ELECTRONIC CHART DISPLAY &

INFORMATION SYSTEM

IMO Model Course 1.27

Room:
Time Duration: 45 hrs
Instructor:

1
GENERAL OBJECTIVE

At the end of the course the trainees will be able to:

 Understand the basic principles of ECDIS data and
their presentation
 Operate the ECDIS equipment
 Be aware of all potential errors
 Update charts automatically
 Creating back-up files

INTRODUCTION

2
INTRODUCTION

 The early integrated navigational systems which had

the possibilities of displaying a limited amount of chart
information, used the Navy Navigation Satellite System
(NNSS), Decca, Loran C, Radar positioning,
astronavigation, terrestrial navigation and/or Dead
Reckoning, to position its own ship.

INTRODUCTION
 Electronic charts have been used in military application
for several decades. However; it wasn’t until November
1988 that the International Hydrographic Organization
(IHO) set up a working group to develop specifications
for chart symbols and colour definitions that could be
evaluated by hydrographic offices, ECDIS users and
manufacturers.
 During the 14th International Hydrographic Conference
in 1992 an international standard for exchange of
maritime digital electronic chart information was
established.

3
INTRODUCTION
 This standard is known as S-57 and consist of;

a.) A data model

b.) List of objects
c.) Description of attributes
d.) Description of the data exchange format (DX90)

INTRODUCTION

 A Navigational Electronic Chart System is a general

term for all electronic equipment that is capable of
displaying a vessel’s position on a chart image on a
screen

4
INTRODUCTION
 There are two classes of navigational electronic chart
systems.
 The first is an Electronic Chart Display and
Information System (ECDIS), which meets
IMO/SOLAS chart carriage requirements.
 The second is an Electronic Chart System (ECS),
which can be used to assist navigation, but does not
meet IMO/SOLAS chart carriage requirements.

ECS

 ECS is specified in ISO 19379 as follows:

 ECS is a navigation information system that

electronically displays vessel position and relevant
nautical chart data and information from an ECS
Database on a display screen, but which and does
not and will not satisfy the SOLAS convention.

5
ECS

 ECS can not be used as a substitute for official charts

and up-to-date paper chart must therefore be available.
 Examples of ECS include:
- Radar systems incorporating video maps
- Stand alone video plotters;
- and all current commercial raster chart and vector
chart display systems

ECDIS
Electronic Chart Display and Information System
- A computerize system that displays hydrographic
information, which may combine, with information
provided by electronic position-fixing systems, GPS,
ARPA, RADAR, etc., to assist in the safe navigation of
the vessel.

ECDIS information may be divided in two main groups:

- Chart related information
- Navigation related information

6
ECDIS
 An ECDIS consist of Electronic Navigational Chart as
a data file, and the Electronic Chart Display
Equipment hardware.

 In addition, ECDIS is a system which can also store

and use information from Lists of Lights, Sailing
Directions, Tide Tables, etc., together with the chart.

ECDIS

Standard requirements, functions and features for

ECDIS are given in IMO resolution A.817(19)
adopted 0n 23rd November 1995.

7
ECDIS

The primary function of ECDIS is to contribute to

safe navigation but mariners should be aware that
ECDIS is far more than a digital version of a paper
chart.

ECDIS
ECDIS equipment is specified in the IMO
ECDIS Performance Standards as follows:

 Electronic Chart Display & Information System (ECDIS)

means a navigation information system which, with
adequate back up arrangements, can be accepted as
complying with the up-to-date chart required by
regulation V/19 & V/27 of the 1974 SOLAS Convention.

8
ECDIS
 An ECDIS system can only be used for navigation if:

a.) an approved chart data ENC (S57/SENC) is

used;
b.) a type approved system is used;
c.) it is approved by the vessel’s flag state
administration, and;
d.) it has an approved back-up system.

ECDIS

All other system, no matter how useful they seem, are

classified by IMO as an ECS (Electronic Chart System),
not approved for navigation and might leave the
company or mariner liable if an incident happens while
the system is used for navigation.

9
 LEGAL ASPECTS AND REQUIREMENT

IMO IHO
S-52
MSC Specification for chart
content & Display
Res. A 817(19) MSC.232(82) Aspect of ECDIS
S-57
Standard New Standard
Performance Performance IHO Transfer Standard for
Digital Hydrographic Data
ECDIS

IEC HGE
IEC 61174
Equipment and
Testing

10
ECDIS

 Where the term ECDIS is used in this document, this is

to be understood as those navigational electronic chart
systems, which have been tested, approved and
certified as compliant with the IMO Resolution
A.817(19), which is the IMO Performance Standards for
ECDIS, and the new performance standard according
to IMO Resolution MSC.232(82).

