486 GOLDEN SCIENCE--X

NCERT INTEXT QUESTIONS (Page 171)

. Find the focal length of a conpex mirror whose radius
of curvature is 32 cm.
positive, s0
Ms. As the radius of curvature and focal length of a convex mirror are
R= +32 cm
and R
f= 2 =+ 16 em. Ans.

2. Aconcave mirror produces three times magnified (enlarged) real image of an object
placed at 10 cm in front of it. Where is the image located?
Ans. As the image is real, so magnification m must be negative.
h'
= = - = -3
Or
U =3u
But u =-10 cm
V=3 x (-10) = -30 cm. Ans.
Thus the image is located at a distance of 30 cm from the mirror on the object side
of the mirror.

Numerical Examples based on Formation of Images by Spherical Mirrors

Q. 36. An object of size 5 cm is placed at a
a concave mirror of radius of curyature 30 cm. distance of 25 cm from the pole of
the image so formed. What will be the Calculate the distance and size of
nature of the image?
Ans. (CBSE Sample Paper 2005)
Object size, h = +5.0 çm
Object distance, u = -25 cm
Radius of curvature, R= -30 cm R is -ve for a
R
concave mirror
Focal length, f = 2
= -15 cm

As 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1
H|: || -5+3 -2
-15
-25 75 75
V = -37.5cm. Ans.
h'
Magnification, m =
vh
Image size, h' =

(-37.5 cm) (+5.0 cm

(-25 cm =-7.ã cm. Ans.
 REFLECTION AND REFRACTION 487

As s - e , So
a real, inverted image of height 7.5 cm is formed at a distance of 37.5
front of the mirror
mirror of focal
An obyect, 4. 0cm in sZe, is placed
at 25.0 cm in front of a concaveplaced
Q. 37. in order
cm. At what distance from themirror should a screen be
lenagth 15. 0
obtain a sharp image? Find the nature and the size of the image.
to Exampnle 10 2 Textbook
25.0 cm
Ans.
Object size, h = +4.0 cm Object distance, u =
Focal length, f = - 15.0 cm Image distance, v = ?
Image size, h'= ?
1 1 1
=
As f
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
f -15 25 15 25

1 -5 +3 U= -37.5 cm. Ans.

or
75
the mirror
from the mirror on the object side of
The screen should be placed at 37.5 cmn
to obtain asharp image.
Magnification, m = h
(-37.5 cm) (+4.0 cm) Ans.
vh = -6.0 cm.
Image size, h' = (-25 cm )

enlarged in size.
The image is real, inverted and concave mirror of
object 2cm in size is placed 30 cm in front of a be placed in
Q. 38. An the mirror should a sereen
cm. At what distance from of the image
focal length l5 What will be the nature and the size this case.
sharp image?
order to obtain a show the formation of the
image in
formed? Draw a ray diagram to CBSE 2008 C)

Ans. Here, h = + 2 cm, u = -30 cm, f= -l5 cm

1 1
As

1 1 1
1 1 1
=
-15 -30 30

U= - 30 cm. Ans.
the real
placed at 30 cm in front of the mirror so as to obtain
Thus, the screen should
image.
h'
Magnification, m = h
vh (-30)(+2)
2 cm
Image size, h' = (-30)
488 GOLDEN SCIENCE-X
The image is real, inverted and of the same size as the object. The image formation is
shown in the ray diagram given below.

B'C

Fig. 10.27
Q. 39. A convex mirror used for rear-view on an automobile has a radius of
curvature of 3.00 m. If a bus is located at 5.00 m from this mirror, find the position,
nature and size of the image. (Textbook Example 10.1)
Ans. Radius of curvature, R = +3.00 m IR is +ve for a convex mirrorl
Object distance, u = -5.00 m
Image distance,U =?
Height of the image, h' = ?
R 3.00 m
Focal length, f = 2 2
= +1.50 m

