English for Academic and

Professional Purposes
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Writing the Reaction
Paper/Review/Critique
English for Academic and Professional Purposes– Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 6: Writing the Reaction Paper/Review/Critique
First Edition, 2020

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English for Academic
and Professional
Purposes
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Writing the Reaction
Paper/Review/Critique
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to English for Academic and Professional Purposes– Grade 11/12

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Writing the Reaction
Paper/Review/Critique!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the learner:

Welcome to the English for Academic and Professional Purposes– Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Writing the Reaction
Paper/Review/Critique!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know

Writing is a very important skill you need to develop before going to college. Once
you begin college, you should already know how to write. This module is designed to
help you write a reaction paper/review/critique.

By the end of this module you should be able to:

1. understand the principles and uses of a reaction paper/ review/
critique;
2. form opinions based on facts/topics; (CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Id-f-11)
3. apply the principles of writing effective reviews and critiques;
(CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Id-f-17); and
4. write an objective/balanced review or critique of a work of art, an event,
or a program. (CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Id-f-18)

What I Know

Your reaction matters. Look at the

Facebook posts (it may be a work of art,
an event, or a program) in the first
column. Decide whether they are Fake
News or Real News. Choose an emoji
that describes your reaction, then write
a comment in the opposite column.

https://www.republicworld.com/technology-news/apps/how-to-get-react-care-on-facebook-new-hug-reaction-on-facebook.html
Example: Reaction.Haha- FAKE NEWS ALERT! Kahit
Pasko ay hindi palalampasin ng mga fake
newsmakers na ito. May hinahabol na quota?
Bullying is a SERIOUS and SENSITIVE issue
that should never be condoned. I hope this
shouldn’t distract us from doing what is right:
ending the vicious cycle of violence.
 https://m.facebook.com/hontiverosrisa/posts/101
61608466580657

https://jphmpdirect.com/2020/03/25/social-distancing-isnt-working- https://www.facebook.com/ONENewsPH/photos/a.392361604
for-some-young-people-why-not/ 503065/545528899186334/?type=1&theater

1. Reaction: 2. Reaction:

No school until
coronavirus vaccine
is available:
Duterte

https://memebuster.net/world-bank-approving-p500-dutertes-photo-fake/ https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/school-coronavirus-
vaccine-duterte-200526084102106.html

3. Reaction: 4. Reaction:
 Lesson
Writing the Reaction
6 Paper/Review/Critique
A Reaction/Review or a Critique Paper may be a response, or reaction, or a
kind of prompt. The prompt could also be a matter, a current event, or a kind of
media, including movies or video clips.

As a SHS student, you're expected to think at a better level, your instructor

wants to grasp what you think that supported what you have learned, so it's always
an honest idea to incorporate references, whether or not this suggests only
referencing your textbook.