ECDIS

The new standards are:

 IMO Resolution MSC.232(82) – Revised ECDIS
Performance Standard
 IEC Standard 61174 (2008/2009) – Operational and
performance requirements, methods of testing and
required result for ECDIS
 IMO Resolution MSC.191(79) – Performance
standards for the presentation of navigation related
information on ship borne navigational displays.

11
ECDIS

 IEC Standard 62288 (2008) – Presentation of

navigation related information on ship borne
navigational displays-General requirement, methods
of testing, and required test results;
 S-63 – IHO Data Protection Scheme Edition 1.1

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

The 1974 International Convention for the Safety of Life at

Sea (SOLAS 1974),subsequently amended in 2000 and
2002,specifies the requirements for the Navigational
equipment to be used onboard ships entitled to fly the
flag of a party to the convention. This Convention was
adopted by the International Maritime Organization
(IMO).

12
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

IMO member states are obliged to adopt IMO rules

and regulations into their national legislation.
However, only when the convention text has been
incorporated into national legislation does it take
effect for the individual ships registered in that
country. This process of incorporation into national
legislation may vary from a few months to several
years.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

The country in which a ship is registered and hence

which flag it is flying is known as the Flag State. It is
the national maritime administration representing the
flag state, which controls the adherence to the
SOLAS carriage requirements (Flag State Control).

13
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

The national maritime administration is also

responsible for port state control. Ships arriving at a
port may be subject to port state control by local
officials based on flag state regulations and
international agreements. Port states cooperate
within regions to apply consistent standards, for
example the European nations and Canada
cooperate under the umbrella of the Paris
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU).

IMO PERTINENT PROVISIONS

14
IMO PERTINENT PROVISIONS

SOLAS Chapter V
 Regulation 2, defines the nautical chart
 Regulation 17, specifies electro magnetic capability
 Regulation 19, specifies the equipment to be carried
on different types of ships

IMO PERTINENT PROVISIONS

Regulation 20, defines VDR/SVDR

Regulation 27, specifies the requirement to keep
charts and publications up-to-date.
 STCW ’95
 IMO RESOLUTION A.817 (19)
 IMO RESOLUTION MSC.232(82)

15
IMO SOLAS REGULATION

From the current regulations referred, the requirements

for charts and publications to be carried can be fulfilled
by;

1) Carriage of official and up-to-date paper

charts, or;
2) Carriage of a type-approved ECDIS, using official &
up-to-date Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC)
together with an appropriate back up arrangement.

IMO SOLAS REGULATION

The minimum carriage requirements for charts and

publications are satisfied by the use of paper products.
After the amendment of SOLAS regulations 1 July 2002
it is allowed to replace the paper charts and
publications by electronic means If suitable back up is
provided. Paper charts and publications continue to be
the minimum requirement for back up purposes.

16
 ECDIS
(S-52 COMPLIANT DATA)
SYSTEM ELECTRONIC
NAVIGATIONAL CHART
(SENC)

GPS/DGPS LORAN-C
RADAR/ARPA
OFFICIAL CHART AIS
UPDATES HEADING SPEED
(S-57 COMPLIANT)
ELECTRONIC
NAVIGATIONAL CHART
(ENC)
MANUAL CHART
UPDATES ( S-57 COMPLIANT )

The IMO Performance Standards for ECDIS were developed in co-

operation with the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)
and the International Electro Technical Commission (IEC).

ECDIS

As with all electronic equipment, ECDIS is an aid to

navigation, albeit a very significant one, but it is not
substitute for the observance of good seamanship, or
for maintaining an effective look-out at all times during
the voyage.

By itself, ECDIS is no replacement for a trained and

experienced navigator.

17
ADVANTAGES OF ECDIS

 At any time it shows the ships position on the chart, in

true motion with or without radar overlay and ARPA
integration in one display
 Only uses the chart information necessary for safe
navigation
 Updates the chart by satellite and thereby increase the
speed of updating

ADVANTAGES OF ECDIS

 Continuous monitoring of depth safety contours and

soundings
 “Black box” possibility storing the ships navigation data
for a certain period
 Vary the chart colours depending on day or night
navigation
 Gives detailed information about lights, buoys,
beacons, etc. by pointing on the chart symbol

18
ADVANTAGES OF ECDIS

 Automatic chart updating

 Easier voyage planning
 Anti grounding alarm
 Simpler chart correction
 Vary the chart scale chart according to navigation
condition;
 Shows the ship in true size in narrow and difficult areas
and conditions

BE AWARE !!!
 Too much information on the screen can be distracting
 The size of chart displayed on the screen monitor is
very much reduced compared with the paper chart
 Automatic plotting of position can lead to complacency.
 The size of chart displayed on the screen monitor is
very much reduced compared with the paper chart
 Sub-menus can be very complex
 Some symbols are open to misinterpretation due to
unfamiliarity.