As I.1 1

1 1 1 1 1 -
1 1
+
f 1.50 (-5.00) 1.50 5.00

5.00+ 1.50
7.50

+7.50
6.50 =+1.15 m Ans.
The image is 1.15 m at the back of the mirror.
h' 1.15 m
Magnification, m =
h -5.00 m
= +0.23 Ans.
The image is virtual, erect and smaller in size by a
factor of 0.23.
Q. 40. A convex mirror used on a
moving automobile has a radius of curvature
of 3.0 m. If a truck is following it at a
constant distance of 4.5 m, find (i)) the
position, (ii) the nature and (iii)the magnification for the image.
CBSE (Foreign) 20041
 GHT-REFLECTION AND REFRACTION 489

mirror
Radius of curvature, R = +3.00 m (R is +Ue for a convex
Ans.
Object distance, u = -4.5 m
Image distance, D =?
Image size. h' = ?
R 3.00 m = +1.50 m
Foca! length, f = 2 2
mirror!
|f is +ve for a convex
1 1 1
As

3+1 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4.5 4.5
1.50 -4.5 1.50 4.5
f
Image distance, U= m. Ans.

mirror.
The image is 9/8 m at the back of the
h' 98 Ans.
= +0.25.
Magnification, m = 4.5
size by a factor of 0.25
(one-fourth) than the
virtual, erect and smaller in
The image is
object.
mirror produces three times enlarged image of an object
Q. 41. A concave Calculate the radius of curvature of
the mirror.
placed at 10 cm infront of it.
Sample Paper 2008
CBSE
m is negative,
of the concave mirror is real, so
Ans. The image formed in front
m = - 3, u = - 10 cm
U
or - 3 = or u = -30 cm
As
m = -10

By mirror formula,
1 1 1 4
1 1
+ =
-10 -30 30
f

30
-7.5 cm
or f 4
=

(-7.5) =- 15 cm. Ans.

Radius of curvature. R = 2f = 2x
length 20 cm. The
object is kept in front of a concave mirror of focal
Q. 42. An
three times the size of the object. Calculate the two possible
image formed is (CBSE 1994:
distances of the object from the mirror.
so f = - 20 cm
Ans. As the mirror is concave,
(a) When the image formed is real:
m =
h L-3 u
 GOLDEN SCIENCE-X

490
U=+ 3/
Or
1
1
+
As
1
4
1 1 1 20
Or
20 3u
3u
-80 26.67 cm. Ans.
-20x 4
Or 3

(6) When the image formed is virtual:

h' = +3
m =
h
U=- 3u

1 1 1
As

1 1 2 1
1
3u
=

20 3u 20
-20 x 2 -40 13.33 cm. Ans.
Or =

NUMERICAL PROBLEMS FOR SELF PRACTICE

1. A burning candle is placed 20 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm. Find
the nature and position of the image formed. [Ans. 20 cm, real and inverted]
2. An object is placed at a distance of 4 cm from a concave mirror of focal length l cm. Find
the position and nature of image. [Ans. 6 cm, virtual and erect)
3. An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm from a convex mirror of focal length 20 cm. Find
the position and nature of image. (Ans. 6.67 cm, virtual and erect
4. Aconcave mirror produces a real image of height 2 cm of an object of height 0.5 cm placed
10 em away from the mirror. Find the position of the image and focal length of the mirror.
[Ans. v = 40 cm, f= -8 cm]
5. An object 2 cm high is placed at a distance of 16 cm from a concave
mirror which produces
a real image 3 cm high.
(a) What is the focal length of the mirror?
(b) Find the position of the image. [Ans. f= -9.6 cm, v = - 24 cm]
6. An object is placed at a distance of 20 cm before a
at a distance of 40 cm from the mirror.
concave mirror. A real image is obtained
Calculate the focal length of the mirror and
magnification.
[Ans. f=-13.3 cm, m = -2]
7. A Small candle 2.5 cm in size is placed 27
cm in front of a concave mirror of radius of
curvature 36 cm. At what distance from the mirror should a screen
receive asharp image? Describe the nature and size of the image. be placed in order to
IAns. 54 cm from the mirror on the same side as
the object, image is real
and inverted, h = -5 cm)
8. An object is placed at a distance 3f12 fromn a
concave
pOsition of image in terms f What is the magnificationmirror
of focal length 'f. Find the
and nature of image formed?
(Ans. 3f, twice, real and inverted