Interfacing Elevator Controls AFAA Webinar March 18 2016

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Interfacing Elevator Controls with

Fire Alarm and Sprinkler Systems


Instructor:
Sagiv Weiss-Ishai, P.E.
Fire Protection Engineer
www.FireProtectionEducation.com

Webinar
03/18/2016
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Sagiv Weiss-Ishai, P.E.
• Sagiv Weiss-Ishai, P.E. is a California licensed Fire Protection Engineer with
18 years of experience in the Fire Protection Engineering field.
• Presently working for the San Francisco Fire Department (SFFD), Bureau of
Fire Prevention as an FPE.
• Graduated from the University of Maryland in 2002 with a Bachelor of Science
degree in Fire Protection Engineering.
• Worked as a consulting engineer for Hughes Associates, Inc. and was
responsible for the design of large fire alarm systems including the Monterey
Bay Aquarium and Kaiser Hospital in Oakland, CA.
• Active member of the Northern California-Nevada Chapter of the Society of
Fire Protection Engineers; served as the chapter President in 2008-2009.
• Principal member - NFPA 72 Technical Committee SIG-PRO (responsible for
elevator controls chapter)
• Contributing member – National Elevator Code: ASME A17.1 Hoistway and
Emergency Operations Technical Committees.
• Presenter: NFPA C&E – Chicago 2013, Las-Vegas 2014 and SFPE C&E –
2014 Long Beach, CA and 2015 Philadelphia, PA.

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Webinar Objectives – 90 Minutes

1. Participants should be able to understand and identify different


types of elevators.

2. Identify building and life safety codes, NFPA standards and elevator
codes associated with elevator emergency operation.

3. Understand common terms such as Elevator Phase I Emergency


Recall Operation and Phase II In-Car Emergency Operation, elevator
power shunt trip, Firefighters’ Emergency Operation (FEO), etc.

4. Understand the specific requirements of NFPA 13 (sprinkler code )


and NFPA 72 (fire alarm and signaling code ) for interfacing elevator
controls with these systems.

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Interfacing Elevator Controls with
Fire Alarm and Sprinkler Systems
Earn 8 CEU NTS/ESA renewal credit by attending
full-day in-class training
ESA/NTS CEU # 15-4617

Friday May 6, 2016 in Oakland, California.

For information please contact us at:


www.FireProtectionEducation.com

info@FireProtectionEducation.com

510-589-6286

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Webinar agenda

Slides 6-21 – Elevators and associated codes overview, Elevator Code


common definitions

A break for questions

Slides 23-35 – Elevators technology examples

A break for questions

Slides 37-80 – Elevator and fire protection system interface - code


overview – ASME A17.1-2013, NFPA 72-2016, NFPA 13-2016

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High-Rise Data and Elevators Facts and Examples

• Each year, an estimated 15,500 high rise structure fires cause 60 civilian
deaths, 930 injuries, and $252 million in property loss.
• High rise fires are more injurious and cause more damage than all structure
fires.
• High rise fires are inherently more difficult for the fire service.

•Why utilize elevators? The main reason is: Speed


The world’s two fastest elevators, located in the Taipei 101 building in Taiwan,
carry people from the ground to the top (101st floor) in 39 seconds, or 25 mph.
•Elevators in modern towers are designed to move 12.5 percent of a building’s
occupants within five minutes. That means a building can be completely
evacuated within 40 minutes if the elevators are used.

•Firefighters, while wearing all of their protective gear weigh an additional 65 lb


(29.5 kg). Firefighters also carry long lengths of hose and attachments
weighing an additional 50 lb (22.6 kg) to 65 lb (29.5 kg). Using the stairs to gain
access to upper floors in a high-rise structure should be the last resort

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Additional elevator codes A17.2 and A17.3

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Existing Elevators Example from A17.3

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International Building and Fire Codes: IBC and IFC

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Elevator Codes Example from IBC and IFC
2015

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NFPA 101 - Life Safety Code (not adopted in CA)
9.6.3.2.1* Elevator lobby, hoistway, and
associated machine room smoke detectors used
solely for elevator recall, and heat detectors used
solely for elevator power shutdown, shall not be
required to activate the building evacuation alarm
if the power supply and installation wiring to such
detectors are monitored by the building fire alarm
system, and if the activation of such detectors
initiates a supervisory signal at a constantly
attended location.

