PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

Quarter 1 - Week 3 & 4

Learning Competencies
a. Differentiate the political ideologies (HUMSS_PG12-Ib-c-6)
b. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of each political ideologies
c. Determine the characteristics of each political ideologies

Lesson 1: Political Ideology Defined

Political Ideology is defined “as a set of opinions underpinned by doctrines, values, and
perceived moral truths that guide behavior towards a specific social order” (Johnson & Roberto,
2018). Political ideologies are powerful such that they shape the structure of a society,
institutions and the ways of doing things. These ideologies are comprised of beliefs and value
systems that give rise to political processes; they also constitute ideas about change and its
desired future.
An ideology is more or less a coherent set of ideas that direct or organize a specific political
action. It consist of belief and value systems, a discussion of existing power relationships, an
exploration of how political change is achieved in line with these power relations and an
illustration of a desired future (Heywood 2013).

Lesson 2: Major Political Ideologies

MAJOR POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES AND THEIR KEY TENETS (Heywood 2013)

1. ANARCHISM - Political authority is both evil and unnecessary (anarchy literally means
‘without rule’). Anarchist prefers a stateless society. Individuals can best manage their own
affairs through voluntary agreement and cooperation.
2. CONSERVATISM - Conservatives believe that society is an organic whole and is a living
entity, more than being an artifact of human ingenuity. Conservatives also believe that social
position and status are only natural. Conservatives look at property as significant because it is the
individual’s source of security and independence from the government.
3. FACISM - Ultranationalist ideology. As such, it subscribes to the idea of a supreme race,
whose members should enjoy the natural resources. It is by nature exclusive . Manifested during
Mussolini’s facist dictatorship in Italy and Hitler’s dictatorship in Germany. Fascists believe in a
unified national community of strength through unity.
4. FEMINISM - A diverse but its unifying theme is the desire to enhance the social role of
women. The structure of male power must be overturned, hence the belief in gender equality. Its
strands include liberal feminism, socialist feminism and radical feminism.
5. LIBERALISM - Liberty of the individual must be protected. An individual has freedom when
he or she is able to act as he or she pleases. Equality implies that individuals are born equal, at
least in moral terms. Equal rights and entitlements are at its core. Authority and social
relationships must also be based on agreement and consent.
6. SOCIALISM - Belief in the community, brotherhood or fraternity speaks of a shared
common humanity. Socialist thus prefer cooperation rather than competition and collectivity
rather than individualism. Common ownership is also central to socialist thought.
7. MARXISM - A communist society - one that is classless and stateless. Materialist conception
of history provides that the economy conditions all other aspects of social life including law,
government, politics and education. The exploitation of the proletariat (workers) by the
capitalists would develop class consciousness among the former, hence ushering a proletarian
revolution which will facilitate the creation of a communist society. 
8. SOCIAL DEMOCRACY - Social democrats stand for a balance between the market and the
state, and between the individual and the community. This ideology promotes compromise
between the acceptance of capitalism and the distribution of wealth according to moral, rather
than market principles. Social democratic thought is concerned with the weak, the vulnerable,
and the underdog. Compassion, common humanity, freedom, equal opportunities, paternal duty,
and care are among the values social democracy recognizes.
9. GREEN POLITICS/ ECOLOGISM - This ideology is linked with the emergence of
environmental movement. It also rose as a revolt against industrialization. It is concerned with
the damages brought by economic development and by the declining quality of human existence.
10. COSMOPOLITANISM - Ideological expression of globalization. It is a belief in a
cosmopolis or a word state. It is thus associated with the project of world government.  Modern
cosmopolitanism tends to have a moral or a cultural character, believing that the world
constitutes a single moral community. Cosmoploitanism focuses on the idea that all other people
in the world have obligations to each other regardless of nationality, ethnicity, and the like.
 ACTIVITIES

Activity 8: Let’s find it! Direction: Find and circle 10 key words that are related to Political
ideologies. The words may be hidden in any directions. Write your answer on a separate sheet.

I S A D F R E Y H L K I O F I O
KEY WORDS
L D U Y J H M N H L H H F A H F
I O E P P J M M S I L A I C O S
1. ANARCHISM
B A P O L I T I C S I P H I I J
2. IDEOLOGIES
E A S S L S I O P M H H C S Y G
3. CONSERVATISM
R A A D A O D F G M S M I M N O
4. LIBERALISM
A V S S O N G I X M S I I V T V
5. FASCISM
L X Z S I O A Y E I B B X E R E
6. MARXISM
I X I D T A B R N S A D I R E R
7. FEMINISM
S I K D I H S I C A A V U N A N
8. POLITICS
M O F C V R M R E H I O P M E M
9. GOVERNMENT
P C O N S E R V A T I V E S M E
10. SOCIALISM
W E I S X O F D T T V T E S R N
D N U T R V E S X V W A E E M T
A S D A F G H J T Y U N M B V A

Activity 9: KataQuote! Directions: Read the statement carefully and briefly explain your
understanding of the quotation below in 5 to 10 sentences.
“ A state is better governed which has but few laws, and those laws strictly observed.”
 - Rene Descartes

Activity 10: Make it Essay! Direction: Answer the following questions briefly and concisely in
3 to 5 sentences.
1. What are the significance of knowing the differences and similarity of the different political
Ideologies?
2. Can politics exist without ideology and Why?

Activity 11: Jumbled Words Direction: Unscramble the letters to form words that are related to
Political Ideologies. Be guided by the definition that follows.
JUMBLED WORD
1. LAICOS YCARCOMED  A political
movement advocating a gradual and peaceful
transition from capitalism to socialism by
means of democratic means.
2. SAIXMMR  It is a political and economic
theory where a society has no classes
3. MSINATILOPOMSOC  It is the idea that
all human beings are, or could or should be,
members of a single community.
4. EENRG LIPOSCIT  It aims to poster an
ecologically sustainable society rooted in
environmentalism, nonviolence, social justice
and grassroots democracy.

Activity 12: The weight of thinking Direction: Complete the chart below to compare and
contrast the different major political ideologies.
Political ideologies Similarities Differences
Conservatism and Liberalism
Fascism and Socialism
Anarchism and Feminism
 Marxcism and Social
Democracy
Green Politics and
Cosmopolitanism

Activity 13: Hear Me Out! Direction: Complete the table below by giving and explaining your
ideas on how characteristics of the different Political Ideologies become positive or negative to
every society at present.
Political ideologies Positive Negative
ANARCHISM
CONSERVATISM
SOCIALISM
FEMINISM
LIBERALISM
FASCISM

Scoring Rubric
POINTS REQUIREMENTS
5 Provides insightful and detailed explanation/opinion that includes or extend ideas
from the text.
4 Provides some explanation/opinion that includes or extend ideas from the text.
3 Uses text incorrectly with limited success and includes an inconsistent or confusing
explanation.
2 Demonstrates minimal understanding of the task and provides an unclear or no use
of text for support.
1 Response Is completely irrelevant or off – topic

Activity 14: Poster Slogan Directions: Choose one among the major political ideologies that we
discussed. Draw/ create poster slogan that will promote awareness to the public about the impact
of political ideology that you have chosen in the society and make a brief explanation on that.
Use separate sheet of short bond paper for your poster slogan.
Rubric for the Output

Content - 10 pts
Presentation - 5 pts
Artworks - 5 pts
Mechanics - 5 pts
Total 25 pts

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