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ROADS
Ox VEHICLES
Reindeer
BICYCLE - One of ancestors of the
Dog
modern bicycle was the HOB HORSE or
Donkey
DANDY HORSE, which could be seen on
Elephant
the English macadamized roads after
Horse
1818. The wheels of these machines
Camel
were of wood, with tires of iron, and
Yak
the riders pushed themselves along
with their feet on the ground.
WIND POWER
PNEUMATIC TIRES - These tire Later on, air transportation and modern
appeared in late 19th century and water transportation were also developed. In
invented by a Scot, JOHN BOYD land transportation, the Light Rail Transit (LRT)
DUNLOP. These are tires that are and the Metro Rail Transit (MRT) were also
inflated by air. introduced.
MOTOR VEHICLE - French ETIENNE
LENOIR made motorized carriages by
his possible the introduction of TRAFFIC Etymology & Definition
invention in the 1860's of the INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINE. This is the first
commercially successful internal
TRAFICO
combustion engine.
NICOLAUS OTTO and GOTTLIEB - The word traffic originates from GRECO-
DAIMLER pioneered the manufacture of ROMAN word "TRAFICO" with reference to the
GAS ENGINES. This is called as OTTO movement of people that dates back from the
ENGINE and is considered as the dawns of history: from the domesticated horse-
modern internal combustion engine. drawn wheels to horseless carriage.
DAMLIER, on the other hand, became a
successful automobile manufacturer. TRAFRIGA
RUDOLF DIESEL, a German engineer,
The GREEK originally called the system
then developed an internal combustion
"TRAFRIGA" after the early horse-drawn
engine which is similar with the gasoline
chariots with spoked wheels.
engine but requires no electrical
ignition system or carburetor and uses COMMERCIUM
other form of liquid fuel known as
DIESEL FUEL. In LATIN, the word traffic is denominated as
"COMMERCIUM" with reference to the
movement and control of goods in transit from
un-wheeled axle to horseless carriage.
MOTOR VEHICLE
TRAFIQ
In 1908, HENRY FORD introduced the
MODEL T, which was proved so popular that by In ARABIC, the word traffic is denominated
1914, Ford had adopted mass production as "TRAFIQ" with reference to distribution
methods to meet the demand. which means people and vehicle coming and
going.
From Ford Era, the demand of vehicles
became great for the transportation of goods, TRAFFICO/TRAFFICARE
products, communications and people. Hence
the manufacturing of other models of In ITALIAN, the word traffic is denominated
automobiles, trucks, buses. as "TRAFFICO OR TRAFFICARE" which means "to
trade or to carry on trade.
DISTINCTION
TRANSPORTATION - The carrying or conveying 1. TRAFFIC INCIDENTS - these are events that
of goods and persons from one place to disrupt the normal flow of traffic, usually by
another. physical impedance in the travel lanes.
These include: vehicular crashes,
TRAFFIC - The movement of goods and persons breakdowns, and debris in travel lanes.
from one place to another 2. WORK ZONES - these are construction
activities on the roadway that result in
physical changes to the highway
LESSON 2: TRAFFIC CONGESTION environment.
3. WEATHER - these refers to the
Traffic congestion is a state wherein
environmental conditions that can lead to
transport is slowed, and more vehicles are
changes in driver behavior that affect traffic
queueing on a given road. It usually relates to
flow.
an excess of vehicles on a portion of roadway at
a particular time resulting in speeds that are
slower than normal or "free flow" speeds.
TRAFFIC DEMAND
- at the curb or edge of the highway; and ● At major bus stops or controlled stations,
loading and unloading will only be allowed at
- at any place where official signs have been
designated areas between the markers “Start of
displayed prohibiting parking.
Loading/Unloading Area” and “End of
4. IF IN DOUBT, DO NOT OVERTAKE Loading/Unloading Area.”
● The driver of a vehicle shall not drive to the ● Incoming buses outside the designated area
left side of the centerline of a highway in must observe “Closed Door Policy.”
overtaking or passing another vehicle
proceeding in the same direction, unless such
left side is clearly visible, and is free of 6. RULES TO PREVENT OR UNTANGLE TRAFFIC
oncoming traffic for a sufficient distance ahead JAMS
to permit such overtaking or passing to be
made in safety. ● Keep opposing lanes and intersections open.
