ.CM CM OR SQ.CM

PROPERTIES OF TEE, CHANNEL, CONICAL, AND ANGLE CROSS CALCULATIONS AND STIFFNESS PROPERTIES (SEE APPENDIX).
SECTIONS. SEE OTHER 'SECT' LINES FOR OTHER CROSS SECTIONS
(WIDE FLANGE, TUB, BOX, ...). 'PLG' - PLATE GIRDER SECTION
'TEE' - TEE SECTION
THE 'SECT' LINES ARE USED TO INPUT FOR EACH TYPE OF MEMBER IN 'CHL' - CHANNEL CROSS SECTION
A STRUCTURE THE CROSS SECTIONAL STIFFNESS PROPERTIES AND THE 'ANG' - ANGLE CROSS SECTION
DIMENSIONS USED FOR STRESS CALCULATIONS. EACH CROSS SECTION 'CON' - CONICAL TRANSITION SECTION
FOR TUBULAR AND STANDARD LIBRARY CROSS SECTIONS THE 'SECT' (19-48) ENTER STIFFNESS PROPERTY OVERRIDES FOR AXIAL AREA, POLAR
LINE IS OPTIONAL. TUBULAR PROPERTIES CAN BE GENERATED BY THE MOMENT OF INERTIA, AND/OR MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT LOCAL Y AND
PROGRAM IF THE OUTSIDE DIAMETER AND WALL THICKNESS ARE Z AXES IF VALUES CALCULATED BY THE PROGRAMS ARE TO BE
ENTERED ON THE CORRESPONDING 'GRUP' LINE. LIKEWISE FOR A OVERRIDDEN.
STANDARD LIBRARY CROSS SECTION LOCATED IN THE PROGRAM
LIBRARIES (SEE LISTING FOLLOWING 'SECT' LINE INPUT) THE NOTE: DO NOT ENTER STIFFNESS PROPERTIES FOR THE 'ANG' CROSS
APPROPRIATE CROSS SECTION LABEL IS INPUT ON THE 'GRUP' LINE. SECTIONS. THESE PROPERTIES, WITH THE Y AND Z CENTROID
DIMENSIONS, ARE CALCULATED FROM THE DETAIL DIMENSIONS BECAUSE
( 1- 4) ENTER 'SECT' ON EACH LINE OF THIS SET. THE FIRST LINE IN THIS OF THE SKEWED PRINCIPAL AXES.
SET SHOULD CONTAIN ONLY THE WORD 'SECT' AS A HEADER.
(50-80) ENTER CROSS SECTION DETAILS AS ILLUSTRATED IN THE
( 6-12) ENTER THE UNIQUE CROSS SECTION LABEL FOR THIS CROSS SECTION ACCOMPANYING FIGURES.
TYPE. NOTE: CONICAL SECTIONS WILL BE CONNECTED TO TUBULAR SECTIONS
BASED ON BEST DIAMETER MATCH INSIDE NON-PRISMATIC MEMBERS.
CONICAL SECTIONS ARE NOT MATCHED TO TUBULARS BETWEEN MEMBERS.
CONES ARE ASSUMED TO BE CONNECTED TO TUBULARS FOR CODE
CHECKS. CYLINDER THICKNESS A AND C ARE OPTIONAL INPUTS FOR
CONES AT ENDS OF MEMBERS.

TYPE A B C D E F
PLG FL WIDTH FL WIDTH TOTAL DEPTH WEB THICK. FILLET RAD. N.A.
CROSS CROSS
LINE
SECTION SECTION TEE HEIGHT WIDTH WEB THICK. FLANG THICK. Z-DIMENSION FILLET RADIUS
LABEL
LABEL TYPE
AX J IY IZ CHL HEIGHT WIDTH WEB THICK. FLANG THICK. Y-DIMENSION FILLET RADIUS
ANG HEIGHT WIDTH THICKNESS Y-DIMENSION Z-DIMENSION FILLET RADIUS
CON O.D. WALL THICK. O.D. CYL. A THICK. CYL, C THICK N.A.
SECT
1-- 4 6<--12 16<--18 19<--24 25<--32 33<--40 41<--48 49 50<--55 56<--60 61<--66 67<--71 72<--76 77<--80
DEFAULT
ENGLISH SQ.IN IN**4 IN**4 IN**4 IN IN IN IN IN IN
METRIC SQ.CM CM**4 CM**4 CM**4 CM CM CM CM CM CM

GENERAL THIS IS ONE OF SEVERAL 'SECT' LINES. THIS LINE SPECIFIES THE SECTION TYPE IS USED TO SPECIFY THE EQUATIONS FOR STRESS
PROPERTIES OF TEE, ANGLE AND BULB CROSS SECTIONS, WHICH CAN CALCULATIONS AND STIFFNESS PROPERTIES (SEE APPENDIX).
SERVE AS STRUCTURE STIFFENERS. SEE OTHER 'SECT' LINES FOR 'TEE' - TEE SECTION
OTHER CROSS SECTIONS. 'ANG' - ANGLE CROSS SECTION
'BLB' - BULB PLATE CROSS SECTION
THE 'SECT' LINES ARE USED TO INPUT FOR EACH TYPE OF MEMBER IN
A STRUCTURE THE CROSS SECTIONAL STIFFNESS PROPERTIES AND THE (19-48) ENTER STIFFNESS PROPERTY OVERRIDES FOR AXIAL AREA, POLAR
DIMENSIONS USED FOR STRESS CALCULATIONS. EACH CROSS SECTION MOMENT OF INERTIA, AND/OR MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT LOCAL Y AND
TYPE IS GIVEN A LABEL WHICH IS UNIQUE FOR THAT CROSS SECTION. Z AXES IF VALUES CALCULATED BY THE PROGRAMS ARE TO BE
OVERRIDDEN.
( 1- 4) ENTER 'SECT' ON EACH LINE OF THIS SET. THE FIRST LINE IN THIS
SET SHOULD CONTAIN ONLY THE WORD 'SECT' AS A HEADER. NOTE: DO NOT ENTER STIFFNESS PROPERTIES OR Y AND Z CENTROID
DIMENSIONS FOR THE 'ANG' OR 'BLB' CROSS SECTIONS. THESE
( 6-12) ENTER THE UNIQUE CROSS SECTION LABEL FOR THIS CROSS SECTION PROPERTIES ARE CALCULATED FROM THE DETAIL DIMENSIONS BECAUSE
TYPE. OF THE SKEWED PRINCIPAL AXES.
( 15 ) IF THIS CROSS SECTION IS USED AS A STIFFENER WHERE THE STEM (50-80) ENTER CROSS SECTION DETAILS AS ILLUSTRATED IN THE
OF THE TEE OR VERTICAL LEG OF THE ANGLE OR BULB SECTION IS ACCOMPANYING FIGURES.
CONTINUOUSLY ATTACHED TO A PLATE OR OTHER STRUCTURE, ENTER AN
'S' IN THIS COLUMN.
TYPE A B C D E F
CROSS CROSS
LINE STIFFENER
SECTION SECTION TEE HEIGHT WIDTH WEB THICKNESS FLANGE THICKNESS Z-DIMENSION FILLET RAD.
LABEL OPTION
LABEL TYPE
AX J IY IZ ANG HEIGHT WIDTH THICKNESS Y-DIMENSION Z-DIMENSION FILLET RAD.
BLB WIDTH THICKNESS BULB HEIGHT BULB RADIUS Z-DIMENSION Y-DIMENSION
SECT
1-- 4 6<--12 15 16<--18 19<--24 25<--32 33<--40 41<--48 49 50<--55 56<--60 61<--66 67<--71 72<--76 77<--80
DEFAULT

