Project On Capacitor

DAYANAND sr. sec.
SCHOOL
SESSION (2022-23)
PHYSICS
PROJECT REPORT
The dependence of capacitor

on plate size and spacing for a
parallel plate capacitor
SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
Mrs. Priyanka Singla

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Aditya Swami of class XII

has successfully completed the investigatory
project on the topic “The dependence of
capacitor on plate size and spacing for a parallel
plate capacitor”under my guidance during the
year 2022-23 in the partial fulfillment of the
Physics practical examination conducted by
CBSE.
Teacher
External Examiner Principal
INDEX
S.No. Topic Page Number
1. Abstract 1
2. Objective 1
3. Introduction 2-3
4. Apparatus 4
5. Procedure 4–5
6. Observations & Result 5-6
7. Discussion 6-7
8. Conclusion 7
9. Bibliography 8
DECLARATION
I do hereby declare that this project work has
been originally carried under the guidance and
supervision of Mrs. Priyanka Singla Ma’am,
Physics Teacher,
Dayanand Sr. Sec. School, Sirsa
ADITYA SWAMI
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere
thanks to Principal, Fr. Selvaraj Peter, Dayanand
Sr. Sec. School, Sirsa for her encouragement and
for all the facilities that she provided for this project
work. I extend my heartly thanks to Mrs. Priyanka
Singla, Physics teacher, who guided me to successful
completion of this project. I take this opportunity to
express my deep sense of gratitude for his invaluable
guidance, constant encouragement, constructive
comment, sympathetic attitude and immense
motivation, which has sustained my efforts at all
stages of this project work. I can’t forget to offer my
sincere thanks to my classmate who helped me to
carry out this project work successfully & for their
valuable advice & support, which I received from
them time to time.
ABSTRACT
In this experiment we are to verify the
capacitor’s dependence on plate size and the
spacing between the two parallel plates of the
capacitor. Also this experiment deals in the
calculation of the value of capacitors.
OBJECTIVE
-To verify the dependence of capacitor on plate

size and spacing for a parallel plate capacitor.
-To measure the capacitance of the capacitor.
INTRODUCTION
A capacitor is a device that stores energy in the
electric field created between a pair of
conductors on which electric charges of equal
magnitude but opposite sign have been placed so
a capacitor can be made up of two metal surfaces
separated by a certain distance. When there is a
potential difference across the conductors, an
electric field develops across the dielectric
causing positive charge to collect on one plate
and negative charge on the other plate. If battery
has been attached to a sufficient amount of time
no current can flow through the capacitor.
However if a time varying voltage is applied to
across the leads of the capacitor a displacement
current can flow.
An ideal capacitor is characterized by a single
constant value for its capacitance. Capacitance is
expressed as the ratio of the electric charge Q on
each conductor to the potential difference V
between them. The SI unit for capacitance is
Farad (F) which is equals to 1 Coulomb over 1
volt.
When two parallel plates are connected across
the battery, the plates become charged and an
electric field will be established between them.
Using the definition of capacitance we can
determine the capacitance C of an ideal capacitor
as a function of its structure.
This equation for the capacitance of a parallel

capacitor shows that C is a constant independent
of the charge stored in on the plates or the
voltage across the capacitor.
The amount of charge needed to produce a
potential difference in the capacitor depends on
area of the plates, distance between the plates
and non conducting material between the plates.
Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits
for blocking direct current while allowing
alternate current to pass.
APPARATUS
 Parallel plate capacitor (need to make five

different capacitors with Aluminum foil for
each part of the experiment).
 A stack of A4 paper
 Ruler
 Digital Multi meter
PROCEDURE
PART A: To verify the dependence of capacitance on
plate size for a parallel plate capacitor.
 Took aluminum foil and cut them in rectangular
shape in pairs and placed required number of paper
between them. This arrangement now acted like a
capacitor.
 Made five such capacitors of different sizes. The
thickness must be uniform and constant for all the
capacitors.
 Then measured the capacitance and the area of each
capacitor. Recorded the data in Table 1.
 Found the dielectric constant k, in each case.
 Graph of Capacitance versus Area.
 PART B: To verify the dependence of capacitance on
spacing between the plates for a parallel plate
capacitor.
 Followed the first step of part A to make capacitor.
 Made five capacitors of same area with different
thickness. The number of the paper between the
pates changes the thickness of the capacitor.
 Then measured the capacitance and the thickness of
each capacitor. Then recorded the data in Table 2.
 Found the dielectric constant k in each case.
 Graph of capacitance versus thickness.
RESULTS
Table 1
Spacing thickness between the plates = 2.5 meter
Area of the Capacitance Dielectric
plate m2 (Farad) constant k
2 7.1 x 10 -12 1.03
3 1.1 x 10 -11 1.00
4 1.4 x 10 -11 0.98
5 1.7 x 10 -11 0.96
6 2.1 x 10 -11 0.92
Table 2
Area of the plate : 5 meter square
Spacing
thickness Capacitance Dielectric
between the (Farad) constant k
plates meter
2.5 1.8 x 10 -11 1.02
3.5 1.3 x 10 -11 1.03
4.5 9.8 x 10 -12 0.99
5.5 8.0 x 10 -12 0.99
6.5 6.8 x 10 -12 1.00
DISCUSSION
The relationship between the capacitance and the area
of the plate in part A of the experiment. In part B of the
experiment we were to see the relationship between
the capacitance and the spacing between the two
plates that is the distance between the two plates of
the capacitor.
When part A of the experiment was carried out, the
results were such that when the area of the plate was
increased keeping in mind that the spacing between
the plates was kept constant, the capacitance
increased.
And in part B of the experiment when the spacing
between the plates was increased, capacitance
decreased keeping the area of the plate constant in
this part of the experiment.
The dielectric constant was calculated using the
formula by simply putting the values in the equation.
CONCLUSION
After conducting the experiment, the conclusion is
such that the objective of the experiment is achieved
and the results are also verifying the theory which
states that when the area of the plate is increased the
capacitance is increased , that shows that area of the
plate is directly proportional to the value of the
capacitance.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Wikipedia
Physics NCERT Text Book
Comprehensive Physics Practical Class-XII

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DAYANAND sr. sec.

The dependence of capacitor

Mrs. Priyanka Singla

This is to certify that Aditya Swami of class XII

External Examiner Principal

6. Observations & Result 5-6

-To verify the dependence of capacitor on plate

This equation for the capacitance of a parallel

 Parallel plate capacitor (need to make five

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