IS 8000 ( Part 2 ) : 1992

IS0 2692 : 1988

( Reaffirmed 2003 )

( '9gyaT
p3m )

Indian Standard
TECHNICAL DRAWINGS - GEOMETRICAL
TOLERANCING
PART
2 MAXIMUM MATERIAL PRINCIPLES

f
First Revision I
First Reprint MARCH 1996

UDC 744-4 : 621’753’1

Q BIS 1992

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 1~10002

November 1992 Price Group 9

Drawing Sectional Committee, LMD 02

NATIONAL FOREWORD
This Indian Standard, which is identical with IS0 2692 : 1988 ‘Technical drawings - Geomet-
rical tolerancing - Maximum material principles’ issued by the International Organization for
Standardization ( IS0 ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Staildards on the recommenda-
tions of the Drawing Sectional Committee ( LMD 02 ) and approval of the~Light Mechanical
Engineering Division Council.
The original version of this standard, IS 8000 ( Part 2 ) : 1976 ‘Geometrical tolerancing on
technical drawings : Part 2 Maximum material principle’ was based on IS0 1101/11-1974
‘Technical drawings -- Tolerancing of form and of position - Part 11 : Maximum material
principle’ issued by ISO. IS0 has ~published a separate standard IS0 2692 : 1988 ‘Technical
drawings - Geometrical tolerancing - Maximum material principle’. Harmonization of this
standard with International Standard has been made by the adoption of IS0 2692 : 1988.
In the adopted standard, certain terminology and conventions are not identical with those used
in Indian Standards; attention is especially drawn to the following:
a) Comma (, ) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards the current
practice is to use point ( . ) as the decimal marker.
b) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they
should be read as ‘Indian Standard’.
In this adopted standard, reference appears to certain International Standards for which Indian
Standards also exist. The corresponding Indian Standards which are to be substituted in their
place are listed below along with their degree of equivalence for the editions indicated:
International Standard Corresponding Indian Standard Degree of
Equivalence

IS0 1101 : 1983 IS 8000 ( Part 1 ) : 1985 Geometrical tolerancing Identical

on technical drawings : Part 1 Tolerances of form,
orientation, location and run-out and appropriate
geometrical definitions ( first revision )
IS0 5458 : 1987 IS 13099 : 1991 Technical drawings - Geomet- Identical
rical tolerancing - Positional tolerancing
IS0 5459 : 1981 IS 10721 : 1983 Datum and datum systems for Identical
~geometrical tolerancing on technical drawings
IS0 7083 : 1983 IS 11158 : 1984 Proportions and dimensions of Identical
symbols for geometrical tolerancing in technical
drawings
IS0 8015 : 1985 IS 12160 : 1987 Technical drawings - Funda- IIdentical
mental tolerancing principles
The concerned technical committee has reviewed the provisions of ISOjTR 5460 referred in this
adopted standard and has decided that it is acceptable for use in conjunction with this
standard.

This Indian Standard is one of a series of Indian Standards on geometrical tolerancing on

technical drawings. The other standards in this series are:
IS 8000 ( Part 1 ) : 1985 Geometrical tolerancing on technical drawings : Part 1 Tolerances
of form, orientation, location and run-out and appropriate geometrical definitions
( first revision ) j Identical with IS0 I! 01 )
lS 8000 ( Part 3 ) : 1992 technical drawings - Geometrical tolerancing : Part 3 Dimensioning
and tolerancing of profiles (secondrevision ) ( identical with IS0 1660 )
IS 8000 ( Part 4 ) : 1976 Geometrical tolerancing on technical drawings : Part 4 Practical
examples of indication on drawings ( Identical with ISO/R 1661 )
 ISSOOO( Part2): 1992
IS0 2692 : 1988

Indian Standard
~TECHNICAL DRAWI-NGS - GEOMETRICAL
TOLERA~NCING
PART 2 MAXIMUM MATERIAL PRINCIPLES

( First Revision )