STIFF. CYLINDER AND BOX CROSS SECTION DATA
GENERAL THIS LINE IS USED TO SPECIFY THE CROSS SECTION PROPERTIES OF SECTION TYPE IS USED TO SPECIFY THE EQUATIONS FOR STRESS
STIFFENED CYLINDRICAL OR BOX MEMBERS. CALCULATIONS AND STIFFNESS PROPERTIES (SEE APPENDIX).
( 1- 4) ENTER 'SECT' ON EACH LINE OF THIS SET. THE FIRST LINE IN THIS 'SCY' - STIFFENED CYLINDRICAL SECTION
SET SHOULD CONTAIN ONLY THE WORD 'SECT' AS A HEADER. 'SBX' - STIFFENED BOX SECTION
( 6-12) ENTER THE UNIQUE CROSS SECTION LABEL FOR THIS CROSS SECTION (19-48) ENTER STIFFNESS PROPERTY OVERRIDES FOR AXIAL AREA, POLAR
TYPE. MOMENT OF INERTIA, AND/OR MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT LOCAL Y AND
Z AXES IF VALUES CALCULATED BY THE PROGRAMS ARE TO BE
OVERRIDDEN.
(50-80) ENTER CROSS SECTION DETAILS AS ILLUSTRATED IN THE

ACCOMPANYING FIGURES.
. CROSS SECTION DETAILSBCDEF
TYPE A B C D E F
CROSS CROSS
LINE
SECTION SECTION
LABEL
LABEL TYPE
SCY O.D. WALL THICK N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
AX J IY IZ
SBX Z-DIMENSION SIDE THICK Y-DIMENSION TOP THICK BOTTOM THICK N.A.
SECT
1-- 4 6<--12 16<--18 19<--24 25<--32 33<--40 41<--48 49 50<--55 56<--60 61<--66 67<--71 72<--76 77<--80
DEFAULT IN IN IN IN
ENGLISH SQ.IN IN**4 IN**4 IN**4 IN CM CM CM CM
METRIC SQ.CM CM**4 CM**4 CM**4 CM

STIFFENED CYLINDER STIFFENER DATA
GENERAL THIS DATA PROVIDES THE INFORMATION REGARDING THE STIFFENERS

ON A STIFFENED CYLINDRICAL SECTION. THIS RECORD IMMEDIATELY
FOLLOWS THE 'SECT' LINE DEFINING THE 'SCY' CROSS SECTION TO
WHICH THIS STIFFENER PATTERN APPLIES.
( 9-32) ENTER THE LONGITUDINAL AND RING STIFFENERS FOR THE CYLINDER.
( 9-15) ENTER THE SECTION IDENTIFIER FOR THE STIFFENER IN THE

LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION. THIS SECTION IDENTIFIER MUST BE
INCLUDED IN THE 'SECT' LINES OR IN THE MEMBER LIBRARY FILE.
THE ALLOWABLE CROSS SECTIONS ARE ANGLES, PRISMATICS, AND
TEES. LEAVE BLANK FOR NO LONGITUDINAL STIFFENERS.
(16-20) ENTER THE SPACING BETWEEN THE LONGITUDINAL STIFFENERS.
(21-27) ENTER THE SECTION IDENTIFIER FOR THE RINGS. THIS SECTION
IDENTIFIER MUST BE INCLUDED IN THE 'SECT' LINES OR IN THE
MEMBER LIBRARY FILE. THE ALLOWABLE CROSS SECTIONS ARE ANGLES,
PRISMATICS, AND TEES. LEAVE BLANK FOR NO RING STIFFENERS.
(28-32) ENTER THE SPACING BETWEEN THE RING STIFFENERS.
LONGITUDINAL RINGS
LINE
LEAVE BLANK
LABEL SECTION SECTION
SPACING SPACING
ID ID
SECSCY
1-- 6 9--15 16<--20 21--27 28<--32 33--------------80
DEFAULT
ENGLISH DEG IN
METRIC DEG CM
STIFFENED BOX STIFFENER DATA
GENERAL THIS DATA PROVIDES THE INFORMATION REGARDING THE STIFFENERS

OF A STIFFENED BOX SECTION. THIS RECORD IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWS
THE 'SECT' LINE DEFINING THE 'SBX' CROSS SECTION TO WHICH IT
APPLIES. THE TOP, BOTTOM, AND SIDES OF THE BOX ARE ALLOWED
DIFFERENT STIFFENER TYPES AND SPACINGS.
( 9-32) ENTER THE LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE STIFFENERS FOR THE TOP
OF THE BOX SECTION.
( 9-15) ENTER THE SECTION IDENTIFIER FOR THE STIFFENER IN THE

LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION. THIS SECTION IDENTIFIER MUST BE
INCLUDED IN THE 'SECT' LINES OR IN THE MEMBER LIBRARY FILE.
THE ALLOWABLE CROSS SECTIONS ARE ANGLES, PRISMATICS, AND TEES.
(16-20) ENTER THE SPACING BETWEEN THE LONGITUDINAL STIFFENERS.
(21-32) ENTER THE SECTION IDENTIFIER AND SPACING FOR THE TRANSVERSE
STIFFENERS. THE SECTION IDENTIFIER MUST BE INCLUDED IN THE
'SECT' LINES OR IN THE MEMBER LIBRARY FILE. THE ALLOWABLE
CROSS SECTIONS ARE ANGLES, PRISMATICS, AND TEES.
(33-56) ENTER THE LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE STIFFENERS FOR THE

BOTTOM OF THE BOX SECTION.
(57-80) ENTER THE LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE STIFFENERS FOR THE

SIDES OF THE BOX SECTION.
TOP BOTTOM SIDES
LINE
LONGITUDINAL TRANSVERSE LONGITUDINAL TRANSVERSE LONGITUDINAL TRANSVERSE
LABEL
SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION
SPACING SPACING SPACING SPACING SPACING SPACING
ID ID ID ID ID ID
SECSBX
1-- 6 9--15 16<--20 21--27 28<--32 33--39 40<--44 45--51 52<--56 57--63 64<--68 69--75 76<--80
DEFAULT
ENGLISH IN IN IN IN IN IN
METRIC CM CM CM CM CM CM
DENTED TUBULAR CROSS SECTION DATA
GENERAL THIS DATA IS USED TO SPECIFY THE CROSS SECTION PROPERTIES OF

DAMAGED CYLINDRICAL MEMBERS.
( 6-12) ENTER THE UNIQUE CROSS SECTION LABEL FOR THIS CROSS SECTION
TYPE.
(16-18) ENTER 'DTB' FOR THE CROSS SECTION TYPE. THE CROSS SECTION
TYPE IS USED TO SPECIFY THE EQUATIONS FOR STRESS CALCULATIONS
AND STIFFNESS PROPERTIES (SEE APPENDIX).
(19-48) ENTER THE STIFFNESS PROPERTIES - AXIAL AREA, POLAR MOMENT OF

INERTIA, MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT LOCAL Y AND Z AXES.
NOTE: IF THE STIFFNESS PROPERTIES ARE LEFT BLANK THEN THE

PROGRAM WILL CALCULATE THE PROPERTIES FROM THE CROSS SECTION
DETAIL DIMENSIONS.
(50-55) ENTER THE OUTSIDE DIAMETER OF UNDAMAGED TUBE.
(56-60) ENTER THE WALL THICKNESS.
(61-66) ENTER THE DEPTH OF DENT.
(67-71) ENTER THE RATIO OF GROUT FILL. (1.0 = COMPLETELY GROUTED)
(72-76) ENTER THE OUT OF STRAIGHTNESS FOR THE BENT TUBE. IF THE BENT
GEOMETRY HAS BEEN MODELED USING OFFSETS OR ADDITIONAL JOINTS,
LEAVE THIS FIELD BLANK.
STIFFNESS PROPERTIES CROSS SECTION DETAILS