19
ECDIS GO-AHEAD

In replacing paper charts with ECDIS, experienced

mariners used to paper charts will need to be re-
educated in how to use new technology and, most
importantly, how to use it in context of best practice of
good seamanship.

ECDIS GO-AHEAD
In July 2008, the IMO NAV54 sub-committee agreed to
implement the mandatory carriage of ECDIS on deep
sea vessels; this was approved by the IMO Maritime
Safety Committee at its meeting in December 2008;

 01 July 2012 – Mandatory carriage of ECDIS for new

buildings of passenger ships of 500 gross tonnage and
above and for tankers of 3,000 gross tonnage and
above.

20
ECDIS GO-AHEAD

 01 July 2013 – Mandatory carriage for cargo ships

other than tankers for new buildings of 10,000 gross
tonnage and above.
 01 July 2014 – Mandatory carriage for new buildings of
cargo ships 3,000 gross tonnage and upwards but less
than 10,000 gross tonnage.

ECDIS GO-AHEAD
For existing ships, the requirement will be phased in over
slightly longer period, according to the ff. timetable:
 01 July 2014 – Passenger ships above 500 gross
tonnage.
 01 July 2015 – Tankers above 3,000 gross tonnage.
 Various other sizes of cargo ships will be required to fit
ECDIS equipment between 2016 and 2018.
 Exemptions – Ships that will be taken out of service
within two years of the implementation dates.

21
 ECDIS
FAMILIARIZATION
( Simulator room )

DAILY QUIZ

22
23
PRINCIPAL TYPE OF ELECTRONIC CHART

ELECTRONIC CHART

 Charting and mapping organization as well as private

companies were early users of computer graphics to
automate their chart and map production.

 The aim was to increase production efficiency and to

reduce costs.

24
ELECTRONIC CHART

Nautical charts can be distributed in analogue form, as

paper charts or digitally, as chart data in raster or
vector form, and are available from a variety of
sources, both governmental and private.

ELECTRONIC CHART

Position related information about a landscape is referred

to as geographical data.

 The main element of geographical data is geometric

data, i.e. description of position, size and shape of the
objects located in the landscape. (lighthouses, houses,
buoys, etc.)

25
ELECTRONIC CHART

Geometric data can be stored digitally in two different

ways; as raster data or vector data.

 A raster chart is basically just a scanned and passive

image of a paper chart, where a vector chart
corresponds to a digital analysis by object (points, lines,
areas etc.)

RASTER CHART

Raster chart is simply a digital facsimile of a paper chart;

 It is not possible to interrogate the raster data to obtain
information about any object on the chart.
 The accuracy of data on raster chart is exactly the
same as that of an official paper chart, since the data is
identical.
 Raster data is therefore considered to be unintelligent
data.

26
RASTER CHART

ADVANTAGES OF RASTER CHARTS

 They are direct and exact copies of existing paper

charts.
 They use the same familiar colours and symbols as
paper charts.
 Their contents are as comprehensive, accurate and
reliable as those of paper charts

27
ADVANTAGES OF RASTER CHARTS

 As the raster charts are produced from components

used in production of paper charts, both versions can
be kept in step
 Raster chart are simpler and easier to produce and
update than official IHO compliant vector data
 Official produced raster charts are widely available
(worldwide coverage).

ADVANTAGES OF RASTER CHARTS

 It is possible fro user to inadvertently omit significant

navigational information from the chart display;

 Information from other nautical publications may be

displayed in the same raster format

28
DISADVANTAGES OF RASTER CHARTS
 The display cannot be customized
 When raster charts are overlaid with other information,
the display may appear cluttered
 Raster charts cannot directly provide alarms or
indications to show that own ship is expected to cross a
safety contour or to enter a specified area
 Raster charts an not be sensibly rotated to head-up or
other orientations

DISADVANTAGES OF RASTER CHARTS

 Raster charts cannot be interrogated without some form
of additional database with a common reference
system;
 Raster charts have larger memory requirements than
vector charts

29
VECTOR CHART
Vector chart corresponds to a digital analysis by object
(points, lines, areas etc.);
 These values enable a computer system to identify the
object, to place it in its correct position.
 It is possible to interrogate a vector chart.