What’s In

Read the reaction paper below then evaluate if it exhibits all the
qualities of a good reaction paper.
Jose Rizal’s novel NOLI ME TANGERE is a work of a brilliant literature. As I
look more deeply into the story line and plotting of the novel, it occurs to me that
this piece of work by Dr. Rizal is precisely a social and political satire. The novel
clearly depicts the current socio-political setting and struggle in the Philippines
before and during his time. The characters of the novel are greatly associated with
those who exist in our incumbent society.
Both the movie and the novel are indeed fascinating to watch or read. The
characters and their personalities where meticulously picked by the author to
represent each strata of the Spanish colonial society in the Philippines. The
oppression and bigotry of the church and its clergymen were clearly illustrated
through the characters of Fr. Damaso and Fr. Salvi. The concept of how wealthy
Indios install influence on the society of elites by holding large parties and
gatherings is best represented by Kapitan Tiago or Santiago de los Santos the father
of Maria Clara who become a puppet of both the church and the government for the
protection of his business interests. Kapitan Tiago symbolizes those businessmen
who fund political campaign of politicians to acquire influence and business
contracts from the government.
The cruelty of the head of the constabulary guards, known as the El Alferez,
to the natives and the retaliation of the indios thru rebellion and subversion in the
personification of Elias was a clear and convincing note of Rizal’s view of the class
struggle of his era. Nonetheless, that this depiction of such a society is still in
existence even of today’s modern time.
There are still those who choose to go to the country side and wage war thru
rebellion and subversion due to the continuing proliferation of violence, corruption
and oppression not anymore from a foreign rule, but from their own people, this is
the materiality of one of Rizal’s prophetic words that in the near future the slaves will
be the one who will enslave there fellow countrymen.
On the other note, Rizal’s appreciation and adoration to the women of his
generation was embodied by his characterization of Maria Clara. Maria Clara was
said to be the symbol of true Filipina beauty and character. She is veiled with great
politeness and with full of grace in her utterance of words and movement of her
delicate, but fragile body. However, just like what happened to Maria Clara, women
now a days were also victims of violence, obscurantism and carnal lust by people of
the church and those in authority. Another woman in the novel was introduced in
the first chapter, she is Doña Victorina de los Reyes de Espadaña or simply known
towards the whole of the novel as Doña Victorina. Unlike the feat of Maria Clara,
Doña Victorina is a more mendicant form of a Filipino of that time. She notoriously
pretends to be a pure Spanish mestiza and by doing so she puts heavy make-up in
her face to miserably mimic Spanish women. She even always belittled other Filipinos
because of their native ways by telling them to be like her, a woman with true
“Spanish sophistication”. I can relate to the character of Doña Victorina even of today
the likeness of her still exists. There are many Filipinos that are willing to drop their
own identities as Filipinos in exchange of a more comfortable way of life being offered
by other foreign land.
Lastly, the evaluation and criticism of Dr. Rizal to the most basic irreducible
unit of the society or the family is worth to be noticed in the passages of the novel. A
basic native Indio family composed of Narcisa or Sisa, her cruel and drunkard
husband Pedro and their two children namely Basilio, ten years of age and Crispin,
seven. The struggle of their family really affected me the most because what they
experienced is still being experienced today without any hint of a doubt. Sisa, as a
loving and caring mother to her two sons always consider the condition and the
wellbeing of her children. She represents all Filipina mothers and our country the
Philippines as our only motherland which always care and provide for us, the
children of this country, we Filipinos. However, unlike Sisa, Pedro is the
personification of a cruel and abusive husband and a citizen of this nation who
always think of himself by satisfying his addiction to all kinds of vices without
considering the negative and abusive effect of such to his people and motherland.
Basilio and Crispin were the clear and convincing representation of child abuse and
slavery which still prospers even of today. There were the victims of cruelty and abuse
by the church and the people in authority who are willing to kill just to enrich and
provide more to themselves even in inhuman ways.
As my conclusion to this reaction paper for the novel NOLI ME TANGERE, I
must admit that Dr. J. Rizal was indeed successful if not triumphant in his aim to
influence and educate his readers to realize the current socio-political scenario of
their times. In his novel, Rizal was able to tackle and to attack the weakness and
cancer of society, both old and new.
Because of this writing, many were moved and raised their consciousness to
a level that was not been realized by the colonial masters. Thus, redirecting the
course of history and even started a revolution for the cause of nationhood identity.
I might say, as form of an opinion, that the NOLI ME TANGERE can be considered
as a Bible of the true situation of the society. Like the Holy Bible of the Christians,
NOLI ME TANGERE depicts stories and passages that exist even today, much less
that it lays down the problem and the rotten system of our modern Philippine society.
 On the other note, Rizal’s appreciation and adoration to the women of his
generation was embodied by his characterization of Maria Clara. Maria Clara was
said to be the symbol of true Filipina beauty and character.
She is veiled with great politeness and with full of grace in her utterance of
words and movement of her delicate, but fragile body. However, just like what
happened to Maria Clara, women now a days were also victims of violence,
obscurantism and carnal lust by people of the church and those in authority.
Another woman in the novel was introduced in the first chapter, she is Doña
Victorina de los Reyes de Espadaña or simply known towards the whole of the novel
as Doña Victorina. Unlike the feat of Maria Clara, Doña Victorina is a more
mendicant form of a Filipino of that time. She notoriously pretends to be a pure
Spanish mestiza and by doing so she puts heavy make-up in her face to miserably
mimic Spanish women. She even always belittled other Filipinos because of their
native ways by telling them to be like her, a woman with true “Spanish
sophistication”. I can relate to the character of Doña Victorina, even of today the
likeness of her still exist. There are many Filipinos that are willing to drop their own
identities as Filipinos in exchange of a more comfortable way of life being offered by
other foreign land.
Lastly, the evaluation and criticism of Dr. Rizal to the most basic irreducible
unit of the society or the family is worth to be noticed in the passages of the novel. A
basic native Indio family composed of Narcisa or Sisa, her cruel and drunkard
husband Pedro and their two children namely Basilio, ten years of age and Crispin,
seven. The struggle of their family really affected me the most because what they
experienced is still being experienced today without any hint of a doubt. Sisa, as a
loving and caring mother to her two sons always consider the condition and the
wellbeing of her children. She represents all Filipina mothers and our country the
Philippines as our only motherland which always care and provide for us, the
children of this country, we Filipinos. However, unlike Sisa, Pedro is the
personification of a cruel and abusive husband and a citizen of this nation who
always think of himself by satisfying his addiction to all kinds of vices without
considering the negative and abusive effect of such to his people and motherland.
Basilio and Crispin were the clear and convincing representation of child abuse and
slavery which still prospers even of today. There were the victims of cruelty and abuse
by the church and the people in authority who are willing to kill just to enrich and
provide more to themselves even in inhuman ways.
As my conclusion to this reaction paper for the novel NOLI ME TANGERE, I
must admit that Dr. J. Rizal was indeed successful if not triumphant in his aim to
influence and educate his readers to realize the current socio-political scenario of
their times. In his novel, Rizal was able to tackle and to attack the weakness and
cancer of society, both old and new. Because of this writing, many were moved and
raised their consciousness to a level that was not been realized by the colonial
masters. Thus, redirecting the course of history and even started a revolution for the
cause of nationhood identity. I might say, as form of an opinion, that the NOLI ME
TANGERE can be considered as a Bible of the true situation of the society. Like the
Holy Bible of the Christians, NOLI ME TANGERE depict stories and passages that
exist even today, much less that it lays down the problem and the rotten system of
our modern Philippine society.