0 Introduction For the definitive presentation (proportions and dimensions) of

symbols for geometrical tolerancing, see IS0 7083.
0.1 The assembly of parts depends on the relationship be-
tween the actual size and actual geometrical deviation of the
features being fitted together, such as the bolt holes in two
1 Scope and field of application
flanges and the bolts securing them.
This International Standard defines and describes the maxi-
The minimum assembly clearance occurs when each of the
mum material principle and specifies its application.
mating features is at its maximum material size (e.g. largest bolt
and smallest hole) and when their geometrical deviations (e.g.
The~use of the maximum material principle facilitates manufac-
positional deviation) are also at their maximum.
ture without disturbing the free assembly of parts where there
Assembly clearance increases to a maximum when the actual is a mutual dependence of size and geometry.
sizes of the assembled features are furthest from their maxi-
mum material sizes (e.g. smallest shaft and largest hole) and NOTE - The envelope requirement (see 5.2.2) for a singlefeature may

when the geometrical deviations (e.g. positional deviations) are be’ indicated by the symbol @ (see IS0 8015) or by reference to an

zero. appropriate national standard invoking this requirement.

From the above, it follows that if the actual sizes of a mating

part do not reach their maximum material size, the indicated
geometrical tolerance may be increased without endangering 2 References
the assembly of the other part.
IS0 1101, Technical drawings - Geometrical tolerancing 7
This is called the “maximum material principle” and is Tolerancing of form, orientation, location and run-out -
indicated on drawings by the symbol @ . Generalities, definitions, symbols, indications on drawings.

The figures in this International Standard are intended only as IS0 5458, Technical drawings - Geometrical tolerancing -
illustrations to aid the user in understanding ,the maximum Positional tolerancing.
material principle. In some instances, figures show added details
for emphasis; in other instances, figures have deliberately been IS0 5459, Technical drawings - Geor)etrical tolerancing -
left incomplete. Numerical values of dimensions and tolerances Oatums and datum-systems for geometrical tolerances.
have been given for illustrative purposes only.
ISOITR 5460, Technical drawings - Geometrical toleranc-
For simplicity, the examples are limited to cylinders and planes.
ing - Tolerancing of form, orientation, location and run-out -
Verification principles and methods - Guidelines.
0.2 For uniformity all figures in this International Standard
are in first angle projection. IS0 7083, Technical drawings - Symbols for geometrical
tolerancing - Proportions and dimensions.
It should be understood that the third angle projection could
equally well have been used without prejudice to the principles IS0 8015, Technical drawings - Fundamental tolerancing
established. principle.

1
IS8000(Part2):1992
IS02692 :1968

3 Definitions NOTE - For example, the size of the largest cylinder of perfect form or
the largest distance between two parallel planes of perfect form which
just contacts the highest point(s) of the actual surface(s).
3.1 actual local size: Any individual distance at any cross-
section of a feature, i.e. any size measured between any two
opposite points [examples: see figures 1, 12 b) and 13 b)].
3.3 maximum material condition (MMC): The state of
the considered feature in which the feature is everywhere at
3.2 Mating size that limit of size where the material of the feature is at its maxi-
mum, e.g. minimum hole diameter and maximum shaft
diameter (see figure 1).
3.2.1 mating size for an external feature: The dimension
of the smallest perfect feature which can be circumscribed
NOTE - I rre axis of the feature need not be straight
about the feature so that it just contacts the surface at the
highest points.

NOTE - For example, the size of the smallest cylinder of perfect form 3.4 maximum material size IMMS): The-dimension defin-
or the smallest distance between two parallel planes of perfect form ing the maximum material condition of a feature (see figure 1).
wnich just contacts the highest point(s) of the actual surface(s) (see
figure 1).

3.5 least material condktion (LMCI : The state of the con-

3.2.2 mating size for an internal feature: The dimension of sidered feature in which the feature is everywhere at that limit
the largest perfect feature which can be inscribed within the of size where the material of the feature is at its minimum, e.g.
feature so that it just contacts the surface at the highest points. maximum hole diameter and minimum shaft diameter.

