UCSP LESSON

with GROUP 3
Welcome!

New Challenges to
Human Adaptation
and Social Change
 Objectives
1. Discuss the challenges of 5. Discuss the efforts to achieve and
global warming and climate maintain peace and identify concrete
change, and identify their causes examples of peacemaking, peacekeeping,
and effects; and peacebuilding;
2. Describe how societies and 6. Define migration and discuss its
governments address the various aspects;
challenge of climate change; 7. Describe the causes of migration and
3. Define the different types of how it affects societies and countries; and
conflicts and discuss their
characteristics; 8. Identify and discuss issues that
4. Identify examples of conflict illustrate the challenges and issues
and describe their effects brought about by migration.
Today's societies face 3 important challenges

CLIMATE
CHANGE
& CONFLICT MIGRATION
GLOBAL
WARMING
 1
GLOBAL WARMING
& CLIMATE
CHANGE
GLOBAL WARMING
& CLIMATE CHANGE
1 2 3
The two are often used Referred to as the extreme or These changes are attributed to
interchangeably drastic changes in climate certain human practices such as
(just because they're similar patterns all over the world. the use of:
doesn't mean it's the same.) Global warming refers only to •fossil fuel
the Earth's rising surface •rampant logging
temperature, while climate •pollution, and;
change includes warming and •the use of certain chemicals
the “side effects” of warming. called greenhouse gases.

CLIMATE
CHANGE
1 2 3
"The rise in average surface "The consequence of Certain sectors dismiss the
temperatures on earth is unchecked pollution when reality of climate change.
mostly due to the burning of carbon emissions caused by

fossil fuels." human activity enter the air; Data collected over several
these have dangerous effects decades provides
on the environment, the overwhelming proof that the
economy, and well-being." majority of scientists trace
the increasing global
temperatures and climate
change to human activities.
 CAUSES OF
CLIMATE CHANGE
The burning of fossil fuels, such as oil
and coal, releases greenhouse gases into
the atmosphere, causing detrimental
effects on the environment
Certain agricultural practices such as
slash-and-burn or kaingin, and
deforestation are also major factors that
contribute to climate change.
EFFECTS of CLIMATE
CHANGE
The steady rise in the earth's average
temperature was brought about by the
melting of the ice caps.
The warming ocean waters also bring about
an increase in strong storms or cyclones.
Results in drastic changes in weather
patterns throughout the world.
Certain areas may experience torrential
rainfall which results in flooding, while others
may experience long and intense droughts.
 ADDITIONAL INFO
in 2009, residents of In 2013, Typhoon Other parts of the
Metro Manila were Yolanda struck several world, such as the
caught by surprise and areas in the Visayas, United States, United
unprepared by the huge leading to the loss of Kingdom, Australia, and
amount of rainfall many lives and China have experienced
brought by Typhoon significant damage to strong storms, severe
Ondoy. property and livelihood. heatwaves and very
cold winters these past
years.
-It resulted in heavy -In particular, the city of
flooding in many parts Tacloban in Leyte was
of Luzon and Metro most affected, with
Manila and whole communities
consequently, loss of destroyed and
many lives and property thousands killed.
CLIMATE CHANGE &
SOCIETIES
People and communities in various countries all
over the world have been seriously affected by
the consequences of climate change.
Water resources in many communities have been adversely
affected, and access to drinking water has become limited
especially in dry, arid regions.
Deforestation has resulted in the displacement of many
indigenous peoples, whose communities are greatly affected
by the entry of loggers in forested areas.
The loss of forests has greatly affected air quality, water
supply, and biodiversity in many areas in the world.
Many communities whose livelihoods are based on forest
resources and wood products are also adversely affected by
deforestation.
Drastic changes in the climate which give rise to extreme
weather patterns have affected the livelihood of many
agricultural communities.

Powerful storms and intense drought resulted in the loss

of crops and livestock, with detrimental effects on
livelihood and the economy.

Severe flooding due to climate change has also forced

people in low-lying areas to move and leave their homes,
giving rise to what are now called "climate refugees.
Addressing the impact of climate change
The realization of the grave impact of climate change on societies has led to calls for
immediate action

1 2 3
Initiatives and Various international agencies Others have also contributed
programs to and nongovernment to the continuing study of
mitigate climate organizations have embarked climate change in order to
change have on projects to help educate learn how to effectively
been initiated. and inform people about address this challenge.

climate change.