 Vector chart can be customized and are therefore

considered to represent intelligent data.

VECTOR CHART

30
ADVANTAGES OF VECTOR CHARTS

 Chart information is stored in layers

 User may customize chart displays to suit the particular
need of their vessel.
 The chart data is seamless
 It is possible to select depth and a safety contour
 It is possible to zoom-in without distorting the charted
data

ADVANTAGES OF VECTOR CHARTS

 It is possible to interrogate charted objects for further

information
 Vector charts can generally be displayed more quickly
than for raster charts
 A larger colour palette is available for vector charts
than for paper or raster charts
 Charts may be rotated to any angle

31
ADVANTAGES OF VECTOR CHARTS

 Alarms or indications can be given when own ship is

expected to cross safety contour or to enter a specified
area;
 Charts may be shared with other equipment such as
Radar and ARPA

DISADVANTAGES OF VECTOR CHARTS

 Vector charts are technically far more complex than

raster chart
 Vector charts take longer and cost more to produce
than raster charts
 Significant world-wide coverage will not be provided by
official vector charts for many years

32
DISADVANTAGES OF VECTOR CHARTS

 It is significantly more difficult to ensure the quality and

integrity of the displayed vector data;
 Training in the use of vector chart is likely to be longer
than that for raster charts

ELECTRONIC CHART

The IMO accepted definition of an Electronic Chart

display Equipment, abbreviated ECDIE is:

- ECDIE is the display equipment that processes and

indicates necessary information compiled in ENC and
other information to assist in safe navigation

33
E N C – What is it?

 ENC stands for “Electronic Navigational Chart”

 - IMO standard terms used in connection with
electronic chart production and their use are found in
IMO resolution A.817(19).
 ECDB (Electronic Chart Database) – An ECBD is a
master database of chart information held in digital
form by a National Hydrographic Authority.

E N C – What is it?

 ENC
 Is a subset of ECDB, held on a vessel. It contains
useful information for navigation such as coastlines,
lighthouses, beacons, etc.
 Electronic chart is constructed using either raster or
vector data.

34
OFFICIAL APPROVED NAVIGATION CHART

 IMO performance standards for ECDIS, state that

information to be used in ECDIS should be the latest
edition of information originated by a government
authorized hydrographic and conform to standards laid
down by IHO.
 This means that officially approved vector charts must
be used in ECDIS.

OFFICIAL APPROVED NAVIGATION CHART

Non-official approved electronic charts are available from

a variety of sources;
 For example, the LTK Hydrographic Office’s “Admiralty
Raster Chart Services” (ARCS) provides worldwide
coverage.
 Commercial charts providers provides near worldwide
coverage with a series of vector charts.

35
OFFICIAL CHARTS

 Charts issued by or on the authority of a Government,

authorized Hydrographic Office or other relevant
government institutions are official and may be used to
fulfill carriage requirements (provided they are kept up
to date).

OFFICIAL CHARTS
 All other nautical charts are by definition not official and
are often referred to as private charts. These charts are
not accepted as the basis for navigation under the
SOLAS convention.
 There are two kinds of official digital charts commonly
available; Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC) and
Raster Navigational Charts (RNC).

36
OFFICIAL CHARTS

 IMO made the decision in June 98 that, Raster Chart

Display Systems (RCDS) should be operated together
with an appropriate folio of up-to-date paper chart.

 A raster chart should only be used when vector type

chart required for normal ECDIS operation is not
available.

ECS

What is ECS?
 All systems, which are not tested to show compliance
with the ECDIS Performance Standards, can be
generically designated as ”Electronic Chart Systems”
(ECS). An ECS may be able to use either official ENCs,
RNCs or other chart data produced privately and could
have functionality similar to ECDIS.

37
ECS

 Some ECS equipment manufacturers also produce

vector and raster data to use in their products. These
suppliers have been producing private chart data for a
number of years and have established themselves in
the market. They were the pioneers and have
established the idea and the use of electronic chart
systems on vessels. Their charts are derived from
Hydrographic Office paper charts or Hydrographic
Office digital data.

ECS

 Hydrographic Offices do not take any responsibility for

the accuracy or reliability of privately produced charts.
 Where the vessel operates with ECS, the paper chart
remains the official basis for navigation onboard. The
vessel must retain and use a full folio of up-to-date
paper charts onboard, regardless of the type of
electronic charts used.
 Because ECS is not intended to meet SOLAS
requirements, and there are no IMO Performance
Standards for ECS.