Indication on the drawing Interpretation

_L)SO,OS @I A] i’--r-_ Mating size

Virtual size 0, 150,05

Virtual condition

Actual local sizes

Maximum material
size $I 150
Maximum material condition

Ls:ast material size 0, 149.96

--4-L-- - Perpendicularity tolerance zone Q, i7,05

a) Dimensioning in accordance with the indepenJance principle

Maximum matenal size $I 150

9150 h7 (-:,04
10
--+400,05 @IA]

Virtual size CD150.05

-- Vrrtual condl!ton

;7-- Actual local szes

4 A7
---- i\~lak\murr~ rl.rl’erlal c~2ndltion

i- La:,::,t mo:c nal :;ire 91 149.46

b) Dimensioning in accordance with the envelope principle

Figure 1

2
 IS6ooo( Part2): I992
IS0 2692 : 1968

3.6 least material size (LMS): The dimension defining the 4.3 Maximum material principle applied to the
least material condition of a feature (see figure 1). datum feature(s)

When the maximum material principle is applied to the datum

feature(s), the datum axis or median plane may float in relation
3.7 virtual condition: The limiting boundary of perfect form
to the toleranced feature if there is a departure from the maxi-
permitted by the drawing data for the feature; the condition is
mum material condition of the datum feature. The value of the
generated by the collective effect of the maximum material size
float is equal to the departure of the mating size of the datum
and the geometrical tolerances.
feature from its maximum material size [see figures 27 b) and
27 cl].
When the maximum material principle is applied, only those
geometrical tolerances followed by the symbol @ shall be NOTE - The departure of the datum feature from its maximum
taken into account when determining the virtual condition (see materialsizedoes not increasethe toleranceof the tolerancedfeatures
in relationto each other.
figure 1).

NOTE - The virtual condition represents the design dimension of the

functional gauge. 5 Application of the maximum -material
principle

In all cases, the designer has to decide whether the application

3.8 virtual size: The dimension defining the virtual condition
of the maximum material principle may be permitted on the
of a feature.
tolerances concerned.

NOTE - The maximum materialprincipleshould not be used in such

applications as kinematic linkages, gear centres, threaded holes,
4 Maximum material principle interference fit holes, etc., where the function may be endangered by
an increase in the tolerance.

4.1 -General
5.1 Positional tolerance for a group of -holes
The maximum material principle is a tolerancing principle which
The maximum material principle is most commonly used with
requires that the virtual condition for the toleranced feature(s)
positional tolerances, and therefore positional tolerancing has
and, if indicated, the maximum material condition of perfect
been used for the illustrations in this sub-clause.
form for datum feature(s), shall not be violated.
NOTE - In the calculationsof virtualsize, it hasbeen assumedthat the
This principle applies to axes or median planes and takes into pins and holes are at their maximum material size and are of perfect
account the mutual relationship of size and the geometrical form.
tolerance concerned. The application of this principle shall be
indicated by the symbol @ . 5.1.1 The indication on the drawing of the positional
tolerance for a group of four holes is shown in figure 2.

4.2 Maximum material principle applied to the The indication on the drawing of the positional tolerance for a
group of four fixed pins which fit into the group of holes is
toleranced feature(s)
shown in figure 4.
When applied to the toleranced feature(s), the maximum The minimum size of the holes is @I8,l - this is the maximum
material principle permits an increase in the stated geometrical material size.
tolerance when the toleranced feature concerned departs from
its maximum material condition provided that the feature does The maximum size of the pins is I$ 7,9 - this is the maximum
not violate the virtual condition. material size.
IS8000( Part2): 1992
IS0 2992 : 1999

5.1.2 The difference between the maximum material size of the holes and the pins is

8,l - 7.9 = 0.2

The sum of the positional tolerances for the holes and pins shall not exceed this difference (0,2). In this example, this tolerance is
equally distributed between holes and pins, i.e. the positional tolerance for the hates is @0,l (see figure 21 and the positional tolerance
for the pins is also C$0,l (see figure 4).

The tolerance zones of I$ 0,l are located at their theoretically exact positions (see figures 3 and 5).

Depending on the actual size of each feature, the increase in the positional tolerance may be different for each feature.

Indication on the drawing Interpretation

Figure 2 Figure 3

-0.1
4 x da-O.2

Figure 4 Figure 5

4
 ISSOOO( Part2): 1992
IS0 2892 : 1988

5.1.3 Figure 6 shows foci cylindrical surfaces fgr each of tlae four holes all being at their maximum materiaLsize and of perfect form.
The axes are located at extreme oositions within the tolerance zone.

Figure 8 shows the corresponding pins at their maximum material size. It can be seen from figures 6 to 9 that assembly of the parts is
still possible under the most unfavourable conditions.