CROSS CROSS
LINE
SECTION SECTION
LABEL GROUT
LABEL TYPE OUT OF LEAVE
AX J IY IZ O.D. WALL THICK DENT DEPTH FILLED
STRAIGHTNESS BLANK
RATIO
SECT DTB
1-- 4 6<--12 16--18 19<--24 25<--32 33<--40 41<--48 50<--55 56<--60 61<--66 67<--71 72<--76 77<--80
DEFAULT
ENGLISH SQ.IN IN**4 IN**4 IN**4 IN IN IN IN
METRIC SQ.CM CM**4 CM**4 CM**4 CM CM CM CM

PROPERTIES OF LAUNCH RUNNERS, JACK-UP LEGS, DOUBLE ANGLES, CALCULATIONS (SEE APPENDIX).
AND RECTANGULAR TUBES.
'LNR' - LAUNCH RUNNER
THE 'SECT' LINES ARE USED TO INPUT FOR EACH TYPE OF MEMBER IN 'JUL' - JACK-UP LEG
A STRUCTURE THE CROSS SECTIONAL STIFFNESS PROPERTIES AND THE 'DAL' - DOUBLE ANGLE
DIMENSIONS USED FOR STRESS CALCULATIONS. EACH CROSS SECTION 'RTB' - RECTANGULAR TUBE
NOTE THAT THE JOINT LOCATIONS FOR THE LAUNCH RUNNER (LNR) IS (19-48) ENTER STIFFNESS PROPERTY OVERRIDES FOR AXIAL AREA, POLAR
ASSUMED AT THE TUBULAR CENTER AND THE PROGRAM WILL MOMENT OF INERTIA, AND/OR MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT LOCAL Y
AUTOMATICALLY GENERATE THE OFFSET REQUIRED TO PUT THE NEUTRAL AND Z AXES IF VALUES CALCULATED BY THE PROGRAMS ARE TO BE
AXIS IN THE PROPER LOCATION. THESE OFFSETS WILL BE ADDED TO OVERRIDDEN. LEAVE ALL FIELDS BLANK FOR THE PROGRAM TO
ANY OFFSET THE USER ENTERS. CALCULATE THE STIFFNESS PROPERTIES.
( 1- 4) ENTER 'SECT' ON EACH LINE OF THIS SET. THE FIRST LINE IN THIS (50-80) ENTER CROSS SECTION DETAILS AS ILLUSTRATED IN THE
SET SHOULD CONTAIN ONLY THE WORD 'SECT' AS A HEADER. ACCOMPANYING FIGURES.
TYPE.

TYPE A B C D E F
CROSS CROSS
LINE LNR O.D. TUB THICK. RUNNER DEPTH SIDE WALL THICK. RUNNER WIDTH BOTTOM THICK.
SECTION SECTION
LABEL
LABEL TYPE
JUL O.D. TUB THICK. SOLID WIDTH N.A. N.A. N.A.
AX J IY IZ
DAL HEIGHT ANGLE WIDTH ANGLE THICK. SPACING N.A. N.A.
RTB HEIGHT THICKNESS WIDTH OUTSIDE RAD. N.A. N.A.
SECT
1-- 4 6--12 16<--18 19<--24 25<--32 33<--40 41<--48 49 50<--55 56<--60 61<--66 67<--71 72<--76 77<--80
DEFAULT

PROPERTIES OF SPECIAL PLATE GIRDERS. CALCULATIONS (SEE APPENDIX).
THE 'SECT' LINES ARE USED TO INPUT FOR EACH TYPE OF MEMBER IN 'PGD' - DOUBLE WEB PLATE GIRDER
A STRUCTURE THE CROSS SECTIONAL STIFFNESS PROPERTIES AND THE 'PGB' - BOXED PLATE GIRDER
DIMENSIONS USED FOR STRESS CALCULATIONS. EACH CROSS SECTION 'PGU' - UNSYMMETRICAL PLATE GIRDER
NOTE THAT THE JOINT LOCATIONS FOR THE UNSYMMETRICAL PLATE (19-48) ENTER STIFFNESS PROPERTY OVERRIDES FOR AXIAL AREA, POLAR
GIRDER (PGU) IS ASSUMED HALFWAY BETWEEN THE FLANGES. MOMENT OF INERTIA, AND/OR MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT LOCAL Y AND
Z AXES IF VALUES CALCULATED BY THE PROGRAMS ARE TO BE
( 1- 4) ENTER 'SECT' ON EACH LINE OF THIS SET. THE FIRST LINE IN THIS OVERRIDDEN. LEAVE ALL FIELDS BLANK FOR THE PROGRAM TO
SET SHOULD CONTAIN ONLY THE WORD 'SECT' AS A HEADER. CALCULATE THE STIFFNESS PROPERTIES.
( 6-12) ENTER THE UNIQUE CROSS SECTION LABEL FOR THIS CROSS SECTION (50-80) ENTER CROSS SECTION DETAILS AS ILLUSTRATED IN THE
TYPE. ACCOMPANYING FIGURES.

CROSS CROSS TYPE A B C D E F

LINE
SECTION SECTION
LABEL PGD FLANGE WIDTH FLANGE THICK. DEPTH WEB THICK. FILLET RADIUS WEB SPACING
LABEL TYPE
AX J IY IZ PGB FLANGE WIDTH FLANGE THICK. DEPTH WEB THICK. FILLET RADIUS SIDE THICK.
PGU TOP FLG.WIDTH TOP FLG. THICK DEPTH WEB THICK. BOT. FLG. WIDTH BOT. FLG. THICK
SECT
1-- 4 6<--12 16<--18 19<--24 25<--32 33<--40 41<--48 49 50<--55 56<--60 61<--66 67<--71 72<--76 77<--80
DEFAULT

SPECIAL LAUNCH RUNNER SECTION STRUCTURAL PROPERTY LINE
(16-18) ENTER THE CROSS SECTION TYPE 'LR1'.
GENERAL THIS IS ONE OF SEVERAL 'SECT' LINES; THIS LINE SPECIFIES THE
PROPERTIES OF A SPECIFIC LAUNCH RUNNER TYPE. (19-48) ENTER STIFFNESS PROPERTY OVERRIDES FOR AXIAL AREA, POLAR
MOMENT OF INERTIA, AND/OR MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT LOCAL Y
THE 'SECT' LINES ARE USED TO INPUT FOR EACH TYPE OF MEMBER IN AND Z AXES IF VALUES CALCULATED BY THE PROGRAMS ARE TO BE
A STRUCTURE THE CROSS SECTIONAL STIFFNESS PROPERTIES AND THE OVERRIDDEN. LEAVE ALL FIELDS BLANK FOR THE PROGRAM TO
DIMENSIONS USED FOR STRESS CALCULATIONS. EACH CROSS SECTION CALCULATE THE STIFFNESS PROPERTIES.
NOTE THAT THE JOINT LOCATIONS FOR THE THIS LAUNCH RUNNER IS (50-80) ENTER CROSS SECTION DETAILS AS ILLUSTRATED IN THE
ASSUMED AT THE TUBULAR CENTER AND THE PROGRAM WILL ACCOMPANYING FIGURES.
AUTOMATICALLY GENERATE THE OFFSET REQUIRED TO PUT THE NEUTRAL
AXIS IN THE PROPER LOCATION. THESE OFFSETS WILL BE ADDED TO
ANY OFFSET THE USER ENTERS. ADDITIONAL CROSS SECTION
DIMENSIONS ARE CONTAINED ON AN FOLLOWING SECT LINE.
ONLY AISC 9TH EDITION CODE CHECK AVAILABLE FOR THIS SECTION.
TYPE.
STIFFNESS PROPERTIES . CROSS SECTION DETAILS
CROSS CROSS
LINE
SECTION SECTION TYPE A B C D E F
LABEL
LABEL TYPE
AX J IY IZ
SIDE
TUBULAR RUNNER RUNNER BOTTOM
LR1 O.D. WALL
THICK. DEPTH WIDTH THICK.
THICK.
SECT
1-- 4 6<--12 16<--18 19<--24 25<--32 33<--40 41<--48 49 50<--55 56<--60 61<--66 67<--71 72<--76 77<--80
DEFAULT