NFPA 72-2016
21.3.12 Where approved by the authority
having jurisdiction, the detectors used to
initiate elevator recall shall be permitted
to initiate a supervisory signal in lieu of
an alarm signal.

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NFPA 5000 – 2015 Building Construction
and Safety Code (Not adopted in CA)
15.6.2.5.6 Elevator Recall. Where
sprinklers are installed in an
elevator hoistway or elevator machine room
as part of the rehabilitation work, the
elevators shall be provided with a means to
disconnect power to the affected elevator(s)
in compliance with
ASME A17.1/CSA B44.

55.2.3.2.1 Elevator lobby, hoistway, and associated machine


room smoke detectors used solely for elevator recall, and heat
detectors used solely for elevator power shutdown, shall not be
required to activate the building evacuation alarm if the power
supply and installation wiring to these detectors are monitored by
the building fire alarm system, and the activation of
these detectors initiates a supervisory signal at a constantly
attended location.

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NFPA 72 and NFPA 13 – 2016
Adoption dates depends on the local jurisdiction

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Applicable Codes Example:
Current National Elevator Code ASME A17.1-2013 requires:
2.2.2.5 In elevators provided with Firefighters‘ Emergency Operation, a drain or sump
pump shall be provided. The sump pump/drain shall have the capacity to remove
a minimum of 11.4 m3/h (3,000 gal/h) per elevator.
Applicable ASME A17.1 Code in CA is the 2004 Edition of the A17.1 Code:

2.2.2.5 In elevators provided with Firefighters‘ Emergency Operation, a drain or


sump pump shall be provided.

California Elevator Safety Orders exempt drains and sump pumps

Article 41. Conveyances Covered by ASME A17.1-2004 (Group 4 Elevators)


.§ 3141. Scope.
Conveyances covered by ASMEA17.1-;-2004, section 1.1, Scope, and Article 41 of
Title 8 shall comply with ASME A17.1-2004, Safety Code for Elevators and
Escalators, except sections 1.1.3, 2.2.2.5, 2.7.6, 2.11.1.2, 2.11.1.4, 2.12.6,
2.14.2.2(f), and 2.14.2.6; apart from these exceptions, ASME A17.1-2004 is hereby
incorporated by reference

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Definitions ASME A17.1-2013
elevator, passenger: an elevator used primarily to carry
persons other than the operator and persons necessary for
loading and unloading.
elevator, freight: an elevator used primarily for carrying freight
and on which only the operator and the persons necessary for
unloading and loading the freight are permitted to ride.

hoistway (shaft), elevator, dumbwaiter, or material lift: an opening through a building


or structure for the travel of elevators, dumbwaiters, or material lifts, extending from the
pit floor to the roof or floor above.
hoistway, blind: the portion of a hoistway where hoistway entrances are not provided.
hoistway, multiple: a hoistway with more than one elevator, dumbwaiter, or material lift.
hoistway, single: a hoistway with a single elevator, dumbwaiter, or material lift.

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Definitions ASME A17.1-2013
Phase I Emergency Recall Operation: the operation of an elevator where it is
automatically or manually recalled to the recall level and removed from normal
service because of activation of firefighters’ emergency operation.

Phase II Emergency In-Car Operation: the operation of an elevator by firefighters


where the elevator is under their control.

designated level: the main floor or other floor level that best serves the needs of
emergency personnel for firefighting or rescue purposes identified by the building
code or fire authority.

alternate level: a floor level identified by the building code or fire authority, other
than the designated level.

recall level: the designated or alternate level that cars are returned to when
Phase I Emergency Recall Operation is activated.