5.1.3.1 One of the :joJes in figure 6 is shown to a larger scale in figure 7. The tolerance zone for the axis is C$O,l. The maximum
material size of the hole is Q, 8,1. All Q 8,1 circles, the axes of which are located at the extreme limit of the Q 0,l tolerance zone, form
an inscribed enveloping cylinder of (I 8. This $8 enveloping cylinder is located at the theoretically exact position and forms the
functional boundary for the surface of the hole.

Maximum material size

of the hole of perfect form

Virtual size of the hole

Figure 6 Figure 7

5.1.3.2 One of the pins in figure 8 is shown to a larger scale in figure 9. The tolerance zone for the axis is Q, 14,l. The maximum
material size of the pin is Q,7,9. All (I 7,9 circles, the axes of which are located at the extreme limit of the (I 0,l tol::rance zone, form a
circumscribed enveloping cylinder of C$8, which is the virtual condition of the pin.

Maximum material size

of the pin of perfect form

-Tolerance zone @ 0,l

Maximum material size

of the pin of perfect form

Virtual size of the pin

Figure 8 Figure 9

5
IS 8000 ( Part 2 ) : 1992
IS0 2692 : 1988

5.1.4 When the size of the hole is larger than its maximum material size and/or when the size of the pin is smaller than its maximum
material size, there is an increased clearance between the pin and hole which can be used to increase the positional tolerances of the
pin and/or the hole. Depending on the actual size of each feature, the increase in the positional tolerance may be different for each
feature.

The extreme case is when the hole is at the least material size, i.e. @8,2. Figure 10 shows that the axis of the hole may lie anywhere
within a tolerance zone of @ 0,2 without the surface of the hole violating the cylinder of virtual size.

Figure 11 shows a similar situation with regard to the pins. When the pin is at the least material size, i.e. (I 7,8, the diameter of the
tolerance zone for position is I$ 0,2.

r
42 Least material size
of the hole
size of the hole

Figure IO Figure 11

5.1.5 The increase in geometrical tolerance is applied to one part of the assembly without reference to the mating part. Assembly
will always be possible even when the mating part is manufactured on the extreme limits of the tolerance in the direction most ’
unfavourable for the assembly, because the combined deviation of size and geometry on neither part is exceeded, i.e. their virtual
conditions are not violated.

6
 IS8000( Part2): 1992
IS0 2692 : 1988

5.2 Perpendicularity tolerance of a shaft related to a datum plane

5.2.1 The tolerenced feature in figure 12 a) has to meet the conditions shown in figure 12 b), i.e. the feature shall not violate the
virtual condition, i.e. @20,2 @I20 + 0.2). and as all actual local sizes shall remain between @ 19,9 and $I 20, the straightness deviations
of the generator lines or of the axis cannot exceed 0.2 . . . 0,3 depending on the actual local sizes, e.g. 0,2 if all actual local sizes are
Q20 [see figure 12 cl1 and 0.3 if all actual local sizes are @ 19,9 [see figure 12 d)l.

Indication on the drawing Interpretation

r
Virtual condition
normal to datum plane D

a Datum plane D

Figure 12 a) A, to A, = actual local sizes = 19,9 20

(maximum material size = @ 20)

G = virtual size = @ 20.2

= orientational tolerance zone = 0.2 . . . 0.3

Figure 12 b)

L Datum plane D

Figure 12 c)

Actual local sizes

L Datum plane D

Figure 12 d)
iS8000( Part2): 1992
SO 2892 : 1988

5.2.2 In figure 13 a) the additional rt:;.ql.r’ PWI~ (k) isee IS0 8015) together with @ further restricts the feature to lie within the
envelope of perfect form at maximum rn:~?~ilA r;i:t+ i 20 [see figure 13 b)]. In this example, the actual local sizes shall remain within
Q, 19,9 and (I 20 and the combined effec ! of theJ srrtiightness and roundness deviations shall not cause the feature to violate the
envelope requirement. For example, the srr&$rtness deviation of the generator lines or of the axis cannot exceed 0 . . . 0,l depending
on the actual local sizes; however, the perpendicularity deviation, because of the @ -indication, may be increased to 0,3 (virtual
size = 4~ 20,2) when the actual locai silec. of rhe feature are (D 19,9 [see figure 13 b)l.

