Module 3:
Containers vs Virtualisation
Introduction to Docker
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• Containers vs VMs
• What is Docker
Agenda • How to use Docker
• What is Dockerfile
• Containers Orchestration
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• Virtualization is the process in which a system singular
resource like RAM, CPU, Disk, or Networking can be
‘virtualized’ and represented as multiple resources.
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Containerization is the packaging of software code with just
the operating system (OS) libraries and dependencies required to
run the code.
Server virtualization is about abstracting hardware and running
an operating system. Containerization is about abstracting an
operating system and running an app.
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Bare Metal vs Virtualization vs Containers
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What is Docker ?
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• Docker is an open-source platform for building, deploying, and
managing containerized applications.
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• Dockerfile – simple text file containing instructions for how to
build a docker image
• Docker Image – contains executable application source code, all
the tools, libraries and dependencies that the application code
needs to run as container
• Docker Container – live, running instance of a docker image
• Docker Hub – Docker's official cloud-based registry for docker
images
• Docker Registry – scalable storage and distribution system for
docker images
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How to install Docker ?
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Docker Usage
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Docker Images
• read-only templates with instructions to create a docker container
• can be pulled from a Docker Hub repository
• create your own docker images using a dockerfile
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Docker Image Commands
Command Description
docker image build Build an image from a Dockerfile
docker image history Show the history of an image
docker image inspect Display detailed information on one or more images
docker image ls List images
docker image prune Remove unused images
docker image pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
docker image push Push an image or a repository to a registry
docker image rm Remove one or more images
docker image tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
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Docker Containers
• environments in which you run applications
• defined by the image and any additional configuration options provided
on starting the container
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Docker Container Commands
Command Description
Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a
docker container attach
running container
docker container create Create a new container
docker container exec Run a command in a running container
docker container inspect Display detailed information on one or more containers
docker container logs Fetch the logs of a container
docker container ls List containers
docker container restart Restart one or more containers
docker container rm Remove one or more containers
docker container start Start one or more stopped containers
docker container stop Stop one or more running containers
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Docker Volumes
• preferred mechanism for persisting data generated by and used by
Docker containers
•docker volume create – create a new volume
•docker volume ls – list all the volumes
•docker volume inspect – returns information about a volume
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Start a container with a volume
--mount -v or --volume
docker run -d \ docker run -d \
--name devtest \ --name devtest \
--mount source=myvol2,target=/app \ -v myvol2:/app \
nginx:latest nginx:latest
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Docker Network
• Docker networking is primarily used to establish
communication between Docker containers and the outside
world via the host machine where the Docker daemon is
running.
Command Description
docker network connect Connect a container to a network
docker network create Create a network
docker network disconnect Disconnect a container from a network
Display detailed information on one or more
docker network inspect
networks
docker network ls List networks
docker network prune Remove all unused networks
docker network rm Remove one or more networks
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Repository refers to the hosted collection of the images creating
the file system for containers.
Registry refers to the host containing the repositories and
providing an HTTP API that helps manage the repositories.
• docker login: To log in to a registry.
• docker logout: To log out from a registry.
• docker search: It will search the registry for the image.
• docker pull: It will pull an image from the registry to the local
machine.
• docker push: It will push an image to the registry from the local
machine.
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• What is a Dockerfile?
Usages for a Dockerfile
Dockerfile •
• Basic syntax
• Example of a Dockerfile
• Resources
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What is a Dockerfile?
• It’s a text document that can be edited by any
text editor (Sublime, Notepad++, VSCode, etc.)
• It contains commands/instructions that help to create and build an
image
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Dockerfile usage
• Ease of use and sharing with other team members
• Customization of pre-build docker images
• Version control of Docker images used in projects
• Automation of building images using CI/CD tools
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Basic syntax
There are few Dockerfile instructions that are used more
frequently, such as:
• FROM
• WORKDIR
• RUN
• COPY
• EXPOSE
• VOLUME
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Basic syntax
• All Dockerfile files require the <FROM> keyword
• Using the <FROM> keyword we set the base image for subsequent
instructions
• Using the <FROM> keyword we can retrieve
the intended images (Apche, Nginx, Python, PHP, etc.) from the
docker registry (local or from hub.docker.com)
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Basic syntax
• The <WORKDIR> instruction sets the working directory for any RUN,
CMD, ENTRYPOINT, COPY and ADD instructions that follow it in the
Dockerfile
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Basic syntax
• The <RUN> instruction executes commands within the container at
build time
• All executed commands are committed to the final build image
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Basic syntax
• The <COPY> instruction copies new files or directories from <src> and
adds them to the filesystem of the container at the path <dest>
• The <src> path must be inside the directory where the image is build,
executing COPY ../something /something will fail
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Basic syntax
• The <EXPOSE> instruction informs Docker that the container listens on
the specified network ports at runtime.
• To publish the port when running the container, use the -p flag
on docker run
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Basic syntax
• The <VOLUME> creates a mount point with the specified name
where data from the container is stored
• It can map local folder to folders located in the docker
container
• A data volume is a specially-designated directory within one or more
containers
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Example of a basic Dockerfile
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Resources
For additional information, consult the following official links:
• Dockerfile reference
• Dockerfile best practices
• Create you own base image
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Containers
Orchestration
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Container orchestration is all about managing the lifecycles of
containers.
Docker – when you want to deploy a single (network
accessible) container
Docker Compose – when you want to deploy multiple
containers to a single host from within a single YAML file
Docker Swarm – when you want to deploy a cluster of docker
nodes (multiple hosts) for a simple, scalable application
Kubernetes – when you need to manage a large deployment
of scalable, automated containers
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Docker Compose is a tool for defining and running multi-container
Docker applications.
Installation:
• Install Docker Desktop
• Install Compose plugin
Ex(Debian/Ubuntu): sudo apt-get install docker-compose-plugin
• Install Compose Standalone
https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/other/
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Docker Compose works by applying many rules declared within a
single docker-compose.yml configuration file.
version: "3.9"
services:
...
volumes:
...
networks:
...
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Command Description
docker compose build Build or rebuild services
docker compose down Stop and remove containers, networks
docker compose exec Execute a command in a running container.
docker compose logs View output from containers
docker compose ls List running compose projects
docker compose pause Pause services
docker compose ps List containers
docker compose stop Stop services
docker compose up Create and start containers
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Resources
• https://docker-curriculum.com/
• https://www.docker.com/101-tutorial/
• https://docs.docker.com/
• https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/
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Homework
• Install Docker Engine on Ubuntu 22 Machine
• Create a docker container which will execute the bash
script from previous homework
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Slack: https://tinyurl.com/e6hjkjsm
Email: hello@newpharma-development.ro
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Thank you!
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