SPECIAL LAUNCH RUNNER SECTION STRUCTURAL PROPERTY LINE (CONTINUED)
(16-18) ENTER THE CROSS SECTION TYPE 'LR1'.
GENERAL THIS IS ONE OF SEVERAL 'SECT' LINES; THIS LINE SPECIFIES THE
PROPERTIES OF A SPECIFIC LAUNCH RUNNER TYPE. (50-60) ENTER CROSS SECTION DETAILS AS ILLUSTRATED IN THE
ACCOMPANYING FIGURES.
THE 'SECT' LINES ARE USED TO INPUT FOR EACH TYPE OF MEMBER IN
A STRUCTURE THE CROSS SECTIONAL STIFFNESS PROPERTIES AND THE
DIMENSIONS USED FOR STRESS CALCULATIONS. EACH CROSS SECTION
NOTE THAT THE JOINT LOCATIONS FOR THE THIS LAUNCH RUNNER IS
ASSUMED AT THE TUBULAR CENTER AND THE PROGRAM WILL
AUTOMATICALLY GENERATE THE OFFSET REQUIRED TO PUT THE NEUTRAL
AXIS IN THE PROPER LOCATION. THESE OFFSETS WILL BE ADDED TO
ANY OFFSET THE USER ENTERS. THIS LINE IS A CONTINUATION OF
A PRECEDING SECT LINE.
ONLY AISC 9TH EDITION CODE CHECK AVAILABLE FOR THIS SECTION.
( 1- 4) ENTER 'SECT' ON EACH LINE OF THIS SET.
TYPE. THIS LABEL SHOULD BE THE SAME AS ON THE PRECEDING SECT LINE.
( 14 ) ENTER 'C' TO DESIGNATE THIS LINE AS A CONTINUATION.
CROSS CROSS TYPE G H

LINE CONTINUATION LEAVE
SECTION SECTION
LABEL INDICATOR BLANK
LABEL TYPE RUNNER RUNNER
LR1 TOP BOTTOM
WIDTH WIDTH
SECT
1-- 4 6<--12 14 16<--18 49 50<--55 56<--60 61----------80
DEFAULT
ENGLISH IN IN
METRIC CM CM
MEMBER GROUP LINE PART 1
( 17 ) THE FOLLOWING DESIGNATIONS CAN BE APPLIED TO A GROUP FOR
GENERAL THE GRUP LINES DESCRIBE GROUPS OF MEMBERS HAVING IDENTICAL REDESIGN:
STRUCTURAL, MATERIAL AND CODE CHECK PARAMETERS. MEMBERS WHOSE ' ' - DEFAULT TO 'REDESIGN' LINE.
CROSS SECTIONS VARY BETWEEN THE END JOINTS (SEGMENTED) CAN BE 'D' - DECREASE SIZE ONLY.
DESCRIBED WITH UP TO TWENTY (20) DIFFERENT CROSS SECTION 'E' - CONSTANT DEPTH (O.D.),DECREASE SIZE ALLOWED.
TYPES. FOR THIS INPUT, THE MEMBER GROUP LABEL IS REPEATED FOR 'F' - CONSTANT I.D., DECREASE SIZE ALLOWED.
EACH 'GRUP' ENTRY THAT DEFINES THE CROSS SECTION AND SEGMENT 'G' - MINIMUM WEIGHT, DECREASE SIZE ALLOWED.
LENGTH FOR EACH SEGMENT. DATA IS ENTERED FROM JOINT A TO 'I' - INCREASE SIZE ONLY.
JOINT B. 'J' - CONSTANT DEPTH (O.D.),INCREASE SIZE ONLY.
'K' - CONSTANT I.D., INCREASE SIZE ONLY.
( 1- 4) ENTER THE LABEL 'GRUP'. A BLANK 'GRUP' HEADER LINE IS REQUIRED. 'L' - MINIMUM WEIGHT, INCREASE SIZE ONLY.
'U' - USER-SPECIFIED DESIGN, DECREASE SIZE ALLOWED.
'X' - SKIP THIS GROUP DURING REDESIGN.
( 6- 8) ENTER A UNIQUE GROUP LABEL FOR THIS MEMBER GROUP. IF THIS
LABEL IS REPEATED THE PROGRAM WILL ASSUME IT HAS MULTIPLE (18-23) THE INPUT IN THIS FIELD DEPENDS ON THE SECTION TYPE AS FOLLOWS:
SEGMENTS.
' ' - (BLANK) ENTER TUBULAR OUTSIDE DIAMETER.
( 9 ) FOR A TAPERED SECTION THE 'B' OR BEGIN TAPER OPTION IS USED 'PLG' - ENTER PLATE GIRDER MAXIMUM DEPTH FOR REDESIGN.
TO DESIGNATE THAT THE SECTION SPECIFIED ON THE GROUP IS THE 'DTB' - ENTER GROUT ELASTIC MODULUS (UNIT SAME AS COL 31-35).
BEGINNING OF A TAPER AND THIS SECTION WILL BE TAPERED TO THE
NEXT SECTION DEFINED ON THE PROPERTY GROUP. THE 'E' OR END OTHERWISE, LEAVE BLANK.
TAPER OPTION DESIGNATES THAT THE SECTION SPECIFIED IS THE
SECTION AT THE END OF THE MEMBER AND THE PREVIOUS SECTION (24-29) THE INPUT IN THIS FIELD DEPENDS ON THE SECTION TYPE AS FOLLOWS:
DEFINED ON THE PROPERTY GROUP WILL BE TAPERED TO THIS END
SECTION. ' ' - (BLANK) ENTER TUBULAR WALL THICKNESS.
'CON' - ENTER CONE TENSILE STRENGTH FOR API; ENTER THE
(10-16) ENTER A SECTION LABEL FROM A 'SECT' INPUT LINE OR FROM THE SMALLER YIELD STRESS OF ADJACENT TUBULARS FOR ISO.
SECTION LIBRARY FILE. LEAVE BLANK IF TUBULAR DATA IS ENTERED. 'PLG' - ENTER PLATE GIRDER WEB YIELD STRESS.
'DTB' - GROUT UNCONFINED CUBIC COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH.
OTHERWISE, LEAVE BLANK.
(30-59) SEE MEMBER GROUP LINE PART 2.
(60-80) SEE MEMBER GROUP LINE PART 3.
TUBULAR TUBULAR
OUTSIDE WALL
LINE GROUP TAPER SECTION REDESIGN DIAMETER THICKNESS
SEE GRUP LINE PART 2 SEE GRUP LINE PART 3
LABEL LABEL OPTION LABEL CODE
SEE SEE
COMMENTARY COMMENTARY
GRUP
1-- 4 6<-- 8 9 10<--16 17 18<--23 24<--29 30--59 60--80
DEFAULT
ENGLISH IN (KSI) IN (KSI)
METRIC(KN) CM (KN/SQ.CM) CM (KN/SQ.CM)
METRIC(KG) CM (KG/SQ.CM) CM (KG/SQ.CM)

