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    DBMS Lab File Rohit

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    Malviya Rohit
    The document provides details about experiments conducted on the Database Management System lab. It includes 6 experiments that demonstrate the use of various SQL commands like CREATE, INSERT, SELECT, ALTER, UPDATE etc. on a sample table to manage the structure and data. It also discusses the different data models like hierarchical, relational, network and object-oriented models.

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    DBMS Lab File Rohit

    Uploaded by

    Malviya Rohit
    57 views15 pages
    The document provides details about experiments conducted on the Database Management System lab. It includes 6 experiments that demonstrate the use of various SQL commands like CREATE, INSERT, SELECT, ALTER, UPDATE etc. on a sample table to manage the structure and data. It also discusses the different data models like hierarchical, relational, network and object-oriented models.

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    DBMS LAB FILE ROHIT

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    The document provides details about experiments conducted on the Database Management System lab. It includes 6 experiments that demonstrate the use of various SQL commands like CREATE, INSERT, SELECT, ALTER, UPDATE etc. on a sample table to manage the structure and data. It also discusses the different data models like hierarchical, relational, network and object-oriented models.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    57 views15 pages

    DBMS Lab File Rohit

    Uploaded by

    Malviya Rohit
    The document provides details about experiments conducted on the Database Management System lab. It includes 6 experiments that demonstrate the use of various SQL commands like CREATE, INSERT, SELECT, ALTER, UPDATE etc. on a sample table to manage the structure and data. It also discusses the different data models like hierarchical, relational, network and object-oriented models.

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    You are on page 1of 15

    SAGE UNIVERSITY

    INDORE

    Academic Year: 2022-2023


    Semester: 3rd

    Institute : Institute of Advance Computing


    Subject Code: ACTDCDBM001P
    Subject Name: DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
    LAB

    Submitted To : Submitted By
    Prof.Snehlata Mishra Rohit Malviya
    21ADV3CSE0139

    INDEX
    S.N Name of the Experiment Date of Page no. Remark
    Experiment

    01 CASE STUDY OF DDL,DML,DQL&DCL


    Experiment :-1

    CASE STUDY OF DDL,DML,DQL & DCL

    SQL is a database computer language designed for the retrieval and management of data in a
    relational database. SQL stands for Structured Query Language. This tutorial will give you a
    quick start to SQL. It covers most of the topics required for a basic understanding of SQL and to
    get afeel of how it works.

    1. DDL (data definition language)


    Data definition language (DDL) is a language that allows the user to define the data and their
    relationship to other types of data.

    Data Definition language statements work with the structure of the database table.

     Various data types used in defining columns in a database table


     Viewing, modifying and removing a table structure

    DDL Commands

    The Data Definition Languages (DDL) Commands are as follows ~

    * Create − It is used to create a new table or a new database.’

    The basic syntax of this CREATE DATABASE statement is as follows −

    CREATE DATABASE Database Name;

    * Alter − It is used to alter or change the structure of the database table.

    An example of the alter command is as follows

    ALTER TABLE student ADD birthdate DATETIME

    * Drop − It is used to delete a table, index, or views from the database.

    An example of the drop command is as follows −

    DROP TABLE student

    * Truncate − It is used to delete the records or data from the table, but its structure
    remains as it is.

    The basic syntax of a TRUNCATE TABLE command is as follows.

    TRUNCATE TABLE table name;

    2. DML (data manipulation language)


    The structured query language (SQL) commands deal with the manipulation of data present in
    the database that belongs to the DML or Data Manipulation Language. This includes most of the
    SQL statements.

    DML Commands

    The Data Manipulation Language(DML) Commands are as follows~

    * INSERT-Insert command is used to insert data into a table.

    The syntax for insert command is as follows –

    Insert into <table name> (column list) values (column values);

    * UPDATE-Update command is used to update existing data within a table.

    The syntax for the update command is as follows –

    UPDATE <table name> SET column number =value numberWHERE condition;

    * DELETE- Delete command is used to delete records from a database table.

    The syntax for the delete command is as follows -

    Delete from <table name>WHERE condition;

    3. DCL (data control language)


    Data control language (DCL) is used to access the stored data. It is mainly used for revoke and to
    grant the user the required access to a database. In the database, this language does not have the
    feature of rollback.

    It helps in controlling access to information stored in a database. It complements the data


    manipulation language (DML) and the data definition language (DDL).
    DCL Commands

    The Data Control Languages (DCL) Commands are as follows ~

    * GRANT- It is employed to grant a privilege to a user. GRANT command allows


    specified users to perform specified tasks

    The syntax for the grant command is as follows –

    GRANT privilege_name on objectname to user;

    * REVOKE -It is employed to remove a privilege from a user. REVOKE helps the
    owner to cancel previously granted permissions.