Write a check mark on the Yes column if you think the above reaction paper
exhibits the basic qualities of a good reaction paper.
 Basic qualities of a Good Reaction Paper YES
a. Gives a fair and balance social commentary
b. Provides relevant and accurate information on the
situation
c. Exhibits by means of thorough and in-depth analysis an
appreciation of context (including time, place, people,
involvement, their motivation, and actuations)
d. Makes a clear distinction, through language, between what
is actual and what is probable or possible
e. Exhibits a deep sense of humanity and an understanding
of the human situation even while expressing disapproval or
disagreement most intensely
Basic Qualities of an Adequate Critical Judgment YES
a. Provides accurate and relevant information on the event,
show, or work
b. Exhibits full appreciation of the purpose behind the event,
show, or work
c. Shows a clear understanding of the means (strategies,
techniques, devices, etc.) and their appropriateness and
power in achieving the purpose
d. Exhibits fairness and balance in the judgment made
e. Projects incisive and profound insights into its (1) analysis
of the event on artifact, (2) interpretation of the underlying
meaning or significance of the event or artifact, and (3)
appreciation of the values “(moral and/or aesthetic)
unfolded in every detail of the event or artifact”

Notes to the Teacher

This module prepares the learners for them to be able to
write a Reaction/Review or a Critique Paper within the
standards of writing academic papers.
 What’s New

Format of a Reaction Paper

There are four major parts of a reaction paper. Identify the part being defined in
each of the following items. Write only the letter of your answer before the number.

a. Introduction
b. Body
c. Conclusion
d. Citations

__________ 1. It is the main section, where all the ideas for your essay are
explained.
___________ 2. It is the face of your paper and therefore as a writer you must make
sure, that it looks attractive and increases the urgency of the reader
to proceed to your body paragraphs.
___________ 3. While writing a reaction paper you must include the references for
the sources you have used within your paper. The sources used
should be credible and scholarly so that they can persuade the
reader.
___________ 4. At this point, you wrap up everything by clarifying your opinion.

What is It

How to Write a Reaction Paper?

A reaction or response paper requires the writer to analyze a text, then
develop commentary related to it.
It is a popular academic assignment because it requires thoughtful reading,
research, and writing. You can learn how to write a reaction paper by following
these writing tips.

1.Understand the purpose of a reaction paper.

Reaction or response papers are assigned so that after reading a text, you will
think carefully about what you feel or think about the text.[1] When you write a
response paper, you need to evaluate the text's strengths and weaknesses, along with
if and how well the text accomplishes its objective. A reaction paper is not just a
paper where you express your opinion. These papers require a close reading of the
text that goes beyond the surface meaning. You must respond to implied ideas, and
elaborate, evaluate, and analyze the author's purpose and main points. In many
cases, you can use the first-person "I" while writing reaction papers.

 When you respond to the text, back up your ideas with evidence from the text
along with your own connection of ideas, texts, and overarching concepts.
If you are asked to agree or disagree, you have to provide convincing
evidence about why you feel this way.
 If responding to multiple texts, you must analyze how the texts relate. If
responding to one text, you probably should connect the text to overarching
concepts and themes you have discussed in the class.
 The same assignment may also be given to films, lectures, field trips, labs, or
even class discussions.
 A reaction paper is not a summary of the text. It also does not state, "I liked
this book because it was interesting" or "I hated this because it was boring."

2.Figure out what the assignment is asking.

Before beginning your paper, you must figure out exactly what your teacher
or professor is looking for. Some teachers want you to react by analyzing or
evaluating the reading. Other teachers want a personal response. Make sure you
understand which kind of reaction the assignment calls for.
 If you are unsure, ask the teacher to clarify what they expect from the
assignment.
 You may be asked to react to the text in light of another text. If this is the
case, you will want to use quotations from both texts in your writing.
 You may be asked to react to the text in the light of the class themes. For
example, if you read a book in a Sociology of Gender Roles class, you will
want to read, annotate, and react based on how gender roles are described
in the book.
 You may be asked to react personally to the text. This is less common, but
occasionally the teacher simply wants to know if you have read the text and
thought about it. In this case, you should focus on your opinions of the
book.

3. Read the text you are assigned right after it is assigned.

To complete a reaction paper, you do not just read, give your opinion, and turn
in the paper. A reaction paper synthesizes the texts, which means you take the
information you read and bring it together so you can analyze and evaluate. You have
to give yourself time to do the readings, but more importantly, to digest what you've
read so you can put the ideas together.
 One of the biggest mistakes that students make is waiting until the last
minute to read and react. A reaction is a thoughtful consideration after
reading and rereading several times.
 You may need to reread the text multiple times. First, to read and familiarize
yourself with the text, then again to start thinking about the assignment
and your reactions.
 4. Write down your initial reactions.
After you read through the first time, jot down your initial reactions to the text.
Do the same thing on any subsequent readings.
 Try completing some of the following sentences after you read: I think that..., I
see that..., I feel that..., It seems that..., or In my opinion...[6]

5. Annotate the text as you read.

As you read through the text again, annotate it. Annotating in the margins of
the text allows you to easily locate quotations, plot lines, character development, or
reactions to the text. If you fail to annotate thoroughly, it will be more difficult to
create a cohesive reaction paper.

6. Question as you read.

As you read the text, you must start questioning the text. This is where your
evaluation of the material and your reaction begins. Some questions to consider
include:
 What issues or problems does the author address?
 What is the author's main point?
 What points or assumptions does the author make, and how does she back
that up?
 What are strengths and weaknesses? Where are problems with the argument?
 How do the texts relate? (if multiple texts)
 How do these ideas connect to the overall ideas of the class/unit/etc?

Drafting Your Essay

1. Freewrite.
Start by freewriting your reactions and evaluations of the author's ideas. Try to
put into words what you think the author is trying to do and whether you agree or
disagree. Then ask yourself why and explain these things. Freewriting is a great way
to start getting your ideas on paper and getting past that initial writer's block.
 When you finish, read back over what you have just written. Determine what
your strongest and most convincing reactions are. Prioritize your points.
2. Decide on your angle.
Reaction papers must be critical and have some evaluation of the text.
Otherwise, you are just summarizing what you read. After freewriting, decide what
your angle is. Keep asking yourself the same questions as you craft a coherent
reaction.
 Think about why the author has written the article or story as they have. Why
did he structure things in this way? How does this relate to the outside
world?
3. Determine your thesis.
Now that you have completed your freewriting and found your angle, you can
now shape this into an argument. What interesting thing do you have to say about
what you just read? Start to state why what you said is interesting and important.
This is the core of your reaction paper. Take all your points, opinions, and
observations, and combine them into one claim that you will prove. This is your
thesis.
 Your thesis will be one statement that explains what you will analyze, criticize,
or try to prove about the text. It will force your reaction paper to remain
focused.
4. Organize your paper.