DANISH CODE ENTER '1' THROUGH '8' AS SHOWN:
GENERAL THE GRUP LINES DESCRIBE GROUPS OF MEMBERS HAVING IDENTICAL SAFETY MATERIAL DS GAMMA GAMMA GAMMA T
STRUCTURAL, MATERIAL AND CODE CHECK PARAMETERS. MEMBERS WHOSE CLASS CLASS CODE M E PUNCHING SHEAR
CROSS SECTIONS VARY BETWEEN THE END JOINTS (SEGMENTED) CAN BE '1' HIGH STRICT 449 1.21 1.48 1.34
DESCRIBED WITH UP TO TWENTY (20) DIFFERENT CROSS SECTION '2' NORMAL STRICT 449 1.09 1.34 1.21
TYPES. FOR THIS INPUT, THE MEMBER GROUP LABEL IS REPEATED FOR '3' HIGH NORMAL 412 1.41 1.72
EACH 'GRUP' ENTRY THAT DEFINES THE CROSS SECTION AND SEGMENT '4' HIGH STRICT 412 1.34 1.72
LENGTH FOR EACH SEGMENT. DATA IS ENTERED FROM JOINT A TO '5' NORMAL NORMAL 412 1.28 1.56
JOINT B. '6' NORMAL STRICT 412 1.21 1.56
'7' LOW NORMAL 412 1.15 1.41
( 1- 4) ENTER THE LABEL 'GRUP'. A BLANK 'GRUP' HEADER LINE IS REQUIRED. '8' LOW STRICT 412 1.09 1.41
BRITISH CODE ENTER '1' OR '2' AS SHOWN:
'1' - MT BASED ON TABLE 13, SECTION 4, BS5950.
( 5-29) SEE MEMBER GROUP LINE PART 1. '2' - MT = 1.0 FOR MEMBERS IN THIS GRUP.
EUROCODE 3 END ROTATION FACTORS (SECTION F.1.1)
( 30 ) ENTER GAP ELEMENT TYPE USED IN GAP ANALYSES AS 'T', 'C', 'N' '1' - NO FIXITY ( K = 1.0)
OR 'F' FOR TENSION ONLY, COMPRESSION ONLY, NO-LOAD OR FRICTION. '2' - ONE END FIXED AND OTHER END FREE ( K = 0.7)
'3' - FULLY FIXED ( K = 0.5)
AISC 13th EDITION
(31-45) ENTER MATERIAL ELASTIC PROPERTIES AS NOTED. IF LEFT BLANK, '1' AND '2' CM = 1.00
DEFAULTS OR LAST VALUES ENTERED WILL BE USED. CSA S16-09: CLASS '5','6' NOT APPLICABLE
( 46 ) IF THE BOTTOM UNBRACED LENGTH FOR WIDE FLANGES OR PLATE (48-51) IF MEMBER OFFSETS ARE NOT USED, ENTER AVERAGE JOINT
GIRDERS IS INPUT IN THE AVERAGE JOINT THICKNESS FIELD, THICKNESS. ONE HALF OF THIS VALUE IS SUBTRACTED FROM BOTH
ENTER A 'B' HERE. THIS IS VALID FOR THE EUROCODE ONLY. ENDS OF THE MEMBER FOR EULER BUCKLING ALLOWABLES AND
HYDRODYNAMIC LOAD CALCULATIONS IN THE SEASTATE PROGRAM.
( 47 ) ENTER AISC/API/NORSOK/ISO/CSA / 1984 NPD
'1' CM = 0.85 (PRIMARY) / EFF. MOMENT (52-59) ENTER K-FACTORS USED FOR SLENDERNESS IN THE LOCAL Y AND Z AXES.
'2' CM = 0.85 (SECONDARY) / CM = 0.85
'3' CM = 0.6 - 0.4(M1/M2)(PRI) / CM = 1.0
'4' SAME AS '3' (SEC) (60-80) SEE MEMBER GROUP LINE PART 3.
'5' CM = 1.0 - 0.4(FA/FE)(PRI)
'6' SAME AS '5' (SEC)
'7' CM = 1.0 (PRI)
ENTER '8' TO INCLUDE THIS PREVIOUSLY SKIPPED GRUP IN POST.

ENTER '9' TO SKIP STRESS OUTPUT FOR THIS GRUP.
NOTE: MEMBERS OF CLASS 9 WILL NOT BE ANALYZED IN JOITN CAN
AND FATIGUE ANALYSES. IN THESE CASES, USER MUST BE CAUTIOUS
IF THE MEMBER CANNOT BE IGNORED IN JOINT TYPE CLASSIFICATION.
AVERAGE
ELASTIC WIDE
MEMBER JOINT K-FACTORS
PROPERTIES FLANGE
GAP CLASS THICKNESS
LINE BOTTOM
SEE GRUP LINE PART 1 ELEMENT OR SEE GRUP LINE PART 3
LABEL UNBRACED
TYPE SEE BOTTOM
LENGTH
COMMENTARY UNBRACED
OPTION
E G LENGTH
---- ---- SY KY KZ
1000 1000
GRUP
1-- 4 5--29 30 31<--35 36<--40 41<--45 46 47 48<--51 52<--55 56<--59 60--80
DEFAULT 29.0 ENGL 11.2 ENGL 36.0 ENGL '1' 1 1
ENGLISH KSI KSI KSI FT
METRIC(KN) KN/SQ.CM KN/SQ.CM KN/SQ.CM M
METRIC(KG) KG/SQ.CM KG/SQ.CM KG/SQ.CM M

(65-69) THE INPUT IN THIS FIELD DEPENDS ON THE SECTION TYPE AS FOLLOWS:
GENERAL THE GRUP LINES DESCRIBE GROUPS OF MEMBERS HAVING IDENTICAL
STRUCTURAL, MATERIAL AND CODE CHECK PARAMETERS. MEMBERS WHOSE ' ' - (BLANK) SHEAR AREA MODIFIER USED TO MODIFY TUBULAR
CROSS SECTIONS VARY BETWEEN THE END JOINTS (SEGMENTED) CAN BE CROSS SECTION AREA IN CALCULATION OF MEMBER SHEAR
DESCRIBED WITH UP TO TWENTY (20) DIFFERENT CROSS SECTION STRESS. USE 0.5 FOR PEAK STRESS (DEFAULT = 1.0).
TYPES. FOR THIS INPUT, THE MEMBER GROUP LABEL IS REPEATED FOR 'PLG' - PLATE GIRDER STIFFENER SPACING (FEET OR METERS).
EACH 'GRUP' ENTRY THAT DEFINES THE CROSS SECTION AND SEGMENT 'DTB' - GROUT DENSITY (LB/FT**3 OR TONNE/M**3).
LENGTH FOR EACH SEGMENT. DATA IS ENTERED FROM JOINT A TO 'BOX' - (STIFFENED) LONGITUDINAL STIFFENER SPACING FOR THE
JOINT B. VERTICAL SIDES (INCHES OR CENTIMETERS).
( 1- 4) ENTER THE LABEL 'GRUP'. A BLANK 'GRUP' HEADER LINE IS REQUIRED. ( 70 ) MEMBER FLOODING: ENTER 'N' FOR NON-FLOODED, 'F' FOR FLOODED.
(71-76) MEMBER DENSITY. BOTH MEMBER FLOODING AND MEMBER DENSITY ARE
( 5-29) SEE MEMBER GROUP LINE PART 1. ALSO USED BY 'SEASTATE' AND 'DYNPAC'.
(30-59) SEE MEMBER GROUP LINE PART 2. (77-80) ENTER THE SEGMENT LENGTH IF THE GROUP HAS MORE THAN ONE
SEGMENT. TWO METHODS ARE AVAILABLE:
(60-64) THE INPUT IN THIS FIELD DEPENDS ON THE SECTION TYPE AS FOLLOWS: (A) LENGTH SPECIFICATION. EACH SEGMENT LENGTH FROM 1 TO N
ARE ENTERED. ANY ONE SEGMENT LENGTH CAN BE LEFT BLANK
' ' (BLANK) - TUBULAR RING SPACING. ALLOWING THE PROGRAM TO CALCULATE ITS LENGTH.
'WF ','WFC','PLG' - COMPRESSION FLANGE BRACE SPACING. (B) FRACTIONAL SPECIFICATION. EACH SEGMENT LENGTH FROM 1 TO N
STIFFENED MEMBERS - UNBRACED LENGTH.
OTHERWISE, LEAVE BLANK. IS ENTERED AS A FRACTION OF THE TOTAL MEMBER LENGTH. ALL
SEGMENT LENGTHS MUST BE ENTERED AND SUM TO EXACTLY 1.0.
TUBULAR TUBULAR LOAD DATA