Indication on the drawing Interpretation

Virtual condition
/-normal to datum plane D

nvelope of perfect form

t maximum material condition

““-.-hDaturn plane D

IA, $0 4:i = actual locai sire:; 7 19.9 20

(’ : maximum tmatcrial size = 0 20
’, :- vrrtuai si~(! -~ $ 202
‘1: r.6lentatiot ,al tolerance zone : 0.2 0.3

Figure 13 al Figure 13 b1
 IS6oog(Pafl2): 1992
IS0 269i : 1986

6 Examples of application where @ applies to the toleranced feature(s)

6.1 Straightness tolerance of an axis

a) Indication on the drawing

Figure 14 a1

b) Functional requirements

The toleranced feature shall meet the following requirements:

- each actual local size of the feature shall remain within the size tolerance of 0,2 and therefore may vary between r$ 12 and
@ 11,8;

- the toleranced feature shall comply with the virtual condition, i.e. the enveloping cylinder of perfect form of $ 12.4
(= @ 12 + 0,4) [see figures 14 b) and 14 ~91.

The axis shall, therefore, remain within the straightness tolerance zone of I$ 0.4 when all diameters of the feature are at their maxi-
mum material size of @ 12 [see figure 14 b)] and may vary within a tolerance zone of up to Q 0.6 when all diameters of the feature
‘are at their least material size of I$ 11.8 [see figure 14 ~11.

NOTES
1 The two figures 14 b) and 14 cl illustrate the extreme cases of the size of the feature. In practice, the feature would be somewhere between the
extreme conditinns with different actual local sizes.

2 This indication [see figure 14 a)] may be appropriate when the indication of a greater diameter tolerance associated with the envelope
requirement cannot bc applied, e-g. in the case of a threaded bolt.

Virtual size Virtual size

Tolerance zone Tolerance zone

1 1

Actual local sizes Actual local sizes

Figure 14 b) Figure 14 c)

9
IS6OW(Part2):1992
IS0 2692 : 1999

6.2 Parallelism tolerance of a shaft related to 8 datum plane

a) Indication on the drawing

Figure 15 a)

b) Functional requirements

The toleranced feature shall meet the following requirements:

- each actual local size of the feature shall remain within the size tolerance of 0,l and therefore may vary between Q,6.5 and
Q 6,4;

- the entire feature shall remain within the boundary of the enveloping cylinder of perfect form of I$ 6,5;

- the toleranced feature shall comply with the virtual condition established by two parallel planes 6.56 ( = 6.5 + 0,061 apart
and parallel to the datum plane A [see figures 15 b) and 15 41.

The axis shall, therefore, remain between two parallel planes 0,06 apart and parallel to the datum plane A when all diameters of the
feature are at their maximum material size of $I 6,5 [see figure 15 b)l and may vary within a tolerance zone (distance between two
parallel planes) of up to 0,16 when all diameters of the feature are at their~least material size of @ 6‘4 [see figure 15 ~11.

NOTES

1 In the case of a parallelismtoleranceof an axisto a datum plane, the tolerancezone hasto be a zone between two parallelplanesand cannot
be a cylindricaltolerancezone.
2 As the parallelism tolerance zone is a zone between parallel planes, the virtual condition is a zone between two parallel planes. The distance
between them is the maximum material size 6,5 plus the parallelism tolerance of 0.06, i.e. 6.56.

The condition of the perfect cylinder at maximum material size, as indicated by

0,E has to be checked separately.

3 The two figures 15 b) and 15 c) illustrate the extreme cases where the feature is of theoretically exact form. In practice, the feature would be
somewhere between the extreme conditions with different actual local sizes.

Tolerance Envelope of perfect form Tolerance Envelope of perfect form

zone at maximum material size zope at maximum material size
Maximum _ Maximum

size

Actual local sizes Actual local sizes ,,

LDatum plane A L Datum plane A

Figure 15 b) Figure 15 c)

10
 F
IS8000( Patt2): 1992
IS0 2692 : 1988

6.3 Perpendicularity tolerance of a hole related to a datum plane

a1 Indication on the drawing

c)
A

Figure 16 a)

b) Functional requirements

The toleranced feature shall meet the following requirements:

- each actual local size of the feature shall remain within the size tolerance of 0.13 and therefore may vary between Q 50 and
@ 50.13;

the toleranced feature shall comply with the virtual condition boundary, i.e. the inscribed cylinder of perfect form of
t49.92 (= C$60 - 0,06) and perpendicular to the datum plane A [see figures 16 b) and 16 cl].