Your paper should follow basic essay format. It needs an introduction, body
paragraphs, and a conclusion. Each body paragraph should directly support your
thesis. In each body paragraph, you should be reacting to a different portion of the
text. Organize your reactions together into a few common topics so you can write
them into paragraphs.

 For example, if you are reacting to a theme in a book, you can split the
paragraphs into how the setting, antagonist, and figurative imagery
communicate the themes successfully or unsuccessfully.

5. Gather quotations.

After you organize your ideas into paragraphs, you need to find quotations that
will support your points. You must back up your claims with evidence from the text.
Look at your annotations for quotations that support your thesis.

 Draft paragraphs that introduce quotations, analyze them, and comment

on them.
6. Structure your paragraphs.
Your paragraphs should always start with a topic sentence. Then you have to
decide how to structure your paragraph. You can start with what the author says
and follow that with your reaction. Or you can start with the author and then follow
with how your reaction contrasts. You generally want to start with what the author
says first and follow it with your reaction.

A good way to think about structuring your paragraph is: detail,

example/quotation, commentary/evaluation, repeat.

Writing Your Final Draft

1. Write your introduction.
Make sure your introductory paragraph states the name of the text, the author, and
the focus of your paper. You may also want to include the year of publication and
the publication it was taken from if relevant. It is also good to include the topic of the
text and the author's purpose.

 The last sentence of your introduction should be your thesis.

2. Reread your reaction paragraphs to ensure you make a stance.
Although most reaction papers do not ask specifically for your opinion, you should
be critiquing, analyzing, and evaluating the text, rather than just sticking to the
facts.

 Look for places where you simply report what the texts says instead of
providing a critique or evaluation of what the text says.
 3. Explain the greater implications of the text for the class, author,
audience, or yourself.
One good way to analyze and evaluate the text is to connect it to other ideas you have
discussed in the class. How does this text compare to other texts, authors, themes,
or time periods?

 If you have been asked to give a statement about your opinion, the conclusion
may be the best place to insert it. Some teachers may allow you to state the
personal opinions in the body paragraphs. Make sure to double check with
the teacher first.
4. Edit for clarity and length.
Since reaction papers are usually short, you do not want them to be long. They can
range from 500 words to 5 pages. Make sure to read your assignment carefully to
make sure you follow directions.

 Read through for clarity. Are your sentences clear? Have you supported and
fully argued your points? Is there any place where you are confusing?
5. Proof and spell check your document.
Proof by reading for grammar errors. Look for run-ons, fragments, verb tense
issues, and punctuation errors. Check for spelling.

6. Ask yourself if you responded to the assignment adequately.

Double check your assignment guidelines. Make sure you have followed your
teacher's directions. If you did, it is ready to submit.

What’s More

Read the essay on digital divide then make your own reaction paper. Be guided
by the questions for comprehension.

Introduction

The invention of the computer and the subsequent birth of the internet have
been the most significant advances of the 20th century.

Over the course of the past few decades, there has been a remarkable rise in
the use of computers and the internet. Sahay (Sahay, Rishika. The causes and Trends
of the Digital Divide. 2005. Web) asserts that the ability of computing technologies to
traverse geographical and social barriers has resulted in the creation of a closer-knit
global community. In addition to this, the unprecedented high adoption rate of the
internet has resulted in it being a necessity in the running of our day to day lives.

However, there have been concerns since these life transforming technologies
are disparately available to people in the society. People in the high-income bracket
have been seen to have a higher access to computer and the internet.
This paper argues that the digital divide does exist and sets out to provide a better
understanding of the causes of the same. Solutions to this problem are also
addressed by this paper.

What is the Digital Divide?

The term divide is mostly used to refer to the economic gap that exists between
the poor and richer members of the society. In relation to technology, the OECD
defines digital divide as “the gap between individuals, households, businesses and
geographic areas at different socio-economic levels with regard both to their
opportunities to access information and communication technologies (ICTs) and to
their use of the Internet for a wide variety of activities.”. As such, the digital divide
refers to the disparities in access of communication technology experienced by
people.

Causes of the Digital Divide

While the respective costs of computers and internet access have reduced
drastically over the years, these costs remain significantly expensive for some people
in the population. As a result of this, household income is still a large determinant
of whether internet access is available at a home.

Income is especially a large factor in developing countries where most people

still find the cost of owning a PC prohibitive. However, income as a factor leading to
the digital divide is not only confined to developing nations. A report by the NTIA
indicated that across the United States, internet access in homes continued to be
closely correlated with the income levels.

Education also plays a key role in the digital divide. The National
Telecommunications and Information Administration indicates that in America,
certain groups such as Whites and Asian Americans who possess higher educational
levels have higher levels of both computer ownership as well as access to the internet
(3). This is because the more educated members of the society are having a higher
rate of increased access to computers and internet access as opposed to the less
educated. MORE

A simple increase in the access to computer hardware resources through the

production of low-cost versions of information technology which is affordable to many
does not necessarily result in a reduction in the digital divide. This is because in
addition to the economic realities there are other prominent factors.
The lack of technological knowhow has been cited as further widening the
digital divide. This means that even with access to technology, people might still be
unable to make effective usage of the same. Sahay best expresses this problem by
asserting that “just by providing people with computers and internet access, we
cannot hope to devise a solution to bridge the digital divide.”