RING SHEAR AREA
LINE SPACING MODIFIER SEGMENT
SEE GRUP LINE PART 1 SEE GRUP LINE PART 2 FLOODING
LABEL WEIGHT LENGTH
SEE SEE N-BUOYANT
DENSITY
COMMENTARY COMMENTARY F-FLOODED
GRUP
1-- 4 5--29 30--59 60<--64 65<--69 70 71<--76 77<--80
DEFAULT 490.0 ENGL
ENGLISH FT ABOVE LB/CU.FT FT
METRIC(KN) M ABOVE TONNE/CU.M M
METRIC(KG) M ABOVE TONNE/CU.M M

MEMBER DESCRIPTION LINE
(36-41) CHORD ANGLE FOR ROTATION OF MEMBER LOCAL COORDINATE SYSTEM
( 1- 6) ENTER 'MEMBER' ON EACH LINE OF THIS TYPE. THE FIRST LINE OF ABOUT LOCAL X AXIS WITH RESPECT TO THE POSITION ASSUMED BY
THIS TYPE SHOULD CONTAIN ONLY THIS WORD. SACS. POSITIVE ROTATION FOLLOWS THE RIGHT-HAND RULE.
( 7 ) THIS COLUMN IS USED TO INDICATE IF MEMBER NEUTRAL AXIS IS (42-45) THE LOCAL Z AXIS REFERENCE JOINT IS USED WITH THE MEMBER X
OFFSET FROM CONNECTING JOINTS. ENTER '1' FOR OFFSET IN GLOBAL AXIS (SAME AS MEMBER AXIS) TO DEFINE THE LOCAL XZ PLANE. THE
COORDINATES AND '2' FOR LOCAL MEMBER COORDINATES. IF MEMBER LOCAL Z AXIS IS PERPENDICULAR TO MEMBER AND POSITIVE TOWARD
IS OFFSET, 'MEMBER OFFSETS' LINE SHOULD FOLLOW THIS LINE. REFERENCE JOINT. RIGHT JUSTIFY INPUT. ANY CHORD ANGLE ENTERED
WILL BE ADDED TO THIS PLANE. ANY JOINT MAY BE USED AS A
( 8-11) JOINT NAME WHERE MEMBER STARTS. CHOICE OF STARTING JOINT IS REFERENCE JOINT OR A FIXED DUMMY JOINT MAY BE USED.
ARBITRARY.
( 46 ) DESIGNATE THE FLOOD CONDITION AS FLOODED 'F' OR NON-FLOODED
(12-15) JOINT NAME WHERE MEMBER ENDS. A MEMBER CAN CONNECT ONLY TWO 'N'. THIS VALUE CAN BE OVERRIDDEN IN SEASTATE AND DYNPAC.
JOINTS. NOTE THAT THE LOCAL X AXIS OF THE MEMBER IS POSITIVE
FROM JOINT A TO JOINT B AND LIES ALONG THE MEMBER'S AXIS ( 47 ) ENTER 'L' IF EFFECTIVE LENGTHS ARE TO BE INPUT IN COLUMNS
(INCLUDING ANY OFFSETS). 52-55 AND 56-59 INSTEAD OF K-FACTORS.
( 16 ) ENTER 'A' IF ADDITIONAL MEMBER DATA FOLLOWS ON 'MEMB2' LINE. (48-51) IF MEMBER OFFSETS ARE NOT USED, ENTER THE AVERAGE JOINT
THICKNESS IF NOT ZERO. ONE HALF OF THIS VALUE IS SUBTRACTED
(17-19) GROUP LABEL OF THIS MEMBER. THIS MEMBER WILL HAVE THE FROM EACH END FOR CALCULATING THE EULER BUCKLING LOAD ONLY.
STRUCTURAL, MATERIAL AND CODE CHECK PROPERTIES OF THIS GROUP.
(52-59) ENTER THE EFFECTIVE LENGTH FACTORS, K, (FOR USE IN KL/R), FOR
(20-21) ENTER 'SK' TO ELIMINATE DATA FOR THIS MEMBER FROM ALL OUTPUT THE LOCAL Y AND Z DIRECTIONS IF DIFFERENT FROM THOSE ON THE
REPORTS (EQUIVALENT TO CLASS 9 IN GRUP LINE). ENTER 'RP' IF 'GRUP' LINE(S) FOR THIS MEMBER. IF 'L' IS ENTERED IN COLUMN
'SE' OPTION WAS SELECTED ON 'OPTIONS' LINE AND THIS MEMBER IS 47 THEN THESE FACTORS ARE INPUT USING LENGTH - FT OR M.
TO BE INCLUDED IN MEMBER DETAIL REPORT. IF 'SE' IS NOT ON
'OPTIONS' LINE 'RP' WILL BE IGNORED. ENTER 'UN' TO INCLUDE A (60-64) FOR TUBES ENTER THE SHEAR AREA MODIFYING FACTOR FOR
MEMBER IN THE POST-PROCESSOR THAT HAD PREVIOUSLY BEEN SKIPPED CALCULATING SHEAR STRESS (USE 0.5 FOR THE PEAK STRESS); FOR
IN THE SACS IV ANALYSIS. THIS IS A POST-PROCESSOR INPUT ONLY. CONCRETE ENTER THE SHEAR REINFORCEMENT SPACING OVERRIDE; FOR
OTHER MEMBERS ENTER THE UNBRACED LENGTH OF COMPRESSION FLANGE.
( 22 ) ENTER GAP ELEMENT TYPE USED IN GAP ANALYSES AS 'T', 'C', 'N'
OR 'F' FOR TENSION ONLY, COMPRESSION ONLY, NO-LOAD OR FRICTION. (65-70) ENTER THE MATERIAL WEIGHT DENSITY FOR THIS MEMBER IF
DIFFERENT FROM THAT SPECIFIED ON THE 'GRUP' LINE.
(23-34) THESE COLUMNS SPECIFY MEMBER END FIXITY AT JOINT A. THE SIX (71-72) ENTER THE NUMBER OF SEGMENTS THE MEMBER IS TO BE DIVIDED INTO
COLUMNS CORRESPOND TO THE SIX DEGREES OF FREEDOM IN THE FOR STRESS AND CODE CHECK CALCULATION IF DIFFERENT FROM THAT
MEMBER LOCAL COORDINATE SYSTEM. A ZERO OR BLANK IN ANY COLUMN SPECIFIED ON THE 'OPTIONS' LINE (MAXIMUM OF 20).
INDICATES THE MEMBER IS FIXED TO THE JOINT IN THIS DEGREE OF
FREEDOM. TO RELEASE A MEMBER IN ANY DEGREE OF FREEDOM ENTER A (73-78) ENTER THE EFFECTIVE DIAMETER TO BE USED TO ACCOUNT FOR THE
'1' IN THE CORRESPONDING COLUMN FOR THAT DEGREE OF FREEDOM. FLUID DYNAMIC "ADDED MASS". THIS IS NORMALLY AUTOMATICALLY
GENERATED BY THE 'SEASTATE' PROGRAM. DEFAULT IS THE MEMBER
(29-34) SPECIFY MEMBER END FIXITY AT JOINT B IN MANNER SIMILAR TO O.D. (ONLY FOR TUBULAR AND CONICAL CROSS SECTIONS.)
THAT USED FOR JOINT A.
CONNECT-
K-FACTOR OR
ING END FIXITY
OFF- LOCAL Z K AVG EFF LENGTH UNBRACED STRESS EFFECTIVE
JOINTS GAP FLOOD
LINE SET ADD GROUP STRESS CHORD AXIS REF- OR JOINT LENGTH AND UC DIAMETER
ELEM. CONDI- DENSITY
LABEL OP- DATA LABEL OUTPUT ANGLE ERENCE L THICK- OR SHEAR SEG- FOR ADDED
TYPE JOINT A JOINT B TION
TION JOINT OPT NESS KY KZ MOD MENTS MASS
A B
LY LZ
X Y Z %X %Y %Z X Y Z %X %Y %Z
MEMBER
1-- 6 7 8-->11 12-->15 16 17--19 20--21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 36<--41 42-->45 46 47 48<--51 52<--55 56<--59 60<--64 65<--70 71-->72 73<--78
DEFAULT 'N' O.D.
ENGLISH DEG FT NONE OR FT FT OR NONE LB/CU.FT IN
METRIC DEG M NONE OR M M OR NONE TONNE/CU.M CM