    The syntax for the rervokecommand is as follows –

    REVOKE privilege_name on objectname from user;

    4. DQL (data query language)


    DQL is used to fetch the data from the database.

    DQL Commands

    The Data Query Languages (DQL) Commands are as follows ~

    * SELECT: This is the same as the projection operation of relational algebra. It is used
    to select the attribute based on the condition described by WHERE clause.

    The syntax for the selectcommand is as follows –

    SELECT expressions

    FROM TABLES
    WHERE conditions;
    Experiment No. 2

    Apply create, insert and select command on table student with output.

    ⮚Use of create command


    create table student1(
    rollno number(10),
    sname char(30),
    sec char(20),
    city char(10)
    );
    Output:- Table created

    ⮚Use of insert command


    insert into student1 values(101,'Sahil','B','Dewas');
    insert into student1 values(102,'Rajat','A','Dewas');
    insert into student1 values(103,'Rajshree','B','indore');
    insert into student1 values(104,'Kamal','B','Dhar');

    Output:- 1 row(s) inserted.


    1 row(s) inserted.
    1 row(s) inserted.
    1 row(s) inserted.

    ⮚Use of select command


    select * from student1;

    Output:-
    Experiment No. 3

    Apply alter and update command on table student with output.

    Input:-
    create table student1(
    rollno number(10),
    sname char(30),
    sec char(20),
    city char(10)
    );

    insert into student1 values(101,'Sahil','B','Dewas');


    insert into student1 values(102,'Rajat','A','Dewas');
    insert into student1 values(103,'Rajshree','B','indore');
    insert into student1 values(104,'Kamal','B','Dhar');
    select * from student1;

    ⮚Use of Alter command


    alter table student1 add fees number(10);
    select * from student1;

    ⮚Use of update command


    update student1 set city='kshipra' where sec='B'
    select * from student1;
    Experiment No. 4

    Apply arithmetic opera(+,-,*,/,%) on table student with output


    Input:-

    create table student1(


    rollno number(10),
    sname char(30),
    sec char(20),
    city char(10),
    fees number(10)
    );
    insert into student1 values(101,'Sahil','B','Dewas',12000);
    insert into student1 values(102,'Rajat','A','Dewas',12500);
    insert into student1 values(103,'Rajshree','B','indore',13000);
    insert into student1 values(104,'Kamal','B','Dhar',11000);
    select * from student1;

    ⮚Addition
    select rollno, sname, sec, fees, fees+1000 from student1;
    ⮚Subtraction
    select rollno, sname, sec, fees, fees-1000 as "2023 fees" from
    student1;

    ⮚Multiplication
    select rollno, sname, sec, fees, fees*2000 as "extra fees" from
    student1;

    ⮚Division
    select rollno, sname, sec, fees, fees/2 as "sch amount" from
    student1;

    Experiment No. 5
    Apply AND,OR,NOT operations on table student with output.
    Input:-
    create table student1(
    rollno number(10),
    sname char(30),
    sec char(20),
    city char(10),
    fees number(10)
    );

    insert into student1 values(101,'Sahil','B','Dewas',12000);


    insert into student1 values(102,'Rajat','A','Dewas',12500);
    insert into student1 values(103,'Rajshree','B','indore',13000);
    insert into student1 values(104,'Kamal','B','Dhar',11000);
    select * from student1;

    ⮚Use of AND operation


    select sname from student1 where rollno=101 AND city='Dewas';

    Output;-

    ⮚Use of OR operation.
    select sname, fees from student1 where rollno=103 OR
    city='Bhopal'
    ; Output:-
    ⮚Use of NOT operation.
    select sname from student1 where NOT city='dhar';

    Output:-
    Experiment No. 6

    Case study of various Data Models.


    #DATA MODEL
    Data models define how the logical structure of a database is
    modeled . Data Models are fundamental entities to introduce
    abstraction in a DBMS . Data models define how data is connected to
    each other and how they are processed and stored inside the system .
    OR
    Data Model is the modeling of the data description , data semantics ,
    and consistency constraints of the data . It provides the conceptual
    tools for describing the design of a database at each level of data
    abstraction .

    Types of data model


    Types of database models

    There are many kinds of data models. Some of the most common
    ones include:
    ● Hierarchical database model
    ● Relational model
    ● Network model
    ● Object-oriented database model

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