Another cause of the digital divide is the social and cultural differences evident
in most nations in the world. One’s race and culture have been known to have a deep
effect on their adoption and use of a technology (Chen and Wellman 42).

This is an opinion which is shared by Sahay who notes that people with fears,
assumptions or pre-conceived notions about technology may shy away from its
usage. As such, people can have the economic means and access to computers and
the internet, but their culture may retard their use of the same.

Reducing the Divide

The digital divide leads to a loss of the opportunity by many people to benefit
from the tremendous economic and educational opportunities that the digital
economy provides (NTIA 3). As such, the reduction of this divide by use of digital
inclusion steps is necessary for everyone to share in the opportunities provided. As
has been demonstrated above, one of the primary causes of the digital divide is the
income inequality between people and nations.

Most developing countries have low income levels and their population cannot
afford computers. To help alleviate this, programs have been put in place to reduce
the cost of computers or even offer them for free to the developing countries. For
example, a project by Quanta Computer Inc in 2007 set out to supply laptops to
developing world children by having consumers in the U.S. buy 2 laptops and have
one donated to Africa (Associated Press).

Studies indicate that males are more likely than females in the comparable
population to have internet access at home mostly since women dismiss private
computer and internet usage (Korupp and Szydlik 417). The bridging of this gender
divide will therefore lead to a reduction in the digital divide that exists.

In recent years, there has been evidence that the gender divide is slowly
closing. This is mostly because of the younger generation who use the computer and
internet indiscriminately therefore reducing the strong gender bias that once existed.
This trend should be encouraged to further accelerate the bridging of the digital
divide.

As has been illustrated in this paper, there exist non-economic factors that
may lead to people not making use of computers, hence increasing the digital divide.
These factors have mostly been dismissed as more attention is placed on the income
related divide. However, dealing with these social and cultural related divides will
also lead to a decrease in the divide. By alleviating the fears and false notions that
people may have about technology, people will be more willing to use computers and
the internet.

Conclusion

A divide, be it digital or economic acts as a major roadblock in the way for

economic and social prosperity. This paper set out to investigate the digital divide
phenomena. To this end, the paper has articulated the issue of digital divide, its
causes, and solutions to the problem.

While some people do suggest that the digital divide will get bridged on its own
as time progresses, I believe that governments should take up affirmative action and
fund projects that will result in a digitally inclusive society. Bridging of the digital
divide will lead to people and nations increasingly being included in knowledge-based
societies and economies. This will have a positive impact to every community in the
entire world.
Reading and Reacting to the Text

1. Unlocking verbal difficulties. To understand the text better, look up the

meanings of these difficult expressions and use them in sentences:
a. Equity
b. Grow exponentially
c. Instantaneously
d. Similar disparities
e. Exacerbates disparities
f. Authentic settings

2. Understanding the Text

Answer these guide questions to help you understand the essay:
a. What comprise “information technology” and its far-reaching effects?
b. What are the implications of having “only 6 percent of the population in
developing countries [are] connected to telephones?”
c. What is meant by “digital divide?”
d. Explain how income, race, education, household type, and geographical
location affect digital equity.
e. Why are women and minority groups not eligible for the jobs with the
highest salaries?
f. Why do schools with rich students have greater access to Internet?
g. How can the computer and the internet be the great equalizer among
people?
h. How does the use of figures and percentages bolster the observations
that certain factors have created the “digital divide?”

3. Reacting to the Text

a. How can the internet be used in “culturally relevant ways?”

b. In the Philippines, have students benefitted much from information
technology?
c. Can computers and internets bridge the gaps in educational achievements
between the rural and urban schools in the Philippines?
d. Can we say that information technology has become an end in the
Philippines? Why or why not?
e. Considering that internet speed in the Philippines is much slower than
that of its ASEAN neighbors, does this speed create another reason for
disparity?

4. Analyzing the Text Structure

a. Introduction – Information Technology is “influencing the way many

people live and work today; computers are common in homes and work
areas.”

b. Thesis - Access to information technology affects our work and way of

life.

c. Supporting Details

(1.) Despite the growing number of computers, the world’s population

have little access to computers and the internet.
 (2.) Only 6 percent of the third world countries have telephones, much
fewer have computers.

(3.) In the USA, except for the Native Americans with few telephones, 94%
have telephones, but only 56 percent have computers.

(4.) Income, race, education, household type, and geographical location

create “digital divides.

(5.) Ethnic minorities (African-Americans, Latinos and Native Americans)

and women (gender) benefit less from information technology jobs.

(6.) The schools of the rich children have greater access to the internet.

d. Conclusion –Equal or greater access to computers and the internet plus

their interacting with the technology as an end to itself, will reduce
disparities in schools, and among peoples.

Concluding Activities

Engage yourself in these learning activities:

1. Academic Track. Research on the number of students in your school who

have laptops and tablets and have internet access. Find out how they use
the internet – as resources for assignments, for social media sites such as
Facebook and blogs, or some other reason. Write a two-paragraph reaction
on how beneficial to their educational needs the internet could be.

2. Art and Design. The different arts may now be executed using computer
technology. Prepare a computer-aided design or visual representation of
the digital divide discussed in the essay.

3. Tech Voc. Write a two-paragraph commentary on how diverse industrial

arts can benefit from the computer and internet access.

4. Sports. Write a two- to three-paragraph commentary on online sports

games – how popular are these games? How effective are these in
developing sportsmanship, and physical health?

Summary

1. Thesis: Computers and the internet may have affected various facets of
our life; however, most of the world’s population have little access to
computer technology and the internet.