● There shall be no overtaking in heavy, slow or
● The vehicle being overtaken is the privileged stopped traffic.
vehicle. The driver keeps his lane, reduces or
maintain speed and allows the overtaking ● The vehicles should merge alternately,
vehicle to pass. He shall not increase the speed whenever there is a road construction.
until completely passes by the overtaking 7. OBSERVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
vehicle. MEASURES
● BUS YELLOW LANE - City buses are the only ● HIGH OCCUPANCY VEHICLE (HOV) TRAFFIC
ones allowed to traverse the 1st and 2nd yellow SCHEME - traversing EDSA during rush hour
lanes or the first two lanes near the sidewalk. (period between 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. and
On the other hand, private cars and provincial 6:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m.) on weekdays in an effort
buses should drive within the 3rd lane. That to lessen the volume of traffic in Metro Manila’s
means, they will be apprehended once they main thoroughfare.
enter the yellow lanes except when they need
to make a turn.
● Walk on sidewalks whenever they are ● Be extra cautious when backing up—
available. pedestrians can move into your path.
RA NO. 10913
SALIENT FEATURES Anti-Distracted Driving Act (ADDA)
It indicates that the helmets to be used Law that prohibits a person who is
by motorcycle riders are those that comply with driving a motor vehicle from holding and using
the guidelines regarding the specifications of mobile communication devices and electronic
standard protective motorcycle helmets, issued entertainment gadgets.
by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI).
Traffic Signs
Traffic Signals
Road Markings
C. MOVEMENT/DIRECTIONAL
SERIES – contains number of
CLASSIFICATION OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES
signs that affect specific
1. The TRAFFIC SIGNS — they provide local vehicle maneuvers.
information to drivers. It is made from
reflective material in high-contrast colors,
they are highly visible in headlights at night.
Signs may use — words and symbols to
communicate meaning. The shape of a
traffic sign communicates important
information about the sign's message as
well.
I. REGULATORY SIGNS - These signs
require the driver to obey the D. STOP SIGNS AND PARKING
signs for the safety of other road SIGNS - It includes parking
users. These signs are also called signs which indicate not only
— MANDATORY SIGNS because parking prohibitions or
they inform users of a law, and restrictions, but also indicate
drivers must obey these signs. places where parking is
permitted, the type Of
A. RIGHT OF WAY SERIES vehicle to be parked,
This includes two unique signs duration for parking etc.
that assign the right of way to
the selected
CAUTIONARY SIGNS that give
information to the driver about
the impending road condition.
A. HORIZONTAL
E. PROHIBITED/RESTRICTIVE ALIGNMENT SIGNS –
SIGNS - It indicates no entry indicates approaching
for either all vehicles or curve road structures.
specific traffic units. It also B. ROAD WIDTH SIGNS –
indicates movements that indicates approaching
are not allowed on the road with structures.
particular segment of the C. ROAD OBSTACLE SIGNS
road. – indicates approaching
road having obstacles.
D. OTHER WARNING SIGNS
- This focuses on low
clearance signs which
are installed on
structures where the
vertical above the road
pavement is 4.4 m. or
less to warn motorists Of
the restricted height of
the approaching
F. PEDESTRIAN SERIES – signs
structures.
for pedestrians
G. MISCELLANEOUS SIGNS - It
indicates road closures, signs
restricting vehicles carrying III. INFORMATIVE SIGNS - These
hazardous cargo or signs provide information to the
substances, signs indicating driver about the facilities
vehicle weight, and height available ahead, and the route
limitations etc. and distance to reach the specific
destinations, These are also called
GUIDE SIGNS, they are provided
to assist the drivers to reach their
desired destinations.
A. ROUTE MARKERS -
II. WARNING SIGNS - These signs These are used to
are for safety and inform users of identify numbered
hazards. It is also know as highways. They have
designs that are
distinctive and unique.
They are written black
letters.
D. TOURIST INFORMATION
SIGNS - These are used
to indicate information
B. DESTINATION SIGNS -
These are used to and directions for
tourists. They are
indicate the direction to
the critical destination written on white letters
with a brown
points, and to mark
important intersections. background.
Distances in kilometers
are sometimes marked
to the right side of the
destination.