MANGOSUTHUUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF NATURE CONSERVATION BACHELOR OF APPLIED SCIENCES COASTAL AND MARINE ECOLOGY I (CMECO11) CONTROL TEST 1
05/09/2023 Examiner: Mr. Tshapa Marks: 90 marks Moderator: Prof. McDonald Time: 120 minutes FILL IN YOUR NAME AND STUDENT NUMBER IN YOUR ANSWER SHEET.
INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.
Question 1 Answer the following multiple-choice questions by choosing the correct letter (for example 1.1 a) 1.1What are phytoplankton? a) Microscopic animal life that floats freely in the sunlit surface waters. b) Pollen floating freely in the lighted surface waters. c) Microscopic plant life that floats freely in the sunlit surface waters.
d) Microscopic plant life that is fand on the ocean's floor.
Ocean? 1.2 Why is there high salinity in the Mediterranean a) Precipitation
b) Evaporation c) Volcanoes d) Deposition
it isslightly ( ) 1.3 The pH of sea water is around(), meaning a) 7, neutral
1|Page b) 8,acidic C)8, basic d) 3, acidic
L.4 Which of these isthe tide of maximal range which occurs near the times of new moon and Tul moon when the Sun and Moon are aligned with Earth? a) Spring tide b) Neap tide c) Red tide
d) Tidal wave
1.5 What is another name for
seismic sea waves? ¥) Volcano b) P waves
c) Undertow
d) Seiches
1.6 CO, mixes with H0, creating (), This acts as a buffer system and keeps the pH of the ocean from changing very much. a) Nucleic acid b) Hydrogen c) Carbon dioxide d) Carbonic acid
1.7 Which factors influence ocean currents?
I. Earth's rotation (Coriolis force)
II. Winds across the ocean
III. Density of the water
IV. Convection Currents a) (0), (0) and (IV) b)(), (0) and (IV) c) (), (1) and (ll)
2 | Page aj 0, (), (on) and (V)
1.8 Which ofthe
following is a result of increasedsea temperatures on coral reeisi pi Coral bleaching b) Coral growth c) Corals being transplanted as invasive species d) Corals developing new symbiotic relationships
1.9 In which of the following the direction of Ocean currents are reversed with season? a) In the Pacific Ocean
b) In the Atlantic Ocean
c) In the Indian Ocean
d) In the Arctic Ocean
1.10 Tides in the sea have stored in them:
a) Kinetic energy
b)Gravitational potential energy
c) Hydraulic energy (d)A combination of allthe above three forms of energy
1.11 Insea, plants are restricted up to the deptt: of...
a) 2000 m b) 1000 m
c) 200 m
aj20 m 1.12 E1 Nino ocCurs over...
a) Mediterranean Sea
b) Pacific Ocean c) Atlantic Ocean
d) Indian Ocean
3| Page the surface of the sea due to Sea-waves are undulated movements of water on I.l5 a) Rotation of earth b) Difference in temperature
c)Friction of wind on the surface
d) None of these
1.14Ocean currents are caused by
a) Underwater earthquakes b) Human influence
c) Sun, Moon and Earth interaction
d) Density differences
1.15 What part of the ocean floor would be the most difficult to explore due to pressure? a) Continental slope b) Sea mount
) Trench d) Abyssal plain
1.16The land has a() heat capacity, while the ocean has a () heat capacity. a) Low, high b) High, high o) High, low d) Low, low
1.17 What part of the ocean floor would be most affected by sea levelchange? a) Abyssal plain b) Çontinental shelf c) Continental slope d) Trench
4|Page 1.18 Salinity is a measurement salinity is)ppt. The two of the weight of dissolved solids in the major salts in theocean are water. The average Ocean a) 70 ppt. ()and () b) 39 ppt. phosphate, silica bicarbonate, c)35 ppt. sodium, sodium chloride d) 30 ppt. sodium, chlorine 1.19() is arapid change in density, where () is a rapid change in temperature. a) Pycnocline,thermocline b) Thermocline, pycnocline c) Hypertonic; hypotonic d) Ddc, ccd
1.20 Which tidal pattern results in two nearly equal high tides and two low tides each day?
a) Daily tides b)Spring tides c) Semiannualtides d) Semidiurnal tides Total: 20 marks
Question 2 2.Compare and contrast between he foliowing terms by giving a suitable definition. {1 mark for each term = 14) 2.1 Western and Eastern boundary currents 2.2 Equatorial and northern/southern boundary current 2.3 Upwelling and downwelling 2.4 Deep water and shallowwater wave
2.5 Capillary and gravity wave
2.6 Swash and backwash
2.7 Erosional and depositional shores
5|Page Question 3 Petacll 3.1List and discuss 3 cellcirculation model (direction, causes and state of current). (6)
D.2 EKman spiral and transport is caused by wind and the Coriolis effect. Using drawing illustrate the EKman spiralandtransport by showing geostrophic balance (gyre) and western intensification. (8} 3.3 PacificOcean Circulation is subiectedto season changes. Discuss the occurrence of the EI Nino Southern Oscillation (warm phase and cooling phase). {8) 3.4 Using the diagram belowdiscuss how changes in water depth influence temperature, water density, and salinity. (6} A(°C) 25 Temperature st3.1 o st4.1 O 20 st3.2 st1.1 st2.1 e st4.2 15 st4.3 st3.3 er sl1.20 st2.2 s2.3 10 st1.3
3.5 Discuss, broadly, adaptations of rocky shore organisms under unstable abiotic conditions. {8} 3.6 List and characterize five rocky shore zonations in relation to temperature, moisture content, species diversity and salinity. (20}