The axis shall, therefore, remain within the tolerance zone of rj~0,06 perpendicular to~the datum plane A when all diameters of the
feature are at their maximum material size of @50 [see figure 16 b)l and may vary within a tolerance-zone of up to @0,21 when all
diameters of the feature are at their least material size of @ 50,13 [see figure 16 ~11.

NOTE - The two figures 16 b) and 16 c) illustrate the extreme cases where the feature is of theoretically exact form. In practice, the feature would
be somewhere between the extreme conditions with different actual local sizes.

Tolerance zone Tolerance zone

local sizes tual local sizes

Figure 16 b) Figure 16 c)

‘$
 c
IS8000(-Part2): 1992
IS0 2892 : 1988

8.4 Angularity tolerance of a slot related to a datum plane

a) Indication on the drawing

Figure 17 a)

b) Functional requirements

The toleranced feature shall meet the following requirements:

- each actual local size of the feature shall remain within the size tolerance of 0,16 and therefore may vary between 6,32 and
646;

- the toleranced feature shall comply with the virtual condition boundary established by two parallel planes 6.19 ( = 6,32 -
0,131 apart and at the specified angle of 45O to the datum plane A [see figure 17 all.

The median plane of the feature shall, therefore, remain between two parallel planes 0.13 apart, inclined at the specified angle of
45O to the datum plane A, when all widths of the feature are at their maximum material size-of 6,32 [see figure 17 b)l. The median
plane of the feature may vary within a tolerance zone of up to 0,29 when all widths of the feature are at their least material size of
6,46 [see figure 17 ~11.

NOTE - The two figures 17 b) and 17 cl illustrate the extreme cases where the feature is of theoretically exact form. In practice, the feature would
be somewhere between the extreme conditions with different actual local sizes.

Virtual size Virtual size

\
-\
Actual local sizes
Actual local sizes

Tolerance zone
Tolerance zone

Datum pk3ne A J

fic;ure 17 bl Figur-e 17 cl
 IS8000( Part2): 1992
IS0 2892 : 1966

6.5 Positional tolerance of four holes related to each other

a) Indication on the drawing

+0,2
4x@8+0,1

Figure 18 a)

b) Functional requirements

The toleranced features shall meet the following requirements:

- each actual local size of each feature shall remain within the size tolerance of 0,l and each may vary between @ 8,l and
@ 82;

- all toleranced features shall comply with the virtual condition boundary, i.e. the inscribed cylinder of perfect form of 0, 8
( = $I 8,l - O,l), where each of these cylinders is located in its theoretically exact position in relation to the other cylinders
(dimension 32 in an exact SW pattern) [see figure 18 a)].

The axis of each feature shall, therefore, remain within the positional tolerance zone of Q,0,l when each diameter of the feature is
at its maximum material size of ct,8,l lsee figure 18 b)l and may vary within a tolerance zone of @ 0,2 when each diameter of the
feature is at its least material size of Q 8,2 [see figure 18 ~11.

NOTE - The two figures 18 b) and 18 c) illustrate the extreme cases where the features are of theoretically exact form. In practice, the features
would be somewhere between the extreme conditions with different actual local sizes.

Tolerance zone - Tolerance zone

M;lxjmum size

Figure 18 b1 Figure 18 c)

13
IS 8000 ( Part 2 ) : 1992
IS0 2692 : 1988

The dynamic tolerance diagram (see figure 19) illustrates the interrelation between the feature size and the permissible deviation
from theoretically exact position according to table 1.

Table 1

Diameter of Positional
whole of perfect form tolerance
Usable area for 8,l MMS 0.1
maximum material
condition (MM0 -8,12 0,12
-8.14 0,14
8.16 0,16
8,18 0,18
8,2 LMS 0.2

Size of feature of
perfect form
8 8,05 8,1 8,14 8,2

t Least material
size (LMS)
t Example from table 1

Maximum material size (MMS)

Virtual size at theoretically exact position

Figure 19

The functional gauge (see figure 20) represents the virtual condition.

Figure~20
 IS 8000 ( Part 2)~: 1992
IS0 2892 : 1988

7 Zero geometrical tolerancing

7.1 General

In the examples given in 5.1 and 6.5, the tolerance is distributed between size and position. The extreme case is to allocate the total
tolerance to the size and to indicate a zero positional tolerance. In this case, the size tolerance is increased and becomes the sum of
the size and positional tolerance indicated previously.

