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    PHILOSOPHY 1st QUARTER REVIEWER

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    reysel mei
    This document provides an overview of key concepts in philosophy, including definitions of philosophy, metaphysics, objective and subjective perspectives, and different types of logical reasoning. It also summarizes important philosophers and their ideas, like Gautama Buddha stating that life involves suffering, Socrates claiming the unexamined life is not worth living, and Aristotle describing deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning. Additionally, it outlines Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of the id, ego, and superego, as well as different types of personality disorders.

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    PHILOSOPHY 1st QUARTER REVIEWER

    Uploaded by

    reysel mei
    34 views4 pages
    This document provides an overview of key concepts in philosophy, including definitions of philosophy, metaphysics, objective and subjective perspectives, and different types of logical reasoning. It also summarizes important philosophers and their ideas, like Gautama Buddha stating that life involves suffering, Socrates claiming the unexamined life is not worth living, and Aristotle describing deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning. Additionally, it outlines Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of the id, ego, and superego, as well as different types of personality disorders.

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    This document provides an overview of key concepts in philosophy, including definitions of philosophy, metaphysics, objective and subjective perspectives, and different types of logical reasoning. It also summarizes important philosophers and their ideas, like Gautama Buddha stating that life involves suffering, Socrates claiming the unexamined life is not worth living, and Aristotle describing deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning. Additionally, it outlines Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of the id, ego, and superego, as well as different types of personality disorders.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    34 views4 pages

    PHILOSOPHY 1st QUARTER REVIEWER

    Uploaded by

    reysel mei
    This document provides an overview of key concepts in philosophy, including definitions of philosophy, metaphysics, objective and subjective perspectives, and different types of logical reasoning. It also summarizes important philosophers and their ideas, like Gautama Buddha stating that life involves suffering, Socrates claiming the unexamined life is not worth living, and Aristotle describing deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning. Additionally, it outlines Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of the id, ego, and superego, as well as different types of personality disorders.

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    PHILOSOPHY (1ST QUARTER)

    PHILOSOPHY
    - the term "philosophy" means, "love of wisdom."
    - is an activity people undertake when they seek to understand fundamental truths about
    themselves, the world in which they live, and their relationships to the world and to each
    other.
    - “where am I?” “how do I know it?” “what should I do?”

    GAUTAMA BUDDHA
    - Preached or stated that, “Life is full of suffering”

    SOCRATES
    - claimed that the unexamined life is not worth living, for human beings. “Humans are
    bound to ask questions”

    METAPHYSICS
    - deals with the fundamental nature of what exists
    - Objective - refers to something that has a real existence in the world independent of being
    thought of. (has strong evidence to be proven)
    - Subjective - refers to anything that depends for its existence on consciousness. (own
    perception)

    LOGICAL REASONING (Aristotle)


    - thinking about something in a logical way

    1. Deductive Reasoning
    - Syllogisms
    - Existing theory → Formulate Hypothesis → Collect Data → Analyze Data → Deduct
    Hypothesis
    - Ex. "All spiders have eight legs. A tarantula is a spider. Therefore, tarantulas have eight
    legs."

    2. Inductive Reasoning
    - Non-verbal and number sequences
    - Simple, statistical, predictive
    - Ex. “Since 95% of the left-handers I’ve seen around the world use left-handed scissors,
    95% of left-handers around the world use left-handed scissors”

    3. Abductive Reasoning
    - Presents facts, no rebuttals anymore
    - Ex. “I saw an abandoned bowl of hot soup on the table, the owner will probably return soon”

    INTERSUBJECTIVITY
    - “inter” – among and between
    - “subject” – conscious being
    - Sharing of subjective states by two or more individual (Scheff 2006)
    - Empathy – putting yourself in the other person’s shoesA

    VALUE OF PHILOSOPHIZING
    - Truth in metaphysics and philosophy of language is the property of sentences, assertations,
    beliefs, thoughts, or propositions that are said, in ordinary discourse to agree with the facts ot
    to state what the case is.

    KNOWLEDGE
    - Clear awareness and understanding of something.

    FACTS
    - Propositions or statements which are observed to be real or truthful.

    CLAIM
    - Statement that is not evidently or immediately known to be true.

    FACT vs. OPINION


    - Facts can be proven
    - Opinions are views formed in the mind of a person

    SIGMUND FREUD
    - an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating
    and treating pathologies in the psyche through dialogue between a patient and a
    psychoanalyst.

    PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY (Sigmund Freud)

    1. Id (Instincts)
    - Made up of unconscious psychic energy that works to satisfy basic urges, needs, and
    desires.
    - Fixation

    2. Ego (Reality)
    - Experienced as the “self” or “I”

    3. Superego (Morality)
    - The ethical component of the personality and provides the moral standards.
    TYPES OF PERSONALITY

    1. Borderline Personality
    - Limitations
    - Gives what they receive

    2. Paranoid personality
    - No trust
    - always on guard, believing that others are constantly trying to demean, harm or threaten
    them

    3. Anti-social personality
    - Breaking rules often
    - typically manipulative, deceitful and reckless, and will not care for other people's feelings

    4. Histrionic personality
    - Attention-seeker
    - have an overwhelming desire to be noticed and often behave dramatically or
    inappropriately to get attention.

    5. Narcissistic personality
    - Loves oneself too much
    - have an inflated sense of their own importance, a deep need for excessive attention and
    admiration, troubled relationships, and a lack of empathy for others.
    - In Greek mythology, Narcissus was a hunter from Thespiae in Boeotia who was known for
    his beauty. According to Tzetzes, he rejected all romantic advances, eventually falling in love
    with his own reflection in a pool of water, staring at it for the remainder of his life.

    6. Avoidant personality
    - Afraid of rejection
    - tend to avoid social interaction due to the intense fear of being rejected by others

    7. Dependent personality
    - Excessive neediness
    - feel helpless, submissive or incapable of taking care of themselves

    8. Anankastic personality (obsessive-compulsive)


    - Excessive orderliness and perfection
    - preoccupation and insistence on details, rules, lists, order and organisation

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