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Elevator Technology
Past: Elisha Otis’ Patent Elevator drawings 1/15/1861
(Invented the “Safety” used in modern elevators)
Today: Elevator Machine-Room-less Destination Dispatch Elevator

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Elevator Technology

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Elevator Technology

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Elevator Technology

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Elevator Technology

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Elevator Technology

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Elevator Technology
Roped-Hydraulic

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Elevator Technology

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Elevator Technology

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Elevator Technology

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Elevator Technology

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Elevator Technology

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Elevator Technology

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Elevator Code: ASME A17.1- 2013

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Elevator Code: ASME A17.1- 2013
Firefighters’ Emergency Operation - FEO
SECTION 2.27
EMERGENCY OPERATION AND SIGNALING DEVICES
NOTE (2.27): Additional requirements, including those for
firefighters’ communications systems, may be found in the
building code.

2.27.3 Firefighters’ Emergency Operation: Automatic Elevators


Firefighters’ Emergency Operation shall apply to all automatic elevators except
where the hoistway or a portion thereof is not required to be fire-resistive
construction (see 2.1.1.1), the rise does not exceed 2 000 mm (80 in.), and the
hoistway does not penetrate a floor.

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Elevator Code: ASME A17.1- 2013
Emergency Operation – Phase 1 By Key

2.27.3.1 Phase I Emergency Recall Operation


2.27.3.1.1 A three-position key-operated switch that will not change position without
a deliberate action by the user, shall be
(a) provided only at the designated level for each single elevator or for each
group of elevators.
(b) labeled “FIRE RECALL” and its positions marked “RESET,” “OFF,” and “ON” (in
that order), with the “OFF” position as the center position. The “FIRE RECALL”
letters shall be a minimum of 5 mm (0.25 in.) high. Text shall be either red on a
background that contrasts with red, or a color that contrasts with red on a red
background.
(c) located in the lobby within sight of the elevator or all elevators in that
group and shall be readily accessible.

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Elevator Code: ASME A17.1- 2013
Emergency Operation – Phase 1 By Key

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Elevator Code: ASME A17.1- 2013
Emergency Operation–Phase 1 By FAID
2.27.3.2 Phase I Emergency Recall Operation by Fire Alarm Initiating
Devices (FAIDs)
2.27.3.2.1 In jurisdictions not enforcing the NBCC, smoke detectors or other
automatic fire detectors in environments not suitable for smoke detectors
(fire alarm initiating devices) used to initiate Phase I Emergency Recall
Operation shall be installed in conformance with the requirements of
NFPA 72, and shall be Located

(a) at each elevator lobby served by the elevator

(b) in the associated elevator machine room, machinery


space containing a motor controller or driving machine, control space,
or control room

(c) in the elevator hoistway, when sprinklers are located in those


hoistways
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NFPA 13 (Sprinkler Code) - 2016 Section 8.15.5
Elevator Hoistways and machine Rooms
8.15.5.1* Sidewall spray sprinklers shall be installed at the bottom of each elevator
hoistway not more than 2 ft (600 mm) above the floor of the pit.
8.15.5.2 The sprinkler required at the bottom of the elevator hoistway by 8.15.5.1 shall
not be required for enclosed, noncombustible elevator shafts that do not contain
combustible hydraulic fluids.

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NFPA 13 - 2016 Section 8.15.5
Elevator Hoistways and machine Rooms
8.15.5.3 Automatic fire sprinklers shall not be required in elevator machine rooms,
elevator machinery spaces, control spaces, or hoistways of traction
elevators installed in accordance with the applicable provisions in NFPA 101, or the
applicable building code, where all of the following conditions are met:
(1) The elevator machine room, machinery space, control room, control space, or
hoistway of traction elevator is dedicated to elevator equipment only.
(2) The elevator machine room, machine room, machinery space, control room, control
space, or hoistway of traction elevators are protected by smoke detectors, or other
automatic fire detection, installed in accordance with NFPA72.
(3) The elevator machinery space, control room, control space, or hoistway of traction
elevators is separated from the remainder of the building by walls and floor/ceiling
or roof/ceiling assemblies having a fire resistance rating of not less than that specified by
the applicable building code.
(4) No materials unrelated to elevator equipment are permitted to be stored in elevator
machine rooms, machinery spaces, control rooms, control spaces, or hoistways of
traction elevators.
(5) The elevator machinery is not of the hydraulic type.
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NFPA 13 - 2016 Section 8.15.5
Elevator Hoistways and machine Rooms

8.15.5.4* Automatic sprinklers in elevator machine rooms or at the tops of hoistways


shall be of ordinary- or intermediate temperature rating.