The indication on the drawing for the holes in figure 2, therefore, becomes as illustrated in figure 21 a) and the indication on the draw-
ing for the pins in figure 4 therefore becomes as illustrated in figure 21 b).

El cl

Figure 21 a) Figure 21 b)

According to the indications on the drawings in figures 21 a) and 21 b), the positional tolerances may vary between ~$0 and @ 0,2 as
the actual sizes vary between maximum and minimum.

The indication “O@” may also be used with other geometrical characteristics.

7.2 Examples

7.2.1 Four holes related to each other

a) Indication on the drawing

Figure 22

15
IS 8000 ( Part 2 ) : 1992
IS0 2692 : 1988

b) Interpretation

According to the indication on the drawing in figure 22, the virtual size is the maximum material size (minimum hole diameter)
minus the given positional tolerance, i.e. r$ 8 - r$ 0 = @ 8.

The dynamic tolerance diagram (see figure 23) illustrates the interrelation between the feature size and the permissible deviation
from the theoretically exact position according to table 2.

Table 2

Usable area for

I Diameter of
hole of oerfect form i
Positional
tolerance

maximum material 8 MMS 0

condition (MMC) 8.04 0,04
8,08 0.08
8.12 0.12
8,16 0,16
8,2 0,2

t
Size of feature of
perfect form

Maximum
t Least material
size (LMS)
Example from table 2

material size (MMS)

I- Virtual size at theoretically exact position

Figure 23

The functional gauge in accordance with figure 20 also represents the virtual condition of the part illustrated in figure 22. In both
cases, the feature diameters shall be checked separately according to their different size tolerances.

2.2.2 Four pins related to each other

a) Indication on the drawing

cl
32 .

r-i /

Figure 24

16
 IS8OOO(Part2):1992
IS02692 :1988

b) interpretation

According to the indication on the drawing in figure 24, the virtual size is the maximum material size (maximum pin diameter) pius
the given positional tolerance, i.e. @ 8 + I$ 0 = @ 8.

The dynamic tolerance diagram (see figure 25) illustrates the interrelatiori between the feature size and the permissible deviation
from the theoretically exact position according to table 3.

Table 3

Diameter of Positional
0,16 -w- pin of perfect form tolerance
Usable area for 8 MMS 0
0,12 maximum material
7% O,M
condition (MMC)
7,92 O/N
0,08 7,@3 0.12
7,&4 0,16
0,04 7.6 0.2

Size of feature of
0
8 7,96 7,92 7,88 7,84 7,8 perfect
form
t Least material
size (LMS)
I Example from table 3

Maximum material size (MMS)

i Virtual size at theoretically exact position

Figure 26

The functional gauge (see figure 26) representi the virtual condition.

32
t-

Figure 26

17
JSSOOO( Part2): 1992
IS0 2892 : 1988

8 Examples of application where @ applies to the toleranced feature(s) and the datum feature

8.1 Positional tolerance of four holes related to a datum hole

a) Indication on the drawing

+0,2
4 x 08 +O,l

Figure 27 a)
t4 Functional requirements

The toleranced feature shall meet the following requirements:

- Each actual local size of each feature shall remain within the size tolerance of 0,l and therefore may vary between (I 8,l
and 8,2 [see figures 27 b) and 27 c)].
- All toleranced features shall comply with the virtual condition boundary, i.e. the inscribed cylinder of perfect form of $I 8
(= @!3,1 - 0.1 I, where each of these cylinders is located in its theoretically exact position in relation to the other cylinders
[dimension 32 in an exact 90’ pattern, see figures 27 b) and 27 cl] and also in its theoretically exact position in relation to the
datum axis when the mating size of the datum feature A is at the maximum material size of (I 10 [see figure 27 b)].
In the extreme case, the axis of each feature shall, therefore, remain within the positional tolerancezone of @0,l when each
feature diameter is at its maximum material size of $I 8,l [see figure 27 b)l and may vary within a tolerance zone of @0,2 when
each ieature diameter is at its least material size of $I 8,2 [see figure 27 c)].
- The actual axis of the datum feature A may float in relation to the virtual conditions of the position of the four features if
there is a departure from the maximum material size of the datum feature. The value of the float is equal to the departure of the
mating size of the datum feature from its maximum material size [see figures 27 b) and 27 ~11.
In the extreme case, the actual axis of the datum feature A may, therefore, float within a zone of (0 0,2 when the datum
feature A is of perfect form and of least material size q~10.2 [see figure 27 c)].

