10 Phy 14

Refraction
LECTURE -7
 [8] Name the type of mirror used in the following situations.
(a) Headlights of a car.
(b) Side/rear-view mirror of a vehicle.
(c) Solar furnace. Support your answer with reason.
[A] (a) Concave mirror
(b) Convex mirror
© Concave mirror
 [9] One-half of a convex lens is covered with a black paper. Will this lens produce a
complete image of the object? Verify your answer experimentally. Explain your
observations.
 [A] A convex lens forms complete image of an object, even if its one half is covered
with black paper. It can be explained by considering following two cases.
 Case I :
When the upper half of the lens is covered.
In this case, a ray of light coming from the object will be refracted by the lower half
of the lens. These rays meet at the other side of the lens to form the image of the
given object, as shown in the following figure.
 Case II: When the lower half of the lens is covered.

In this case, a ray of light coming from the object is refracted by the upper half of the lens.
These rays meet at the other side of the lens to form the image of the given object, as
shown in the given figure.
[10] An object 5 cm in length is held 25 cm away from a converging lens of focal
length 10 cm. Draw the ray diagram and find the position, size and the nature of
the image formed.
[A] Converging lens = convex lens
Focal length f = +10cm
Size of the object, h = 5cm
object distance, u = - 25cm
v=? h’ =?
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
we have = -
𝒇 𝒗 𝒖
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝒙𝟐𝟓 −(𝟏𝒙𝟏𝟎) 𝟐𝟓−𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟓
Therefore = + = + = - = = =
𝒗 𝒇 𝒖 𝟏𝟎 −𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝟐𝟓𝟎
hence v= 250/15 = 50/3 =+16.67cm

 Here f = 10cm, u =-25cm and v= +16.67cm
 ie u > 2F 2F=2x10 =20cm
 We have to draw the ray diagram when object is placed beyond 2F1
B
I
o
M
ℎ′ 𝑣
 Magnification m = =
ℎ 𝑢
𝒉𝒙𝒗 5𝑥16.67
 Image size h’ = = = -3.33cm
𝒖 −25
 The image is real, inverted and smaller than the object
 [11] A concave lens of focal length 15 cm forms an image 10 cm from the lens. How far is
the object placed from the lens? Draw the ray diagram.
 [A] f = -15cm
v = -10cm [f, u, v are negative for concave lens]
u =?
1 1 1
= -
𝑓 𝑣 𝑢
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 1 1 1 1 1𝑥15 +(1𝑥−10) 15−10 5
Therefore = - = - = + = = =
𝒖 𝒗 𝒇 −10 −15 −10 15 −10𝑥15 −150 −150
Hence object distance u = -150/5 = -30cm from the optic centre of the lens.
B
M
I
O
 [12] An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm from a convex mirror of focal length 15
cm. Find the position and nature of the image.
 [A] u = -10cm
f = +15cm
v= ?
We have
Therefore
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝒙𝟏𝟎 +(𝟏𝒙𝟏𝟓) 𝟐𝟓
= - = + = =
𝒗 𝟏𝟓 −𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟓𝟎
Hence image distance v = 150/25 = +6cm
The image is formed at a distance of 6cm behind the mirror. The image formed is
virtual and erect.
 [13] The magnification produced by a plane mirror is +1. What does this mean?
 [A] The plus sign of the magnification shows that the image formed is virtual and erect. m =+1 indicates that
the size of the image is same as the size of the object.
[plane mirror case]
 [14] An object 5.0 cm in length is placed at a distance of 20 cm in front of a convex mirror of radius of
curvature 30 cm. Find the position of the image, its nature and size.
 [A] object size h = 5cm
 u = -20cm
 R = +30cm [R&f = +ve for convex mirror]
 f = R/2 = 30/2 = +15cm
 h’ =? V= ?
 We have
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝒙𝟐𝟎 +(𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟏) 𝟐𝟎+𝟏𝟓 𝟑𝟓

 Therefore = - = + = = =
𝟏𝟓 −𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟐𝟎 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟎𝟎
 Hence v = 300/35 = +8.57cm
 ie image is formed at a distance of 8.57cm behind the mirror.
𝒉′ −𝒗
 Magnification m= =
𝒉 𝒖
𝒉𝒙(−𝒗)
 Image size h’ =
𝒖
𝟓𝒙−𝟖.𝟓𝟕 −𝟒𝟐.𝟖𝟓
 h’ = = =2.14cm
−𝟐𝟎 −𝟐𝟎
 The Image formed is virtual and erect with the height 2.14cm.

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Refraction

 Case II: When the lower half of the lens is covered.

hence v= 250/15 = 50/3 =+16.67cm

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝒙𝟐𝟎 +(𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟏) 𝟐𝟎+𝟏𝟓 𝟑𝟓

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