8.15.5.5* Upright, pendent, or sidewall spray sprinklers shall be installed at the top of
elevator hoistways.

8.15.5.6 The sprinkler required at the top of the elevator hoistway by 8.15.5.5
shall not be required where the hoistway for passenger elevators is
noncombustible or limited combustible and the car enclosure materials meet the
requirements of ASME A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators.

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NFPA 13 - 2016 Section 8.15.5
Elevator Hoistways and machine Rooms
8.15.5.7 Combustible Suspension in Elevators.
8.15.5.7.1 Sprinklers shall be installed at the top and bottom of elevator hoistways
where elevators utilize combustible suspension means such as noncircular
elastomeric-coated or polyurethane-coated steel belts.
8.15.5.7.2 The sprinklers in the elevator hoistway shall not be required when the
suspension means provide not less than an FT-1 rating when tested to the
vertical burn test requirements of UL 62, Flexible Cords and Cables, and UL
1581, Reference Standard for Electrical Wires, Cables, and Flexible Cords.

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NFPA 72- 2013 and 2016
Chapter 21 – Emergency Control
Function interfaces
21.3* Elevator Phase I Emergency Recall
Operation.

21.4 Elevator Shutdown. (Shunt Trip)

21.5 Fire Service Access Elevators.(FSAE)

21.6 Occupant Evacuation Elevators (OEE+OEO)

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NFPA 72- 2013 and 2016
Chapter 21 – Emergency Control
Function interfaces
NFPA 72 -2013 NFPA 72 -2016

21.3* Elevator Recall for Fire 21.3* Elevator Phase I Emergency Recall
Fighters’ Service. Operation.
21.3.1 All initiating devices used to 21.3.1 All fire alarm initiating devices used to
initiate fire fighters’ service recall initiate elevator Phase I Emergency Recall
shall be connected to the building fire Operation shall be connected to the
alarm system. required building fire alarm system.

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NFPA 72- 2016
Chapter 21 – Emergency Control
Function interfaces
21.3.2* In facilities without a required building fire alarm system, fire
alarm initiating devices used to initiate elevator Phase 1 Emergency Recall
Operation shall be connected to either a non required building fire alarm
system or a dedicated function fire alarm control unit that shall be
designated as “elevator recall control and supervisory control unit,”
permanently identified on the dedicated function fire alarm control unit and on
the record drawings
NFPA 72 -2013 NFPA 72 -2016

3.3.102.2.1* Dedicated Function Fire 3.3.100.2.1* Dedicated Function Fire


Alarm Control Unit. A protected Alarm Control Unit. A protected premises
premises fire alarm control unit which is fire alarm control unit that is intended to
intended to provide operation of a operate specifically identified emergency
specifically identified emergency control control function(s). (SIG-PRO)
function. (SIG-PRO)
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NFPA 72-2016
Chapter 21 – Emergency Control
Function interfaces
21.3.3 Unless otherwise required by the authority having jurisdiction,
only the elevator lobby, elevator hoistway, elevator machine room, elevator control
room, and elevator control space smoke detectors or other automatic fire detection
as permitted by 21.3.9 shall be used to initiate elevator Phase I Emergency Recall
Operation.

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Passenger Hydraulic Elevator – Previous Codes

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Passenger Hydraulic Elevator – Current Codes

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Passenger Traction Elevator – Previous Codes

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Passenger Traction Elevator – Current Codes

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Passenger MRL Elevator – Previous Codes

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Passenger MRL Elevator – Current Codes
Additional FAID is required at the MRL Elevator Control Room or Control Space.