Datum axis A
floating within the
Dermissibtezone of 6 0.2

Figure 27 b) Figure 27 cl

18
 IS 8000 ( Part 2) : 1992
IS02692 ::6988

The positional tolerance applies to the four toleranced features in relatior! to each other as well as in relation to the datum feature.
The given value is increased by an amount equal to the departure given in table 4 (second column).

The additional positional tolerance which depends on the size of the datum feature (due to the maximum materral condition on the
datum) applies only to the toleranced features as a group tolerances in relation to the datum feature, but does not apply to the
toleranced features in relation to each other, i.e. the datum may float in relation to the tuleranced feature ;f,Jr the value:;, see
table 4).

Table 4
- --_ __- __“__ .._
Toleranced Positional tolerance of Datum hole Flc’ating zone
c hole diameter ---I- each toleranced feature l- diameter for datum feature

-- .I___...--- ..---1

Any combination of the values in the second and fourth columns of table 4 may occur. The values rl ttlc ::econd ant! foc,rth
columns cannot simply be added because they have different kterpretations. Some examples of extreme c:ri-nhinatiorsr jre ylven
in table 5.

Tablle 5

Tolerance zone for toleranced feature

i Tolerance zone for datum feature

-I__-

Tolerance diagram

I-- -11-- ^-- __._.--..

- __~ ..___

“he functionai gauge isee figure 28) represen 1’. tht \‘I{: al zor,l ‘ion
-IS 8000 (Part 2 ) : 1992
IS0 2692 : 1966

8.2 Coaxiality tolerance

a1 Indication on the drawing

30 _ 15
I-

Figure 29 a)

b) Functional requirements

The actual toleranced feature shall meet the following requirements:

- Each actual local size of the feature shall remain within the size tolerance of 0.05 and therefore may vary between I$ 12 and
@ 1135 [see figures 29 b) and 29 131.

- The whole feature shall remain within the virtual condition boundary, i.e. the enveloping cylinder of perfect form of
$I 12.04 ( = $I 12 + 0,041 and coaxial to the datum axis A when the mating size of the datum feature A is at its maximum material
size [see figures 29 b) and 29 cl].

- The actual axis of the datum feature A may float in relation to the virtual condition if there is a departure from the
maximum material size of the datum feature. The value of the float is equal to the departure of the mating size of the datum
feature from its maximum material size [see figure 29 dll.

The axis of the feature shall, therefore, remain within the coaxiality tolerance zone of I$ 0,04 when all diameters of the feature
are at their maximum material size of @ 12 [see figure 29 bll and may vary within a tolerance zone of up to I$I0,09 when all
diameters of the toleranced feature are at their least material size of C$11,95 and the mating size of the datum feature is at the
maximum material size of $I 25 [see figure 29 dl. The actual axis of the datum feature A may float within a zone of @0,05 when
the mating size of the datum feature A is at the least material size of Q 24,95 [see figure 29 d)]. As in this caseanly one feature is
related to the datum, the float of the datum has the effect of an increase in the coaxiality tolerance as illustrated in figure 29 e).

r Datum axis A
Virtual size -i

Figure 29 b) Figure 29 c)

20
 mooo(Part2):1992
IS0 2692 : 1988

Datum axis A within the permissible

tolerance zone of @ 0,0!3
Virtual size
1

Figure 29 dl

Maximum coaxial deviation

I-

where

4 is the maximum material size MMS of the datum feature

d2 is the virtual size of the toleranced feature

t is the geometrical tolerance

Ad, = d, minus the mating size of the datum feature

t + Ad2 = d2 minus the mating size of the toleranced feature
t + Ad2
Maximum coaxial deviation: = 2
( ~
2
+ $ + Ad, -
‘I >
‘2

z 2 + 0,025 + 0,05;
>

= 0,19

Figure 29 e)

The functional gauge (see figure 30) represents the virtual condition.

Figure 30

21
 Bureau of Indian Standards

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This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot : No. LMD 02 ( 0076 )

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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