PHYSICS 10 TH

Numerical Problems Solution

Chapter No: 12

“Geometrical Optics”
Compiled by:
Maher Muzamal Hussain
BSC (PU), Master’s in Information Technology

The Punjab Science Academy

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Formulae used in Chapter No: 12 Sign of Convections

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= + For Convex Mirror OR Concave Lens
𝒇 𝒑 𝒒
𝑴=
𝒉𝒊 𝒒
=
“q” & “f” are taken as Negative
𝒉𝒐 𝒑
𝑹
𝒇= For Concave Mirror OR Convex Lens
𝟐

𝒏=
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒊 “q” & “f” are taken as Positive
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒓
𝟏
𝒑= Distance of object= p Distance of image = q
𝒇

12.1: An object 10.0 cm in front of a convex mirror forms an image 5.0 cm behind the mirror. What is the
focal length of the mirror?
Data:
Distance of object = p = 10cm
Distance of image = q = –5 cm (for convex mirror)
Required
Focal length = f =?
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Solution: we know that = +
𝒇 𝒑 𝒒
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
=𝒑+𝒒
𝒇
1 1 1
= 10 + (−5)
𝑓
1
= 0.1 − 0.2
𝑓
1
= −0.1
𝑓
1
f = − 0.1
f = −𝟏𝟎 𝒄𝒎
12.2: An object 30.0 cm tall is located 10.5 cm from a concave mirror with focal length 16.0cm. (a) Where
is the image located? (b) How high is it?
Data:
Object height = ho = 30cm
Distance of object =p= 10.5cm
Focal length = f=16cm
Required
a) Distance of image = q =?
b) Image height = hi =?
Solution: we know that
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒉𝒊 𝒒
(a) =𝒑+𝒒 (b) 𝑴= =𝒑
𝒇 𝒉𝒐
1 1 1 𝑞
= − ℎ𝑖 = × ℎ𝑜
𝑝
𝑞 𝑓 𝑝 30.54
1 1 1 ℎ𝑖 = × 30
= 16 − 10.5 10.5
𝑞 𝒉𝒊 = 𝟖𝟕. 𝟐𝟔 𝒄𝒎

Prepared by: Maher Muzamal Hussain Maher Muzamal Hussain EC (MMH EC)
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1
= 0.0625 − 0.0952
𝑞
1
= −0.0327
𝑞
1
q= − 0.0327
q= −𝟑𝟎. 𝟓4 cm
12.3: An object and its image in a concave mirror are of the same height, yet inverted, when the object is
20.0 cm from the mirror. What is the focal length of the mirror?
Data:
Distance of object = p = 20cm
Object and image in concave mirror have same height hi=ho
Required:
Focal length = f =?
Solution: we know that
𝒉 𝒒
The height of image is same as the height of object so 𝑴 = 𝒉 𝒊 = 𝒑 = 𝟏. Hence the distance of
𝒐
object is equal to the distance of image from the concave mirror.
p=20cm then q= 20cm
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= +
𝒇 𝒑 𝒒
1 1 1
= 20 + 20
𝑓
1
= 0.05 + 0.05
𝑓
1
= 0.1
𝑓
1
f = 0.1
f = 𝟏𝟎 𝒄𝒎
12.4: Find the focal length of a mirror that forms an image 5.66cm behind a mirror of an object placed at
34.4 cm in front of the mirror. Is the mirror concave or convex?
Data:
Distance of object = p = 34.4cm
Distance of image = q = 5.66 cm
Required:
Focal length = f =?
Solution: We know that
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= +
𝒇 𝒑 𝒒
As the image is formed behind the mirror, so it would be convex mirror, so “q” and “f” are all taken
as negative. q= -5.66 cm p= 34.4 cm
1 1 1
= 34.4 + −5.66
𝑓
1
= 0.029 − 0.177
𝑓
1
= −0.148
𝑓
1
f= −
0.148
f = −𝟔. 𝟕𝟕 𝒄𝒎 (Convex Mirror)
12.5: An image of a statue appears to be 11.5 cm behind a convex mirror with focal length 13.5 cm. Find
the distance from the statue to the mirror.
Data:
Distance of image = q = 11.5 cm