 Addressing the impact of climate change

SOLAR POWER AND WIND POWER
Sustainable energy Environmental groups are also
resources - such as solar campaigning for the adoption
power and wind power - are of government policies that
considered important advocate the use of renewable
solutions to climate change, energy sources and the
and various campaigns reduction or even complete
have advocated increased elimination of the use of coal
use of these energy sources and other fossil fuels.
in place of fossil fuel.
 Addressing the impact of climate change
SOLAR POWER AND WIND POWER
These days, information Most importantly, some
campaigns using countries have already
information technology included the discussion of
and media are climate change in their
implemented in many basic education curriculum
communities to gather
and spread information.
 2
CONFLICT
 Ethnic,
Religious,
and
Ideological
Conflicts

CONFLICT - According to Max Weber, conflict arises

when one person or party intentionally carries out an
action or deed against another party. It is often traced to
two major causes: greed and grievance.
 CONFLICT
May be resolved through peaceful means or through the use of force
or violence.
An example of the use of violence to end the conflict is the use of a military solution or
engaging in warfare.

Johan Galtung
- He believed that resolving conflicts through violent means results in a
negative peace
- argued that the only way conflicts could be sustainably resolved is through
peaceful means. Examples of means to achieve a peaceful resolution of
conflict include peacemaking, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding activities.

(Negative Peace: a term Johan used to refer to the absence of direct violence after a war.)

However, achieving this type of peace does not resolve the structural or
underlying causes of conflicts. This may result in the re-emergence of conflict in
the future
PEACEMAKING, PEACEKEEPING, AND
PEACEBUILDING ACTIVITIES.
PEACEMAKING PEACEKEEPING PEACEBUILDING
ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES
Refers to the rebuilding of
Peacemaking activities Peacekeeping activities refer economic and social
refer to the negotiation of a to the preservation of peace infrastructures that will sustain
peace agreement between efforts through the the peace efforts. These activities
conflicting parties, often involvement of civilian include the creation or the
mediated by third-party monitoring teams and military reinforcement of social and
negotiators. peacekeeping forces. political institutions that will


provide basic social services to
the people.

 PEACEMAKING, PEACEKEEPING, AND

PEACEBUILDING ACTIVITIES.
The Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro signed between
the Philippine government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front is an
example of a PEACE AGREEMENT that was a product of peacemaking
efforts by the two parties and was facilitated by the government of
Malaysia.

The United Nations sends peacekeeping forces in conflict-prone and

vulnerable regions to prevent the escalation of further violence. The
UN currently conducts peacekeeping operations in places such as
India, Pakistan, Kosovo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mali,
Haiti, Lebanon, Cyprus, and the West Bank.

Peacemaking, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding activities aim to resolve the

structural causes of conflicts and bring about positive peace.
 GREED
Greed causes conflict This view believes that
because of economic the economically
deprivation which drives deprived are the most
people to engage in prone to become
violent conflict. instigators of conflict.
Those who instigate or Plato echoed this belief when he
participate in conflict due to considered war as a product of
greed believe that their victory men's desires.
will ensure their economic
gains.
 GRIEVANCE
Conflicts caused by grievance are influenced
largely by identity issues, such as the desire to
gain recognition for one's religion or ethnicity.

Another reason for conflict is the desire of one

group to end the marginalization of its identity.
Ethnic, Religious, and Ideological Conflicts
ETHNIC RELIGIOUS IDEOLOGICAL
CONFLICTS CONFLICTS CONFLICTS
These are These are brought
These are
conflicts brought about by disparities
brought about
about by issues in certain beliefs or
by religious
of identity and views
differences
ethnicity

CONFLICT EXAMPLES
1 2 3

An example of a religious The conflict between Moro An example of a conflict

conflict is the Thirty Years groups and government driven by ideology is the
War, a conflict between forces in Mindanao is armed struggle of the
Protestant and Catholic brought about by both Communist Party of the
Europeans during the 17th ethnic and religious strife. Philippines, which, for
century. The Moro groups identify almost fifty years, has
their religion and ethnicity waged a rebellion inspired
as the basis of by communist ideology.
marginalization, and this
view has fueled their long-
standing conflict with the
Philippine government.
 INTERNAL CONFLICTS
In the past 30 years, there has been a decrease in
international conflicts or conflicts between countries.
Internal conflicts or conflicts within countries have
increased.
It is for this reason that resolving internal conflicts has
become an important issue not only for the government but
for society as a whole.
Some internal conflicts, however, are too complex and
overwhelming for governments that the peace process and
military response to such conflicts become internationalized

 INTERNAL CONFLICTS
In the Philippines, the peace process that seeks to resolve the
conflict between the government and the Moro Islamic
Liberation Front (MILF) saw the participation of Malaysia,
Japan, and the European Union.

Peace efforts to resolve the conflict between the government

and the Communist Party of the Philippines saw the
involvement of the Royal Norwegian Government.