2. Strategy for development – The essay uses figures and percentages to

represent the groups that do not have as much access to the internet
as the rich, the white, and the educated Americans.
 What I Have Learned

A Reaction/Review or a Critique Paper may be a response, or reaction, to

some style of prompt. The prompt is also a matter, a current, event, or a sort of
media, including movies or video clips. As a SHS (College) student, you're expected
to think at the next level, your instructor wants to grasp what you're thinking that
supported what you've got learned, so it's always an honest idea to incorporate
references, whether or not this implies only referencing your textbook.

A good reaction paper gives a fair and balance social commentary; provides
relevant and accurate factual information on the situation; exhibits by means of
thorough and in-depth analysis an appreciation of context (including time, place,
people, involvement, their motivation, and actuations); makes a clear distinction,
through language, between what is actual and what is probable or possible; exhibits
a deep sense of humanity and an understanding of the human situation even while
expressing disapproval or disagreement most intensely.

What I Can Do

Read the following example of a movie review (courtesy of

https://www.bigscreen.com/ReaderReview.php?movie=Titanic).

Parts of a Reaction Paper Your reaction/comments

Introduction "Titanic" is one of the best movies I have ever seen,

a three-hour epic of a torn love relationship set
An introduction, which gives against the sinking of the "Titanic" in 1912.
all the background Director James Cameron has made his best film, a
information, such as $200 million love story with the most realistic
the type of the film, cast and visual effects I have ever seen, along with the most
the director, main characters, understandable story from a mainstream director.
and the setting. Call it "Gone with The Wind on The High Seas." This
is by far the best major studio film of the decade.

The film opens with an expedition crew, led by

Brock (Bill Paxton), diving down to the wreck of
Titanic off the coast of Newfoundland. Finding a
safe on the wreck, believed to contain a priceless
 diamond, the crew finds not the diamond but a
picture of a woman. The picture is broadcast on TV,
only to have the survivor, the woman in that
picture, Rose (Gloria Stuart), phones the expedition
crew and claims that she is the woman in that
picture. She visits the crew and begins to tell them
the fate of the Titanic.

Body Then the film swoops right back to 1912, where we

meet Rose, as a 17 year old girl (played by Kate
A main body, which deals Winslet), arriving with her rich as nuts fiancée Cal
with the key plot (Billy Zane) and company to be, among others, on
elements as well as the the first class deck of the first ever sailing of the
comments on the acting, new Titanic ship. On they go, and then we visit Jack
directing and character (Leonardo DiCaprio) on a hand of poker, with his
development. buddy (Danny Nucci). The prize: two tickets on the
"Titanic" for its sail to New York. Jack hits a full
house, and the two are off, running to the almost
leaving ship. They are heading for third class.

The beautiful, massive boat sets sail, as we learn

more about Kate and her relationship to her Cal
(her mother has forced her to marry him just for the
money), which she desperately wants out of and
will even jump off the boat to do it. Here is where
she meets Jack, who saves her life and is treated by
the upmost respect by Cal and company. So here is
Jack, a drifter from the third class, being invited to
a boring first-class dinner and conversation. Jack
kindly accepts, only to blow the engagement
halfway and take Rose down to a fun Irish party. I
love how these two scenes were set up, and how the
action of a blast of an Irish party cut with a quiet
first-class party. (Not to mention getting a look at
the steam room, the heart of the ship, which is so
massive I cannon even get into detail)

Jack and Rose eventually fall for each other, and

their love is wonderful; finally Cameron (who wrote
the script) has gotten a real love relationship down
on film. The results are beautiful, from the
eroticism of Jack painting that historical picture of
Rose naked, to the two having sex in the car she
rode in on.

You know the whole "Titanic" legend, the ship sails

 and sinks. But the latter half of the movie is getting
to see how this ship went down. The ship hits an
iceberg, the beginning of the end. At first, even the
viewer would doubt that this little encounter with
ice would harm the ship. But it starts taking on
water, faster and faster, until the crew discover that
the boat will eventually sink like a stone. Although
you have a pretty good idea what happens next, I
will go no further, only to tell you that the disaster
of the Titanic on film is the most horrifying I have
ever seen, and the most amazing.

Conclusion I feel this is a good romantic movie. There are many

good things about this movie such as the acting.
A conclusion, which is The Acts in this movie were very good in playing the
mainly the opinion of the parts of people form 1914. I also liked the special
author about whether the effects of this movie and how they based the story
film is worth watching. on fact or fiction. There are a few things that I really
did not like about this movie One is the Gun which
Roses bodyguard is caring around the gun is a
semi-auto 9mmI do not think they were invented
until about 60 years later. Another thing is how
Jack never tries very hard to get on the door with
her. Overall, this was a very good movie and I feel
you should go see it in the theater.

Using the given example, write a review of your own favorite movie. Be
guided by the following rubric from Homework Market .com at
https://www.homeworkmarket.com/questions/diary-of-a-heroin-addict .

Reaction Paper Grading Rubric

Name: Total Points: /50

Content: Topic Background (10 points): __________

• Topic background and connection to course content (lecture
notes, text) are covered thoroughly, clearly, and accurately

Content: Opinions & points of view (10 points): __________

• At least three key points made by speaker or film were
addressed thoroughly, clearly, and accurately

Content: New info learned (10 points): __________

• At least three new pieces of information were described
• Opinion of speaker or film was discussed, along
with reasons for your opinion
 Writing (15 points): __________
• Grammar, punctuation, and spelling are correct
• Logical progression of sentence structure and paragraph
Structure

Format (5 points): __________

• Paper is typed, 12 point font, 1 inch margins
• Paper is at least 2 pages (excluding title, name, etc.)