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Focal length = f =13.5cm

Required: Distance of object = p =?
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Solution: We know that = +
𝒇 𝒑 𝒒
As we know that convex mirror has sign convection, so “q” and “f” are all taken as negative.
q= −11.5 cm f=−13.5 cm
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
=𝒇−𝒒
𝒑
1 1 1
= −13.5 − −11.5
𝑝
1
= −0.074 + 0.086
𝑝
1
= 0.01288
𝑝
1
p=
0.01288
p = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟔𝟐 𝒄𝒎
12.6: An image is produced by a concave mirror of focal length 8.70 cm. The object is 13.2 cm tall and at a
distance 19.3 cm from the mirror, (a) Find the location and height of the image, (b) Find the height of the
image produced by the mirror if the object is twice as far from the mirror.
Data:
Focal length = f = 8.70cm
Object length = ho = 13.2cm
Distance of object = p1 = 19.3cm
Required:
a) 1) Location of image = q =?
2) Height of image = hi =?
b) 1) Location of image = q =?
2) Height of image= hi =? if p2 =2p1
Solution: We know that
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 (a) (2) (b) (1) When object (a) (2)
(a) (1) 𝒇 = 𝒑 + 𝒒
1 1 1 𝒉𝒊 𝒒 become twice, p2 p2 =38.6 cm
= − 𝑴 = = =2p1 then p2 q= 11.23 cm
𝑞 𝑓 𝑝1 𝒉𝒐 𝒑
1 1 1 =2(19.3) 𝑞
= − 𝑞 ℎ 𝑖 = × ℎ𝑜
𝑞 8.70 19.3 ℎ𝑖 = × ℎ𝑜 𝑝2
1 p2 =38.6 cm
= 0.1149 − 0.0518 𝑝1 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑞 =𝒑+𝒒 11.23
1 15.84 𝒇 ℎ𝑖 = 38.6 × 13.2
= 0.0631 ℎ𝑖 = 19.3 × 13.2 1 1 1
𝑞 = −
1
q = 0.0631
𝑞 𝑓 𝑝2 𝒉𝒊 = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟒 𝒄𝒎
𝒉𝒊 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟑 𝒄𝒎 1 1 1
= 8.70 − 38.6
q= 𝟏𝟓. 𝟖𝟒 𝒄𝒎 𝑞
1
𝑞
= 0.1149 − 0.0259
1
= 0.089
𝑞
1
q = 0.089
q= 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟑 𝒄𝒎
12.7: Nabeela uses a concave mirror when applying makeup. The mirror has a radius of curvature of 38.0
cm. (a) What is the focal length of the mirror? (b) Nabeela is located 50 cm from the mirror. Where will
her image appear? (c) Will the image be upright or inverted?
Data:
Radius of the curvature = R = 38cm

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Distance of object = p = 50 cm
Required:
(a) Focal length = f =?
(b) Distance of image = q =?
(c) Image is Upright or inverted =?
Solution: We know that
𝑹 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 (c) The image is real,
(a) 𝒇= (b) =𝒑+𝒒
𝟐 𝒇
1 1 1 inverted and
𝑓=
38 =𝑓−𝑝
𝑞 smaller in size.
2 1 1 1
= 19 − 50
𝒇 = 𝟏𝟗 𝒄𝒎 𝑞
1
= 0.0526 − 0.02
𝑞
1
= 0.0326
𝑞
1
q = 0.0326
q= 𝟑𝟎. 𝟔 𝒄𝒎
12.8: An object 4 cm high is placed at a distance of 12 cm from a convex lens of focal length 8 cm. Calculate
the position and size of the image. Also state the nature of the image.
Data:
Height of object = ho = 4cm
Distance of object = p = 12 cm
Focal length = f = 8cm
Required:
a) Size of image = q =?
b) Position of image = hi =?
c) Nature of image =?
Solution: We know that
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒉𝒊 𝒒
a) =𝒑+𝒒 b) 𝑴= =𝒑
𝒇 𝒉𝒐
1 1 1 𝒒
𝑞
=𝑓−𝑝 𝒉𝒊 = × 𝒉𝒐
1 1 1 𝒑
= 8 − 12 24
𝑞
1 ℎ𝑖 = ×4
= 0.125 − 0.0833 12
𝑞 𝒉𝒊 = 𝟖 𝒄𝒎
1
= 0.0417
𝑞
q = 0.0417
1 c) Image is real, inverted &
magnified because it is convex
q= 𝟐𝟒 𝒄𝒎
lens and “f” & “q” are positive.
12.9: An object 10 cm high is placed at a distance of 20 cm from a concave lens of focal length 15 cm.
Calculate the position and size of the image. Also, state the nature of the image.
Data:
Size of object = ho = 10cm
Distance of object = p = 20 cm
Focal length = f = –15 cm (for concave lens)
Required:
a) Position of image = q =?
b) Size of image = hi =?