In the early 2000s, the United States became involved in the

war in Mindanao due to reports of the presence of
international terrorists in Moro strongholds.
 3
MIGRATION
MIGRATION
The movement of people
from one place to another
for the purpose of
temporary or permanent
residence.
Often involves the
movement of people across
long distances.
 MIGRATION
EMIGRATION (Out-migration)- refers to the movement of people
out of their own native country

IMMIGRATION- The movement of people into a country that is not

their native land

INTERNAL MIGRATION- refers to the movement of people within

their own country, and involves transferring from one city or
locality to another

 MIGRANTS
Are categorized as either permanent, temporary, or irregular migrants.

Permanent migrants: Are those who have acquired residency or

citizenship.

Temporary migrants: Those who stay abroad for employment and

have a work visa facilitated by their employer.

Irregular migrants: (They do not possess legal documents but continue

to stay in a foreign country because they need to work. They are the
most vulnerable type of migrants because they are prone to abuse and
other dangers.)
 MIGRANTS
May also be classified according to their purpose for staying in a
destination country or the circumstances in which they were
directed to a particular country.
EXAMPLE:
Students studying abroad are classified as migrants because their stay is dependent on the
scope and duration of their study.
Refugees: Migrants who are forced to move into another country
because they were displaced by wars, political persecution, or
natural disasters.

 ETHIC & CULTURAL DIFFERENCES:

- Also contribute to the ill-treatment of migrants, since
the population of their destination countries often
consider them different or "alien" because of the color
of their skin and their religious and cultural practices.
-These views often lead to racial discrimination and
conflicts in many nations which have a considerable
migrant population.
-For this reason, migration is a controversial political
issue particularly in Western nations, which have the
highest populations of migrants.
 LOOKING BACK! HISTORY OF FILIPINO
MIGRATION
- Filipinos have a long history of labor out-migration, a
particular type of migration based on the demand for
cheap labor provided by migrants.

-Historians trace the history of migration to the Manila-

Acapulco galleon trade in the 16th century when Filipino
seafarers were forced to work in Spanish ships.

-The period of American colonial rule also had a

significant impact on Philippine migration as they
initiated a program that gave the children of the Filipino
elite the opportunity to travel to America to study.

 LOOKING BACK! HISTORY OF FILIPINO

MIGRATION

-These Filipino scholars (pensionados) in America were regarded

as future bureaucrats who will help build the nation as it prepared
for self-government.

-In more recent times, during the 1950s and 1960s, Filipino nurses
and doctors found employment overseas due to the shortage of
medical professionals in many foreign countries.

It was during the administration of Ferdinand Marcos in the 1970s when state-
sponsored overseas employment was initiated.
( It soon became a defining feature of Philippine political economy and culture
beginning in the 1980s. The phenomenon of Filipino migrant workers continues
to this day.)
 LOOKING BACK! HISTORY OF FILIPINO
MIGRATION

The Commission on Filipinos Overseas (CFO) estimates that there

are more than 10.2 million Filipinos in more than 200 countries and
territories abroad.

Temporary and irregular migrants are collectively called

Overseas Filipino Workers or OFWs.

Currently, labor out-migration is considered a significant and

complex social issue.

Current studies show that labor out-migration is brought about

by several factors such as lack of employment opportunities in
the country, an increased social network among Filipinos in many
foreign countries, and personal reasons.
 LOOKING BACK! HISTORY OF FILIPINO
MIGRATION

The Philippine economy greatly benefits from Filipino migrant

workers, as their financial remittances are among the largest
sources of income for the country.

In 2017 alone, a total of US$31.3 billion worth of personal

remittances were reported by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
(BSP). These cash transfers help improve the country's dollar
reserves making the economy more stable.

The families of OFWs are directly benefited since they are able to
send their children to good schools, buy properties, and invest in
business

 CHALLENGES FOR MIGRANTS

Temporary and irregular migrants sometimes work in precarious
conditions.
Certain agricultural practices such as slash-and-burn or kaingin, and
deforestation are also major factors that contribute to climate
change.
In the Middle East, the kafala system is seen as a source of systemic
abuse and exploitation.
NOTE: Kafala refers to the practice in which a labor migrant's stay in a
country is tied to his or her employer or sponsor.)
The migrant is unable to leave his or her employer or transfer to
another job without obtaining permission from the latter. OFWs also
face the threat of abuse, human trafficking, and exploitation.
One example is the case of Mary Jane Veloso, who was victimized by illegal
recruiters and drug traffickers.
Philippine society will continue to contend with the effects of labor out-
migration as long as a significant number of Filipinos are compelled to
travel abroad for employment. Only the presence of decent job
opportunities in the Philippines can make out-migration a choice rather
than a necessary sacrifice for many Filipinos.
 MEMBERS:
Patrick John Malingin-
LEADER, Video Editor
Gwen Gabrielle Mulat- PPT
Creator
REPORTERS:
Francis Andrei Auxilio
Russel Jay Sanchez
August Christopher Maurin