Assessment

Read the reaction paper below then do the following task.

All Together Against the Unseen Enemy
By: Zharmaine T. Relucano
ADAS II, Dr. Victoria B. Roman Memorial High School

The Corona Virus Disease (CoVid-19), on 11th of March 2020 was

declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization has laid the healthy
life of people at risk. At first, it seems like a common disease in Wuhan China, with
symptoms like dry cough, tiredness, and fever. The infected person reportedly
suffered difficulty in breathing and soon died. People from all nations are frightened
when it became pandemic. In some countries, like China and Italy, these
governments were the first ones to declare a lockdown, in which people were ordered
to limit going outside their respective homes. Restrictions on travel coming from other
countries were imposed to contain the virus.
In the Philippines, the lives of many have been affected by this
pandemic. At first, the Philippine government did not take firm precautionary
measures right away. Though there is a high risk of spreading the virus in our
country due to the incoming tourists who were exposed to countries that already
have severe CoVid-19 cases. Many Filipinos have questioned the government. Most
of us were asking: Why tourists coming from Wuhan China were the only ones
restricted to enter the Philippines? Some said that our current administration was
protecting its relationship with other countries, while others thought that it would
badly affect our economy.
As anticipated, more and more Filipinos got infected as days went on.
The President had no choice than to implement Community Quarantine in Metro
Manila, the very first place where a great number of people were infected.
Along with stay at home policy, people who need to go out for special
reasons were ordered to follow social distancing and wear face masks for the
protection of themselves and the people around them.
 According to Assistant Professor at the University of Health Policy and
Administration at the University of Philippines Manila, Emirito Faraon in an
interview on 14th of March 2020 with Foreign Policy, “I think our government should
have done it earlier, but because we follow protocols, we had to wait for tipping
points”.
Considering the status of our country, we cannot deny the fact that
many Filipinos would not be able to follow those rules. One factor of this is that our
transportation system, as we have noticed, especially in Metro Manila, there is a frail
system. Those working in Manila normally depend on transportation like trains and
busses. Every day these transportations get crowded during and even when not in
rush hours. It clearly shows that social distancing in crowded cities would be hard
to sustain.
Another factor is that many Filipinos are considered minimum wage
earners, in which, they are obliged to continue working for them to be paid. Since
many are daily paid and under a no work no pay status, they still head to work and
do not mind the alarming spread of the CoVid-19.
It seems like the first community quarantine failed. Aside from those
factors, rules that were first imposed were vague which of course aroused confusion
on many of us. That is why President Duterte thought of another strategy. He then
mandated the whole Luzon to be placed under Enhanced Community Quarantine
(ECQ). The word enhanced means it is much stricter and clearer provisions were
publicly stretched out.
The first day of the said community-wide quarantine caused a ruckus
since people were still not complying and cooperating with the new set of rules.
Notwithstanding the government’s promises, people insisted on going to work,
risking their own lives and their families as well, just to make a living.
As a result, the President instructed the leaders of Local Government
Units (LGUs) to ensure that their constituents should strictly follow precautionary
measures to contain the virus and make use of their available resources that will
help those affected by the said quarantine. Some LGUs have allotted enough fund
but some had a hard time due to limited resources. It had been observed that in the
outbreak of this dreaded disease, LGUs had been resourceful enough to feed the
hungry mob.
We cannot deny the fact that we do not have an advanced healthcare
system compared to other countries. It would be a great help for our healthcare
workers if we will all cooperate and take precautionary measures seriously for us to
win the fight against this invisible and deadly enemy.
Mitigating the spread of the virus is a crucial function of our public
servants in the National Government, in every LGUs and especially of our front liners.
With limited resources of PPE and test kits, they are still positively carrying their
duties. All the same, it is not only their fight. It is a fight for all of us whether we are
at home or in the front line, this fight is equally ours.
ECQ directly affects our economy. Our tourist economy has been
affected since there were travel restrictions. Importations and exportations have been
likewise affected since other countries have also closed their borders. There was a
decline in the consumption of non-essential commodities except health-related
commodities because people would prioritize biological necessities, medical supplies,
and commodities. With that, sectors producing non-essential necessities, have
incurred losses.
This pandemic should be a lesson for each one of us. We have seen
shortcomings from our government, but some leaders are continuously making
much effort to win this global battle. This seems to be more than World War Three
where guns and bombs are useless. Unity more than anything else is much needed
at this time of difficulties. Obedience and trust to the leaders we had once entrusted
our country as we voted for them during the election are in demand.
With this experience, may it serve as a tool for our government to
enhance the quality of serving its people. May the government truly act with passion
and honesty for us not to be threatened again as we are caught unprepared when
history repeats itself.
People should now be aware of the importance of our leaders. May they
also think more than twice as they cast their votes for the people whom they will
entrust their survival against unseen enemies. It could have been easier to fight if
you can see your enemies. Unfortunately, our eyes are useless with this foe. Hence,
we must use our hearts and intellectuals. Keep ourselves safe and others too, by
following rules.
All together, we can win this war!

Your Task: Using the above example as your guide, write you own reaction
paper about a contemporary issue.

Additional Activities

Write a reaction paper based on the following news article.

Manila Mayor visits Bataan, says he is a Bataeno at heart

Manila Mayor Isko Moreno paid a courtesy visit to Bataan Gov. Albert S.
Garcia at his office in The Bunker in this city last Tuesday. The Manila mayor, who
has relatives living in Pilar town in this province, was visiting his sick mother at a
hospital here
 The Manila mayor caused a slight commotion among his fans from the
employees at The Bunker who waited for him to arrive. They asked for his
autograph and took turns posing for souvenir photos with him.