BRACE DESIGNATION DATA
GENERAL THIS LINE IS USED TO INPUT BRACE DETAILS SO THAT ALTERNATE

"K" FACTORS AND EFFECTIVE BUCKLING LENGTHS CAN BE USED TO
CALCULATE THE ALLOWABLES FOR BUCKLING OUT OF THE BRACE PLANE
WHEN THE MEMBER IS ACTING AS A CHORD OF A "K" BRACE OR AS
PART OF AN "X" BRACE.
( 1- 5) ENTER 'BRACE'.
( 7-14) ENTER THE MEMBER BEGIN AND END JOINTS.
( 15 ) SELECT EITHER 'K' OR 'X' FOR K-BRACE OR X-BRACE RESPECTIVELY.
( 16 ) ENTER THE LOCAL MEMBER AXIS THAT LIES IN THE PLANE OF THE
BRACE.
NOTE: ALLOWABLES FOR BUCKLING ABOUT THIS AXIS WILL BE
CALCULATED BASED ON DATA SPECIFIED IN COLUMNS 17-45.
(17-24) ENTER THE 1ST MEMBER THAT WILL BE CHECKED FOR TENSION.
(25-32) ENTER THE 2ND MEMBER THAT WILL BE CHECKED FOR TENSION. THE
SECOND MEMBER IS REQUIRED FOR K-BRACES AND IS OPTIONAL FOR
X-BRACES.
(33-38) ENTER THE K-FACTOR TO BE USED FOR BUCKLING ALLOWABLE WHEN THE
REFERENCE MEMBER(S) ARE IN TENSION. DEFAULT IS 0.9 FOR
X-BRACE AND 0.8 FOR K-BRACE.
(39-45) ENTER THE EFFECTIVE LENGTH TO BE USED IN THE BUCKLING

ALLOWABLE CALCULATION. LEAVE BLANK TO USE THE ACTUAL LENGTH.
BRACE DETAILS
MEMBER
LINE 1ST MEMBER 2ND MEMBER
LOCAL AXIS LEAVE BLANK
LABEL BRACE K EFFECTIVE
IN BRACE
BEGIN END TYPE BEGIN END BEGIN END FACTOR LENGTH
PLANE
JOINT JOINT JOINT JOINT JOINT JOINT
BRACE
1-- 5 7-->10 11-->14 15 16 17-->20 21-->24 25-->28 29-->32 33<--38 39<--45 46--80
DEFAULT 'Z'
ENGLISH FT
METRIC M
JOINT SELECTION DATA
GENERAL THIS RECORD ALLOWS THE SELECTION OF JOINTS TO BE INCLUDED OR

EXCLUDED IN THIS ANALYSIS. ONLY THOSE ELEMENTS THAT ARE
CONNECTED TO THE INCLUDED JOINTS WILL BE INCLUDED IN THE
RESULTING POSTFILE.
( 8 ) ENTER 'I' TO INCLUDE THESE JOINTS OR 'E' TO EXCLUDE. ALL

JOINT SELECTIONS SHOULD BE INCLUDES OR EXCLUDES AND NOT MIXED.
(12-80) ENTER THE JOINTS TO BE SELECTED.
JOINT SELECTION
LINE SELECTION
LABEL TYPE
1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH 5TH 6TH 7TH 8TH 9TH 10TH 11TH 12TH 13TH 14TH
JNTSEL
1-- 6 8 12--15 17--20 22--25 27--30 32--35 37--40 42--45 47--50 52--55 57--60 62--65 67--70 72--75 77--80
DEFAULT 'I'
MEMBER SELECTION DATA
GENERAL THIS RECORD ALLOWS THE SELECTION OF MEMBERS TO BE INCLUDED OR

EXCLUDED IN THIS ANALYSIS.
( 8 ) ENTER 'I' TO INCLUDE THESE MEMBERS OR 'E' TO EXCLUDE. ALL

MEMBER SELECTIONS SHOULD BE INCLUDES OR EXCLUDES AND NOT MIXED.
(10-80) ENTER THE MEMBER END JOINTS.
NOTE: MEMBERS SPECIFIED IN MEMBER LINE ARE ALREADY INCLUDED AND

SHOULD NOT BE ENTERED HERE AGAIN. THE ORDER OF TWO JOINTS SHOULD
BE THE SAME AS THAT OF THE MEMBER IN SACS MODEL FILE.
MEMBER SELECTION
LINE SELECTION
1ST MEMBER 2ND MEMBER 3RD MEMBER 4TH MEMBER 5TH MEMBER 6TH MEMBER 7TH MEMBER 8TH MEMBER
LABEL TYPE
JOINT A JOINT B JOINT A JOINT B JOINT A JOINT B JOINT A JOINT B JOINT A JOINT B JOINT A JOINT B JOINT A JOINT B JOINT A JOINT B
MEMSEL
1-- 6 8 10--13 14--17 19--22 23--26 28--31 32--35 37--40 41--44 46--49 50--53 55--58 59--62 64--67 68--71 73--76 77--80
DEFAULT 'I'
MEMBER GROUP IDENTIFIER SELECTION DATA
GENERAL THIS RECORD ALLOWS THE SELECTION OF MEMBER GROUPS TO BE

INCLUDED OR EXCLUDED IN THIS ANALYSIS.
( 8 ) ENTER 'I' TO INCLUDE THESE MEMBER GROUPS OR 'E' TO EXCLUDE.