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NFPA 72-2016 – Elevator Hoistway Aspirating Smoke Detection - ASD

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NFPA 72-2016 – Elevator Hoistway Aspirating Smoke Detection – ASD

Accessible for testing and maintenance from outside the hoistway

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NFPA 72-2016 – Elevator Hoistway Aspirating Smoke Detection – ASD

Accessible for testing and maintenance from outside the hoistway

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NFPA 72-2016
Chapter 21 – Emergency Control
Function interfaces
21.3.5* A lobby smoke detector shall be located on the ceiling within 21 ft (6.4 m) of
the centerline of each elevator door within the elevator bank under control of the
detector.
Exception: For lobby ceiling configurations exceeding 15 ft (4.6 m) in height or that
are other than flat and smooth, detector locations shall be determined in
accordance with Chapter 17.

A.21.3.5 Smoke detectors should not be installed in outdoor locations or locations


that are open to the weather (such as unenclosed elevator lobbies in open parking
structures), because such environments can exceed the parameters of the detector
listing and can result in unwanted alarms. (See 21.3.9.)

21.3.9* If ambient conditions prohibit installation of automatic smoke detection used


to initiate elevator Phase I Emergency Recall Operation, other automatic fire
detection initiating devices shall be permitted.

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NFPA 72- 2016
Chapter 21 – Emergency Control
Function interfaces – Lobby FAID

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NFPA 72- 2016
Chapter 21 – Emergency Control
Function interfaces – Lobby FAID

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NFPA 72-2016
Chapter 21 – Emergency Control
Function interfaces – Lobby FAID

21.3.5* A lobby smoke detector shall be located on the ceiling within 21 ft (6.4 m) of
the centerline of each elevator door within the elevator bank under control of the
detector.
Exception: For lobby ceiling configurations exceeding
15 ft (4.6 m) in height or that are other than flat and
smooth, detector locations shall be determined in
accordance with Chapter 17.

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NFPA 72- 2016
Chapter 21 – Emergency Control
Function interfaces – Lobby FAID

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NFPA 72- 2016
Chapter 21 – Emergency Control
Function interfaces – Lobby FAID

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NFPA 72- 2016
Chapter 21 – Emergency Control
Function interfaces – Lobby FAID

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NFPA 72- 2016
Chapter 21 – Emergency Control
Function interfaces – Lobby FAID

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NFPA 72-2016
Chapter 21 – Emergency Control
Function interfaces
17.4.8* If the intent is to initiate action when smoke/fire threatens a specific object
or space, the detector shall be permitted to be installed in close proximity to that
object or space

A.17.4.8 Some applications that do not require full area protection do require
detection to initiate action when specific objects or spaces are threatened by
smoke or fire, such as at elevator landings that have ceilings in excess of 15
ft (4.6 m) and for protection of fire alarm control units. In high-ceiling
areas, to achieve the desired initiation, such as for elevator recall and protection of
fire alarm control units (FACUs), detection should be placed on the wall above
and within 60 in. (1.52 m) from the top of the elevator door(s) or FACU.

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NFPA 72- 2016
Chapter 21 – Emergency Control
Function interfaces – Lobby FAID

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NFPA 72- 2016
Chapter 21 – Emergency Control
Function interfaces – Lobby FAID

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NFPA 72-2016
Chapter 21 – Emergency Control
Function interfaces
21.2.4* Emergency control function interface devices shall be located within
3 ft (1 m) of the component controlling the emergency control function.

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ASME A17.1-2013 Emergency Operations
Visual Signal (FF Flashing Hat Symbol)
2.27.3.2.6 When Phase I Emergency Recall Operation is initiated by a fire
alarm initiating device for any location listed in 2.27.3.2.6(a) through (e), as
required by 2.27.3.2.3 or 2.27.3.2.4, the visual signal [see2.27.3.1.6(h) and
Fig. 2.27.3.1.6(h)] shall illuminate intermittently only in a car(s) with
equipment in that location, as follows:
(a) machine room
(b) machinery space containing a motor controller or driving machine
(c) control room
(d) control space
(e) hoistway

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NFPA 72-2016 Chapter 21 Elevator Signals

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Elevator Shunt Trip

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ASME A17.1-2013 - Elevator Shunt Trip
2.8.3.3.2 In jurisdictions not enforcing the NBCC, where elevator equipment
is located or its enclosure is configured such that application of water
from sprinklers could cause unsafe elevator operation, means shall
be provided to automatically disconnect the main line power supply
to the affected elevator and any other power supplies used to move
the elevator upon or prior to the application of water.
(a) This means shall be independent of the elevator control and shall
not be self-resetting.
(b) Heat detectors and sprinkler flow switches used to initiate main line
elevator power shutdown shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 72.
(c) The activation of sprinklers outside of such locations shall not
disconnect the main line elevator power supply. See also 2.27.3.3.6.