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c) Nature of image =?
Solution: We know that
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒉𝒊 𝒒
a) =𝒑+𝒒 b) 𝑴= =𝒑
𝒇 𝒉𝒐
1 1 1 𝒒
=𝑓−𝑝 𝒉𝒊 = × 𝒉𝒐
𝑞
1 1 1 𝒑
= (−15) − 20 8.5
𝑞
1 ℎ𝑖 = × 10
= −0.067 − 0.05 20
𝑞 𝒉𝒊 = 𝟒. 𝟐𝟓 𝒄𝒎
1
= −0.117
𝑞
q = − 0.117
1 c) Image is virtual, erect &
diminished because it is concave
q= −𝟖. 𝟓 𝒄𝒎 (for concave lens)
lens and “f” & “q” are negative.

12.10: A convex lens of focal length 6 cm is to be used to form a virtual image three times the size of the
object. Where the lens must be placed?
Data:
Magnification = M = 3
Focal length = f = 6cm
Required:
Position of object = p =?
Solution: We know that
𝒒 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
As 𝑴=
𝒑 = +
𝒇 𝒑 𝒒
𝑞 1 1 1
3= 𝑝 = +
𝑓 𝑝 (−3𝑝)
1 1 1
𝒒 = 𝟑𝒑 = 𝑝 − 3𝑝
𝑓
1 3−1
For virtual image we use 𝒒 = −𝟑𝒑 𝑓
=
3𝑝
1 2
=
𝑓 3𝑝
1 2
= (cross multiplication)
6 3𝑝
3𝑝 = 12
𝑝 = 12⁄3
𝒑 = 𝟒 𝒄𝒎
12.11: A ray of light from air is incident on a liquid surface at an angle of incidence 35o Calculate the angle
of refraction if the refractive index of the liquid is 1.25. Also calculate the critical angle between the liquid
air inter-faces.
Data:
Angle of incidence = ∠i = 35o
Reflective index = n = 1.25
Required:
a) Angle of refraction = ∠r =?
b) Critical angle = ∠c =?
Solution: We know that we use Snell’s Law
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒊 b) For critical angle ∠r=90°& i=c
a) 𝒏 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒓
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒓
=𝒏
sin 𝑖 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒊
sin 𝑟 = 𝑛 n sin 𝑖 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑟

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sin 35 n sin 𝑖 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 90°

sin 𝑟 = 1.25
n sin 𝑖 = 1
0.57 1
sin 𝑟 = 1.25 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑖 = 𝑛
1
sin 𝑟 = 0.456 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶 = (1.25) (As, i=c)
1
∠𝑟 = sin−1 (0.456) ∠𝐶 = sin−1( 1.25 )
∠𝐶 = sin−1( 0.8)
∠𝒓 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟏𝟑° ∠𝑪 = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟏𝟑°
12.12: The power of a convex lens is 5D. At what distance the object should be placed from the lens so
that its real and 2 times larger image is formed.
Data:
Power of lens = P = 5D
Magnification = M = 2
Required:
Distance of object = p =?
Solution:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
a) 𝒑=𝒇 b) =𝒑+𝒒
𝒇
1 As q= 2p
𝑓=𝑝 1 1 1
= +
𝑓 𝑝 𝑞
1 1 1 1
𝑓=5 = 𝑝 + 2𝑝
0.2
1 2+1
𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟐 𝒄𝒎 =
0.2 2𝑝
1 3
= (Cross Multiplication)
0.2 2𝑝
2𝑝 = 3 × 0.2
0.6
p= 2
p= 𝟎. 𝟑 𝒎
p= 𝟎. 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒎
p= 𝟑𝟎 𝒄𝒎

***********************************************************

Prepared by:
Maher Muzamal Hussain
BSC (PU), M.IT

Prepared by: Maher Muzamal Hussain Maher Muzamal Hussain EC (MMH EC)