ALL MEMBER GROUP SELECTION SHOULD BE INCLUDES OR EXCLUDES AND
NOT MIXED.
(10-68) ENTER THE MEMBER GROUP IDENTIFIERS.
MEMBER GROUP IDENTIFIER SELECTION

LINE SELECTION
LEAVE BLANK
LABEL TYPE
1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH 5TH 6TH 7TH 8TH 9TH 10TH 11TH 12TH 13TH 14TH 15TH
MGRPSL
1-- 6 8 10--12 14--16 18--20 22--24 26--28 30--32 34--36 38--40 42--44 46--48 50--52 54--56 58--60 62--64 66--68 69--80
DEFAULT 'I'
POST-PROCESSING SPAN DESIGNATION
GENERAL THIS LINE IS USED TO DESIGNATE THE MEMBERS CONSIDERED AS A

SPAN FOR SERVICEABILITY CHECK REPORT. THIS LINE CAN BE
REPEATED AS OFTEN AS NECESSARY TO SELECT AS MANY SPANS AS
REQUIRED. FEATURES AND LIMITATIONS ARE:
1) ANY NUMBER OF MEMBERS CAN BE INCLUDED IN A CONTINUOUS
LINE.
2) CANTILEVER MEMBERS CAN BE ANALYZED BUT MUST BE SPECIFIED
BY THE USER.
3) MOMENT DISCONTINUITIES ARE ALLOWED ALONG THE CONTINUOUS
MEMBER.
4) MOMENT RELEASES (SIMPLE SUPPORTS) ARE ALLOWED AT THE
ENDS OF THE CONTINUOUS MEMBER BUT FORCE RELEASES ARE NOT
ALLOWED.
NOTE:
(1) IF 'EXT' MODE SELECTED IN PSTOPT LINE, ALL MEMBERS IN
SPAN MSUT BE INCLUDED IN GRUP OR MEMBER LINES OF POST
INPUT FILE.
(2) SPAN LINES CANNOT CO-EXIST IN SACS MODEL FILE AND POST
INPUT FILE, AND MUST BE INPUT IN EITHER OF THESE TWO.
( 6-13) ENTER THE SPAN IDENTIFICATION. THIS IS USED ONLY FOR

REPORTING PURPOSES. IF MORE THAN TWELVE JOINTS ARE TO BE
USED, CONTINUE ON THE NEXT LINE WITH THE 'SPAN' IDENTIFIER
LEFT BLANK.
( 14 ) ENTER 'C' IF THIS SPAN IS CONSIDERED A CANTILEVER.
(17-75) ENTER THE JOINTS IN ORDER OF OCCURRENCE IN THE SPAN.
SPAN JOINTS
LINE SPAN CANTILEVER
LABEL ID OPTION
SPAN
1-- 4 6-->13 14 17-->20 22-->25 27-->30 32-->35 37-->40 42-->45 47-->50 52-->55 57-->60 62-->65 67-->70 72-->75
LOAD COMBINATION INPUT
LOCATION LOAD COMBINATIONS FOLLOW THE BASIC LOAD CONDITION DATA.
GENERAL THIS LINE ENABLES THE USER TO GENERATE NEW LOAD CONDITIONS,
EACH DEFINED AS A LINEAR COMBINATION OF FROM ONE TO FORTY
EIGHT BASIC AND/OR OTHER COMBINED LOAD CONDITIONS FOR THIS
ANALYSIS.
( 1- 5) ENTER 'LCOMB' ON ALL LINES DEFINING COMBINATIONS. A HEADER

WITH 'LCOMB' ONLY MUST PRECEDE ANY LOAD COMBINATION DATA.
( 7-10) ENTER THE NAME FOR THE LOAD COMBINATION BEING DEFINED.
(12-15) ENTER THE NAME OF THE LOAD CASE OR COMBINATION TO BE USED AS

THE FIRST LOAD COMPONENT DEFINING THIS COMBINATION.
THE LOAD CONDITIONS BEING COMBINED MAY BE ENTERED IN RANDOM
ORDER.
(16-21) ENTER THE FRACTION OF THE FIRST LOAD CASE TO BE INCLUDED IN

THIS COMBINATION.
(22-71) REPEAT AS NECESSARY FOR THE REMAINING COMPONENTS MAKING UP

THIS COMBINATION.
THIS LINE MAY BE REPEATED TO ENTER A TOTAL OF FORTY EIGHT

LOAD COMPONENTS FOR EACH COMBINATION. EACH ADDITIONAL 'LCOMB'
LINE MUST HAVE THE LOAD COMBINATION NAME SPECIFIED IN COLUMNS
7-10.
COMBI- COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT
LINE LEAVE
NATION LOAD LOAD LOAD LOAD LOAD LOAD
LABEL LOAD LOAD LOAD LOAD LOAD LOAD BLANK
NAME CASE CASE CASE CASE CASE CASE
FACTOR FACTOR FACTOR FACTOR FACTOR FACTOR
LCOMB
1-- 5 7-->10 12-->15 16<--21 22-->25 26<--31 32-->35 36<--41 42-->45 46<--51 52-->55 56<--61 62-->65 66<--71 72--80
DEFAULT 1 1 1 1 1 1
END LINE
LOCATION THIS LINE IS THE LAST LINE IN THE POST INPUT FILE.
GENERAL THE 'END' LINE TERMINATES THE DATA READ BY THE PROGRAM AND IS
REQUIRED.
LINE
REMAINDER OF THIS LINE LEFT BLANK
LABEL
END
1-- 3 4--------------------------80

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Post-Processor

SACS® Post-Processor Release 13.0

SACS® Post-Processor Release 13.0

SACS® Post-Processor Release 13.0

SACS® Post-Processor Release 13.0

SACS® Post-Processor Release 13.0

SACS® Post-Processor Release 13.0

1.2 PROGRAM FEATURES

2. Hydrostatic collapse of tubular members based on API-RP2A, ISO19902 or DNV requirements.

4. API 2U and 2V bulletins.

5. Panel code check in accordance to DnV-RP-C201

6. Euler buckling check for segmented members.

7. Finite element code check and stiffener stress output.

8. Complete element property and code check parameter override capabilities.

9. Load case and output report selection capability.

10. Ability to specify load combinations for post processing.

12. Ability to select joints, members and groups for output.

14. Contains Cb options when using AISC WSD code.

SACS® Post-Processor Release 13.0

4. A positive torsion vector is outward at both ends of the member.

1.2.2 Redesign Procedure

SACS® Post-Processor Release 13.0

2.1 STRESS ANALYSIS CODE CHECK AND REDESIGN

2.1.1 Element Check Code

'4B' AISC 14th / API RP2A 22nd Edition

'AB' AISC 13th / API RP2A 22nd Edition

'UB' AISC 9th / API RP2A 22nd Edition

‘UC’ AISC 9th / API RP2A 21st Edition

'4A' AISC 14th / API RP2A 21st Edition

'AA' AISC 13th / API RP2A 21st Edition

‘19’ AISC 9th / API RP2A 19th Edition

‘16’ AISC 9th / API RP2A 16th Edition

'10' AISC 9th / API RP2A 10th Edition

'4L' AISC 14th / API RP2A LRFD 1st Edition

'AL' AISC 13th / API RP2A LRFD 1st Edition

‘LR’ AISC LRFD 1st / API RP2A LRFD 1st Edition

'L2' AISC LRFD 2nd / API RP2A LRFD 1st Edition

'L3' AISC LRFD 3rd / API RP2A LRFD 1st Edition

'LG' Linear Global Analysis

'EC' Eurocode 3:v1992 with NORSOK 2004 N-004

'E5' Eurocode 3:v2005 with NORSOK 2004 N-004

SACS® Post-Processor Release 13.0

'NC' NORSOK 2013 N-004 with Eurocode 3:v2005

'NS' NORSOK 2004 N-004 with NS3472

‘NP’ 1995 NPD / NS 3472

‘DC’ 1994 Danish Code

‘D1’ 1984 Danish Code

‘BS’ 1990 British Standard BS5950

'CA' 1994/2001 Canadian code check

‘MS’ Maximum stress print with no code check

2.1.2 AISC/API Parameters

2.1.3 DnV-RP-C201 Panel Code Check

'4B' For WSD AISC 14th/API RP2A 22nd Edition

'AB' For WSD AISC 13th/API RP2A 22nd Edition

'UB' For WSD AISC 9th / API RP2A 22nd Edition

“UC” For WSD AISC 9th / API RP 2A 21st edition

“4A” For WSD AISC 14th / API RP 2A 21st edition

SACS® Post-Processor Release 13.0