2.8.3.3.3 Smoke detectors shall not be used to activate sprinklers in


these spaces or to disconnect the main line power supply.

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IBC-2015 - Elevator Shunt Trip

3005.5 Shunt trip. Where elevator hoistways, elevator machine


rooms, control rooms and control spaces containing elevator
control equipment are protected with automatic sprinklers, a
means installed in accordance with Section 21.4 of NFPA
72 shall be provided to disconnect automatically the main
line power supply to the affected elevator prior to the
application of water. This means shall not be self-resetting.
The activation of automatic sprinklers outside the hoistway,
machine room, machinery space, control room or control space
shall not disconnect the main line power supply.

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NFPA 72-2016 Elevator Shunt Trip
21.4 Elevator Shutdown.
21.4.1* Where heat detectors are used to shut down elevator power prior to sprinkler
operation, the detector shall have both a lower temperature rating and a higher
sensitivity as compared to the sprinkler.
21.4.2* If heat detectors are used to shut down elevator power prior to sprinkler
operation, they shall be placed within 24 in. (610 mm) of each sprinkler and be
installed in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 17.
21.4.2.1 Engineering methods, such as those specified in Annex B, shall be permitted
to be used to select and place heat detectors to ensure response prior to any
sprinkler operation under a variety of fire growth rate scenarios.
21.4.3* If pressure or waterflow switches are used to shut down elevator power
immediately upon, or prior to, the discharge of water from sprinklers, the use of
devices with time-delay switches or time-delay capability shall not be permitted.
21.4.4* Control circuits to shut down elevator power shall be monitored for the
presence of operating voltage. Loss of voltage to the control circuit for the
disconnecting means shall cause a supervisory signal to be indicated at the
building fire

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NFPA 72-2016 Elevator Shunt Trip
Control Circuit Supervision

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IBC-2015 Exempt Sprinkler Locations
Intent: No Sprinklers-No Shunt Trip
[F] 903.3.1.1.1 Exempt locations. Automatic sprinklers shall not be required in the following
rooms or areas where such rooms or areas are protected with an approved automatic fire
detection system in accordance with Section 907.2 that will respond to visible or invisible
particles of combustion. Sprinklers shall not be omitted from a room merely because it is
damp, of fire-resistance-rated construction or contains electrical equipment.
1. A room where the application of water, or flame and water, constitutes a serious life or
fire hazard.

2. A room or space where sprinklers are considered undesirable because of the nature of
the contents, where approved by the fire code official

3. Generator and transformer rooms separated from the remainder of the building by walls and
floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assemblies having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours.

4. Rooms or areas that are of noncombustible construction with wholly noncombustible contents.

5. Fire service access elevator machine rooms and machinery spaces.

6. Machine rooms, machinery spaces, control rooms and control spaces associated with
occupant evacuation elevators designed in accordance with Section 3008.

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Elevator Shunt Trip
Is Shunt Trip going away?
For Traction and MRL
Passenger Elevators –
YES
For Hydraulic and Freight
Elevators-
NO
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What’s in the future?
Vertical (and Horizontal) Transportation!

Sagiv Weiss-Ishai, P.E.


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THANK YOU FOR ATTENDING
Questions?

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Interfacing Elevator Controls with
Fire Alarm and Sprinkler Systems
Earn 8 CEU NTS/ESA renewal credit by attending
full-day in-class training
ESA/NTS CEU # 15-4617

Friday May 6, 2016 in Oakland, California.

For information please contact us at:


www.FireProtectionEducation.com

info@FireProtectionEducation.com

510-589-6286

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