38
ECS

 Some ECS manufacturers also use the term RCDS to

describe their systems. In this case the manufacturer is
stating that the system uses RNCs and possibly that it
has the same functionality as required by the ECDIS
Performance Standards. However, such systems
cannot be used to meet carriage requirements.

ECS

 The STCW and ISM codes put the responsibility firmly

on the ship owner to ensure that mariners on their
vessels are competent to carry out the duties they are
expected to perform. If a ship has ECS fitted, the ship
owner has a duty to ensure that users of such a system
are properly trained in the operation and use of
electronic charts, are aware of the limitations compared
to ECDIS and are familiar with the shipboard
equipment before using it operationally at sea.

39
 PRESENTATION OF ECDIS DATA

PRESENTATION OF ECDIS DATA

ECDIS system is only one of many complicated modern

electronic navigation aids found on to-days modern
Ship bridge, which a navigator is expected to handle in
an efficient, safe and professional way.

40
PRESENTATION OF ECDIS DATA

In order to do so, the navigator must:

 Have a good theoretical navigational background

 Sufficient navigational practice
 Theoretical knowledge about ECDIS system
architecture, functions and features;
 Practical experience in the use of ECDIS system

PRESENTATION OF ECDIS DATA

 The important thing to understand and take into
account at all times when using ECDIS is the fact that
no system is better than the “weakest chain”, meaning
you have to know their limitations.
 Vital information for any ECDIS system is own ships
position.
 Whenever own ship position is wrong, ECDIS chart
information is wrong.
 Simple as that!!!

41
ECDIS WITH ALL RELEVANT INFORMATION

ECDIS DATA

It should be the aim of the presentation design and

presentation standards to provide as much diversity
and flexibility as possible as long as the system
remains simple and straightforward to use. ECDIS
flexibility of presentation may include:
 Displaying/removing various type of charts and non-
chart information

42
 ECDIS DATA

 Selecting standard chart display or detailed

display, and simplified symbols or full symbols
 Using cursor interrogation for further details
 Overlaying/removing radar video or radar target
information.
 Overlaying/removing various other sensor
information

ECDIS DATA

The important task when setting up an ECDIS system is

the reduction of presented information, or proper
selection of only relevant information.

Simultaneously presents all available information, tend to

be “overloaded” and therefore important information
may be cluttered and less visible.

43
ECDIS DATA

ECDIS DATA
Chart Display on ECDIS can
be Base, Standard, or Full
Display using Object Display
Mode. As well of with the
settings of Safety Contours.
Other settings includes two
shade contour display and
highlighting shallow
contours.

44
ECDIS DATA (Base Display)

 Base Display:
A base display represents the
minimum amount of
information permitted in a
chart on the screen
A typical base display shows the
ff. information;
 Coastline
 Indication of sub sea dangers
 Traffic system

ECDIS DATA (Standard Display)

A standard display normally
includes the ff. information;
― Coastline

― Indication of sub sea

dangers
― Traffic systems

― Chart boundary

― Aids to navigation

― Caution areas

― Caution notes

45
 Full Display (All):
In addition to standard display
ECDIS DATA (Full Display) information, it includes the ff.
info;
 Past track
 Past track label
 Spot soundings
 Depth curves
 Cables(object on seabed)
 Land details
 Place names
 Objects names
 Seabed text
 Light ranges
 Scale bar labels
 Lat./long. scale

INTERFACING WITH OTHER NAVIGATIONAL

EQUIPMENT

TRANSPONDER
 Transponder is an example of Automatic
Identification System (AIS) which is an automatic
communication and identification system intended
to improve the safety of navigation by assisting in
the efficient operation of vessel traffic services,
ship reporting, ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore
operation.

46
INTERFACING WITH OTHER NAVIGATIONAL
EQUIPMENT

TARGET LIST

To display the target list click on Target List button

47
ECDIS DATA

 Changing the scale or orientation of the display

 Selecting the true motion or the relative motion
 Changing the screen layout
 Giving the navigation and chart warnings
 Graphical presentation of computer evaluation of
grounding danger
 Graphical presentation of collision danger.

ECDIS DATA
Tide and Current information icon button

Tide date: The tide is calculated for the current ECDIS time.

48
ECDIS DATA
Port Database icon

Access to port information is possible only if the user has

subscribed to Fairplay database.

ECDIS Exercise # 1
Offshore Waters
( Simulator room )

49
DAILY QUIZ

50
ALARMS

51
ALARMS

ECDIS has an important capability of detecting the

need for warnings and alarms. Here are some
examples of possible warnings:

 During route planning

 During route monitoring
 During sailing

ALARMS

When an off track limit is defined for current route, an

alarm will be given to the navigator whenever ships
position is outside this limit.

If own ships position, course and speed is calculated to
lead to a grounding, an alarm will be given at the time
specified, for example 6 minutes prior to the expected
grounding.

52
 ALARMS

Current Alarm will

automatically be display
on the screen.

ALARM SETTINGS

53
ALARM SETTINGS

OTHER ALARMS

54
 SENSORS

SENSORS
The ECDIS system is often connected to an Integrated
Bridge System, or forms a apart of Integrated Bridge
System, a system where
RADAR,ARPA,AUTOPILOT,POSITIONING(DGPs)RO
UTING,LOG,GYRO and AIS.

55
SENSORS

Most ECDIS systems to day are connected to GPS and/or

DGPS. This means that stable and good positioning
can be expected most of the time.

SENSORS

 The ECDIS system is required to receive input from the

best position sensors available at any one time.
 However, when the automatic positions sensor(s) fail to
provide input to the ECDIS, manual specifications of
data is possible.
 Whenever manual input is used, information given by
ECDIS must used with great care.

56
SENSORS
 On most ECDIS systems, tracked targets provided by
an ARPA system can be displayed on the ECDIS
screen.
 Targets from ARPA are shown on the ECDIS display
with its own symbol. Normally there is a limit to how
many ARPA targets that can be displayed on the
ECDIS.

BASIC NAVIGATIONAL FUNCTIONS AND

SETTINGS

57
BASIC NAVIGATIONAL FUNCTIONS AND
SETTINGS

 Automatic functions
 Manual functions
 Own chart entries
 Presentation of navigational marks
 Additional information
 Vector types

FUNCTIONS AND SETTINGS

Automatic functions
 Positions
 Heading / Gyro
 Course
 Speed
 Safety values and
time

58
FUNCTIONS AND SETTINGS

The navigator may find course and distance from ship

to any point in the chart, or between any two points in
the chart.

In addition to course and distance, the positions for
points are presented (latitude and longitude).

FUNCTIONS AND SETTINGS

Manual Functions
 Cursor

 Electronic bearing line

and range rings (from
ship to a point).

59
FUNCTIONS AND SETTINGS

Manual Functions
 Cursor

 Electronic bearing line

and range rings (from
point to a ship).

FUNCTIONS AND SETTINGS

60
 FUNCTIONS AND SETTINGS

FUNCTIONS AND SETTINGS

 Displaying log book entries

61
 FUNCTIONS AND SETTINGS

ECDIS Exercise # 2
Coastal Waters and Approaches
( Simulator room )

AREA: Bosporus Channel

From Initial Position to
Istanbul Anchorage

62
DAILY QUIZ

63
SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS FOR ROUTE PLANNING

64
ROUTE PLANNING WITH ECDIS

The purpose of route planning is to support the bridge
team and ensure that the ship can navigated safely
between ports from berth to berth.

A route plan should cover;

 Ocean
 Coastal; and
 Pilotage waters

ROUTE PLANNING WITH ECDIS

 Sea area selection
 Route planning information
 Construction of a route
 Adjustment of a planned route Curved track planning
 Planning notes
 Safety values
 Check for navigational safety
 Ultimate route

65
ROUTE PLANNING WITH ECDIS

Four stages in planning a safe voyage

 Appraisal
 Planning
 Execution
 Monitoring

ROUTE PLANNING WITH ECDIS

Appraisal

 Collection of information and validation of all

relevant information.

66
ROUTE PLANNING WITH ECDIS

Planning

 Presentation of the raw data into information and the

strategy to be used.

ROUTE PLANNING WITH ECDIS

Execution

 Of tracking-, voyage and communication control.

67
ROUTE PLANNING WITH ECDIS

Monitoring

 Ensuring that the voyage plan is followed.

ROUTE PLANNING WITH ECDIS

Most ECDIS systems can operate in two modes:
 Route Planning

 Route Monitoring

In an ECDIS system, when powered up will normally

automatically start in route monitoring mode and
displaying its own ships position on the chart.

68
ROUTE PLAN

A route plan is a description of how a voyage is to be

carried out.

Waypoint – is a position where the ships course is to

be changed.
Waypoints can normally be inserted by pointing to the
required position in the chart or typing in the actual
latitude and longitude from the keyboard.
Leg – The line connecting two waypoints.

ROUTE PLAN

 The following information may be inserted in the route

plan;

- Route name - Turn radius

- Waypoints - Off track limit (XTE)
- Waypoints name - Cruise speed
- Position (lat. and long.) - Max. speed

69
ROUTE PLAN

 Based on these data the ECDIS system can

automatically calculate;

- Number of waypoints on the route

- Estimated time of arrival (ETA)
- Course of each leg
- Length of each leg

ROUTE PLAN

 When a route plan is completed, it is not only

recommended, but also a good seamanship to require
that the route be validated.
 This implies that the system checks that the route with
off track limit does not cross the safety contour.
 A safety contour is a line in the chart that defines water
with safe depth in relation to actual ship.

70
ROUTE PLAN

Parameters used when planning the route must still be

valid in order to maintain required safety margins, if not
the route may have to be changed before it can be
used safely.
 Example of parameters;
- Ship’s draught
- Available position accuracy
- Engine reliability
- Steering gear reliability

ROUTE PLAN

A good working ECDIS connected properly to an
integrated bridge system, changes the work situation
for the navigator a lot.

It reduces the navigators workload a lot, the navigators
role is more or less changed the actual doing the
various tasks to monitoring these task.

Seen from a safety point of view this will be very good
since it gives the navigator more time to check
important parameters and monitor the traffic more
closely.

71
CONSTRUCTION OF ROUTE

CONSTRUCTION OF ROUTE

72
CONSTRUCTION OF ROUTE

CONSTRUCTION OF ROUTE

73
CONSTRUCTION OF ROUTE

CONSTRUCTION OF ROUTE

74
75
76
77
78
79
80
ROUTE ACTIVATION AND MONITORING

ROUTE ACTIVATION AND MONITORING

81
SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS FOR ROUTE MONITORING

ROUTE MONITORING SIMULATION

 Monitored Area
 Required route
 Vector time
 Check Measurements
 Look ahead function
 Alarms
 Current and wind

82
SEARCH AND RESCUE
 Search and Rescue mode assists the navigator in plotting
courses and planning routes during casualties or other
important operations. To plan routes for the search and
rescue operation, carry out the steps mentioned as follows:
1. Ensure that you are in the route-planning mode by
clicking route-planning tool on the toolbar.
2. Click the SAR button to access the Search and Rescue
Planning window.
3. SAR patterns are shown in the following figures.

SEARCH PATTERN ( Expanding Square )

83
SEARCH PATTERN ( Sector Pattern )

SEARCH AND RESCUE

 The search and rescue consists window consists of the

following operations;
1. Position of casualty can be marked in terms of latitude
and longitude, in the text box as shown in the following
diagrams.
2. Type in the UTC details in the textbox provided along
side it and click Set Man Overboard button.
3. Select the search pattern from any of the option buttons.

84
SEARCH AND RESCUE

4. Customize the pattern by incrementing or decrementing the

value of tracking-space, search radius and ships search
speed.
5. Click ok to accept the changes.
6. Click Cancel to abort the operation
7. Click Save track to store the Search and Rescue route for
future use.

ECDIS Exercise # 3
( Simulator room )

85
DAILY QUIZ

86
UPDATING

87
UPDATING YOUR ECDIS

In order to provide the navigation safety, the navigator
has to update chart collection with latest corrections.
HO issue the update CDs with notice to mariners
correction and the new chart editions each week.

There are two ways to update chart collection;

 Updates can be installed from the update CD issued by
UKHO.
 Updates can be sent by e-mail.

UPDATE BY CD

 The UKHO issues an update CD with the New Edition

charts and Notice to Mariners corrections each week.
 Just insert the updated CD rom in the CD reader and
click the Apply update button.
 The system will automatically update the charts that
have a valid permit.
IMPORTANT: If there are new edition charts on the update
CD for which the user has valid permits, then the
ECDIS offers to install the charts.

88
CHART UPDTAE BY E-MAIL

ECDIS uses ENC and ARCS charts delivered by the

Hydrographic Offices and weekly updated.

Charts can be update from CD ROM provided from

HOs or C-Map. However, other maker(eg. MARIS,
Furuno, etc.) provides an update service by email
which allows the user to receive in real time the latest
update of ENC or ARCS.

CHART UPDTAE BY E-MAIL

There are two alternative ways to updates by email

depending on the type of installation onboard;

 If the chart display system is connected directly to the

communication system by LAN or by serial line, the
procedure is automatic.
 If the communication system is independent from the
ECDIS network, a floppy disk is require to download the
data and the procedure is manual.

89

ECDIS provides an integrated solutions for ARCS and ENC
updates based on email service with the ff. features;
 Easy to use: Fully integrated in ARCS, ENC updates are
requested and applied with simple push button actions.
 Availability: the service is entirely automatic and available
24 hours a day.
 Complete: All request are made from the PC running
ECDIS with ARCS and ENC chart database is installed.
Then the status of all charts is sent automatically to chart
server which extracts and send necessary information and
it is up to date.

UPDATING

PRODUCTION AND DISRIBUTION
SOURCE PROVIDER (SP)
 An originator, such as an originating HO
(hydrographic office), or another information
source, such as local authority, providing
warnings.
 SP extracts the electronic navigational chart data
(ENCD) update information from the electronic
chart database (ECDB)

90

Issuing Authority (IA) is an entity assembly
an ENC update data set from information
provides from various sources, responsible for
setting up the transfer of the update set. By the
definition, the IA is the issuer of the ENC to
which the update applies. The IA under the
WEND system is the Regional ENC
coordinating center.

 Distributor is an entity responsible for packaging,

repacking, and % or disseminating and update set to
all users, or a group of users. It disseminates ENC
updates to receiver.
 Receiver supplies ENC updates to applier. Usually
the mariner on board the ship, or the telecom receiver
linked to the ECDIS.
 Applier is an entity controlling the application of the
update information, e.g., Mariner keying in update
information, or the software inside the ECDIS
automatically processing the ENC update information.

91
THE APPLIER APPLIES ENC UPDATES OF SENC

Essential of Manual and Automatic Updating

Manual Updating consist of a human operator
entering information manually into the ECDIS, usually
based on unformatted update information, that is not
machine readable. However in order for the ECDIS to
accept manual updates, the update information must
be entered in a structured way at least compatible
with the relevant ECDIS standards.

MANUAL UPDATING

92
THE APPLIER APPLIES ENC UPDATES OF SENC

Automatic Updating consists of an updating

process by which the updating information is
applied, within the ECDIS, to the SENC without
operator intervention. All automatic updating
requires the data to be formatted according to the
relevant ECDIS standards.

THE APPLIER APPLIES ENC UPDATES OF SENC

There are three methods of automatic updating:
 Inactive Updating is a method requires the
interactive application of the textual Notice to
Mariners. The operator determines the
corrections from the notice. Then, using a tool kit,
he selects the symbol appropriate to the
correction required, identifies the location of the
symbol, adds the appropriate textual information
identifying the nature of the correction.

93
 THE APPLIER APPLIES ENC UPDATES OF SENC

 This method is labor intensive and subject to operator

error. It also clutter the screen display because it can
be applied only as an overlay to the ENC data.

THE APPLIER APPLIES ENC UPDATES OF SENC

 Semi-Automatic Updating is a method requires,
the operator to enter the correction data
furnished in correct digital format the originating
hydrographic office into the system via electronic
medium. The ECDIS then processes these
corrections automatically and displays an update
chart with the changed data indistinguishable
from the remaining original database.

94
 THE APPLIER APPLIES ENC UPDATES OF SENC
 Fully Automatic Updating the full automatic
method of updating entry allows for a direct
telecommunications link to received the official
digital update and input it into the ECDIS. This
process is completely independent of any
operator interface. Internal ECDIS processing is
the same as that of semi-automatic updating of
the database.

ERRORS OF THE DISPLAYED DATA

The potential errors on ECDIS displays are:
 errors in the ECDIS data and display .
 errors in by sensor input
 errors due to difficult reference systems
 inaccurate hydrographic data
 poor resolution
 the shifting of buoys

95
ERRORS OF THE OWN SHIP’S POSITION

The potential errors in the display of own
ship’s position may be introduced by:
 inaccurate input from the electronic position-fixing
system
 inaccurate input of radar data
 different geodetic co-ordinate systems
 reference position of sensors on board

CORRECTING THE DISPLAYED DATA

To the correctness of displayed data:
 by comparing ECDIS and Radar information

 by checking the ship's position by means of a

second independent position fixing system (DR).

96
ERRORS OF INTERPRETATION

The errors of interpretation are due to:
 different modes of vector stabilization
 overscale of the display
 neglecting the 95% probability of the accuracy
standard of the fixing sensor
 automatic track-keeping features
 difference between true north and gyro north
(radar)

To avoid errors of interpretation by verifying the

selection of:
 a common reference system
 the appropriate scale
 the sensors best suited for the given situation
 the safety values
 display categories
 usage, etc.

97
ECDIS Exercise # 4
( Simulator room )

ECDIS
Final Assessment
( Written )

98
 ECDIS
Final Assessment
( Practical – Simulator room )
Final Evaluation

99