Gov. Garcia and Pilar Mayor Charlie Pizarro met with Mayor Isko and took
him on a tour of the Bunker, which serves as the province’s government center and
business hub. Garcia explained to Moreno that the Bunker “is a success story for
the Public-Private Partnership.”

In his two-hour visit, the local chief executives had a productive exchange of
ideas and best practices regarding their respective efforts to fight COVID-19 and its
effects on livelihood and economyMoreno elaborated on the measures they have put
in place in Manila regarding health and education. He said that the construction of
a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test laboratory, the establishment of quarantine
facilities, and renovating hospitals, and making sure that existing public hospital
operations are efficient are vital in the fight against COVID-19.

The Manila Mayor also praised the leadership of Garcia in Bataan amidst the
COVID crisis. He acknowledged the tremendous challenges everyone faces in this
time of the pandemic as a “true test for a public servant.”

At one point, Moreno reminisced about his younger days when he used to
live as a young man in Pilar town working at a farm. He said, “I will always be a
Bataeno at heart.”

The two mayors agreed on the possibility of the City of Manila and the
Municipality of Pilar to enter into a sisterhood agreement as soon as the prevailing
health crisis is resolved.
Use the following rubric as your guide for evaluating your work.

9-10 Points 8 Points 0-7 Points Grade

The thesis is well written and Thesis was present, but was Thesis is confusing or
Thesis clearly indicates the simplistic, confusing, or underdeveloped.
10 pts. direction of the essay. underdeveloped.

The introduction is clear and The introduction provided The introduction provided
Introduction interesting with excellent some information and was little or no relevant
10 pts. information and appeal. moderately interesting. information.

The conclusion relates back The conclusion does not The conclusion is
Conclusion to the thesis and leaves the contribute well to the thesis underdeveloped and not
10 pts. reader with a final thought. or development of the essay. thought out well.

The thesis is supported with The thesis is supported with There is minimal, irrelevant,
Evidence relevant, accurate, and limited evidence. or insufficient evidence.
10 pts. substantial evidence. Three
Scriptures were used.
There is effective analysis of Adequate analysis is present, There is little analysis; there
Analysis the evidence and it but it is simplistic or is more summary than
10 pts. addresses all aspects of the superficial. analysis.
thesis.
Essay has strong structure, Essay has weak structure, The essay was wandering,
Organization logical flow, and a clear but an understandable incoherent, or unorganized
10 pts. progression of ideas. thought process. with little agreement
between ideas.
There are little to no errors There are some errors, but it There are errors, or major
Mechanics (spelling, punctuation, etc.). does not detract from the errors that distract the
10 pts. Demonstrates a high degree overall essay. The writing in reader.
of skill, complexity, and style. competent.
All parenthetical citations There are some mistakes in There are several mistakes in
MLA Format conform to MLA format. parenthetical citations. parenthetical citations.
(Citations)
10 pts.

The heading, margins, etc. There are some mistakes. There are several mistakes.
MLA Format conform to MLA format.
(Heading, Margins, etc.)
10 pts.

The Works Cited page There are some mistakes. There are several mistakes.
MLA Format conforms to MLA format.
(Worked Cited)
10 pts.
 Answer Key
d. Yes
e. Yes c. Yes
d. Yes b. Yes
c. Yes a. Yes
C 4.
b. Yes judgment D 3.
a. Yes
critical S 2.
paper B 1.
adequate
good reaction
Qualities of an
Qualities of a What’s New:
What’s In: What is It:

References
DepEd (2016). K to 12 Curriculum Guide. English for Academic and
Professional Purposes

DepEd (2016) English for Academic and Professional Purposes Teacher’s Guide
First Edition

Ezez. 2020. Aresearchguide.com.

https://www.aresearchguide.com/write-reaction-paper.html

IvyPanda. 2019. "The Digital Divide." December 1, 2019.

https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-digital-divide/.

Ezez. 2020. "Academic Writing Service - WriteMyPapers.org". Writemypapers.org.

https://www.writemypapers.org/examples-and-samples/examples-of-
movie-review.html.

Gigje, Joseph G. July 01, 2017.

https://josephgigje.blogspot.com/2017/07/reaction-paper-to-j-rizals-
novel-noli.html

Pinterest. 2020.
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/29203097553408938/

Ezez. 2020. "Stimulate your students with these 10 creative self assessment
ideas". BookWidgets Blog.
https://www.bookwidgets.com/blog/2017/06/stimulate-your-
students-with-these-10-creative-self-assessment-ideas.

Ezez. 2020. . Laney.edu

https://laney.edu/ari_krakowski/wp-
content/uploads/sites/40/2011/01/Reaction-Paper-assignmt.pdf
 Pizaro Shirley Matias. July 09, 2020.
https://mb.com.ph/2020/07/09/manila-mayor-visits-bataan-says-he-
is-a-bataeno-at
heart/?fbclid=IwAR2_VfqEj_A2mbnr9Ui63Nd9wXjWMERaGNJySwWQO2ePb-
DRhsCmFtMgsGo.

Ezez. 2020. "IPA Recipients for September 2017". University of the Philippines.

https://ovpaa.up.edu.ph/ipa-recipients-for-september-2017/.

Ezez. 2020. "IPA Recipients for September 2017". University of the Philippines.

https://ovpaa.up.edu.ph/ipa-recipients-for-september-2017/.

Ezez. 2020. . Leeclassroom.com.

http://leeclassroom.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Reaction-
Paper-Rubric.pdf.
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph