GEOINFORMATICS
GEOINFORMATICS
GEOINFORMATICS
TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY
Master of Technology
Cluster : 01
Stream : Geoinformatics
Year : 2015
No. of Credits : 67
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
SEMESTER 1
End Semester
Examination Slot
Course Number
Examination
Internal Marks
Name L-T-P
Duration
Credits
(hours)
Marks
A 01MA6003 Applied Probability and Statistics 3-0-0 40 60 3 3
B 01CE6601 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 3-1-0 40 60 3 4
Introduction to Geographic Information
C 01CE6603 3-1-0 40 60 3 4
System
D 01CE6605 Applied Earth Systems 3-0-0 40 60 3 3
E Elective I 3-0-0 40 60 3 3
S 01CE6999 Research Methodology 0-2-0 100 2
T 01CE6691 Seminar I 0-0-2 100 2
U 01CE6693 Geoinformatics Lab I 0-0-2 100 1
TOTAL 15-4-4 500 300 - 22
Elective I
01CE6611 Data Acquisition in Geoinformatics
2
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
SEMESTER 2
End Semester
Examination Slot
Internal Marks
Name L-T-P
Duration
Credits
(hours)
Marks
A 01CE6602 Digital Image Processing 3-1-0 40 60 3 4
B 01CE6604 Advanced GIS 3-0-0 40 60 3 3
C 01CE6606 Geoinformatics in disaster analysis 3-0-0 40 60 3 3
D Elective II 3-0-0 40 60 3 3
E Elective III 3-0-0 40 60 3 3
V 01CE6692 Mini Project 0-0-4 100 2
U 01CE6694 Geoinformatics Lab II 0-0-2 100 1
TOTAL 15-1-6 400 300 - 19
Elective II
01CE6612 Applied Hydrology
01CE6614 Hydroinformatics
Elective III
3
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
SEMESTER 3
End Semester
Examination Slot
Internal Marks
Name L-T-P
Duration
Credits
(hours)
Marks
A Elective IV 3-0-0 40 60 3 3
B Elective V 3-0-0 40 60 3 3
Elective IV
01CE7611 Digital Photogrammetry
Elective V
01CE7617 Digital Terrain Modelling
01CE7619 Remote Sensing & GIS applications in Water Resources
Engineering
01CE7621 Introduction to Web mapping
4
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
SEMESTER 4
End Semester
Examination Slot
Course Number
Examination
Internal Marks
Name L-T-P
Duration
(hours)
Marks
Credit
W 01CE7694 Project (Phase 2) 0-0-23 70 30 12
TOTAL 0-0-23 70 30 - 12
5
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
SEMESTER - I
Syllabus and Course Plan
6
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Course Objectives
To equip the students with the basic concepts in probability distributions, statistical inference,
Correlation and regression analysis, design of experiments and time series
Syllabus
Expected Outcome
After successful completion of the course , students should make use of the statistical procedures
in the modelling of data in their field of study.
References
1. Gupta S.C. and Kapoor V.K, Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan Chand and Sons,
1978.
2. Benjamin Jack R. and ComellC.Allin, Probability Statistics and Decision for Civil Engineers, Mc-
Graw Hill, 1997
3. Richard A. Johnson, Miller and Freunds, Probability and Statistics for Engineers, Prentice Hall of
India, 2007
4. Dallas E Johnson, Applied multivariate methods for data analysis, Thomson &Duxbburg Press,
Singapore, 2002
5. Jay L. Devore, Probability and statistics for Engineering and Sciences, Thomson and Duxbburg
Press, Singapore, 2002
6. Richard A Johnson and Dean W. Wichern, Applied multivariate statistical analysis, Pearson
Education, 2002
7.Irwin Miller&Marylees Miller: Mathematical Statistics :Pearson Education Inc 2004
7
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
8
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Syllabus
Expected Outcome
Students will acquire capability for quantitative assessment from aerial photographs
Students will be in a position to understand various satellite images
The course will help to develop ability for image interpretation and feature identification
from satellite data
References
1. T.M. Lillesand and R.W. Kiefer, Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley and
Sons, 1979
2. F.F Sabins(Jr.), Remote Sensing : Principals and Interpretation, Freeman & Co., San
Francisco, 1978
3. R.N. Colwel (Ed.), Manual of Remote Sensing, Vol. I & II, American Society of
Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Falls Church, Va. (1983)
4. Moffit, Francis, Photogrammetry, 2ndEdn, International Textbook Co. Scranton, 1967
5. Paul, R.Wolf, Elements of Photogrammetry, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York 1974
6. Keith P.B., Thompson et. Al. (Ed.), Remote Sensing and Water Resources Management,
American Water Resources Association, Urbana Illinois, 1973.
7. Schowengerdt, R. A.,Remote sensing, Models and Methods for image processing, Academic
Press (2009)
8. Joseph, G., Fundamentals of Remote Sensing, Universities Press (2003)
9. Kennie, T.J.M. and Matthews, M.C., Remote Sensing in Civil Engineering, Surrey University
Press (1985)
9
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Examination
of Marks
Semester
%Allotted
Module
in End-
Hours
Contents
10
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Syllabus
Introduction To GIS: Geographical concepts, component of GIS, Types of Geo spatial data,
Coordinate systems, map projections, Raster and vector data models, geo relational data model,
object oriented geospatial data representation, data models for composite features
Data input and editing: methods of data input, geometric transformation methods, affine
transformation, RMS error, spatial data editing, Attribute data and measurement, geospatial data
quality, data standards
Data exploration and analysis, Vector data analysis, raster data analysis, buffering, view shed
analysis, operations on regions, map algebra concepts. Data visualization, map design, map
production.
Expected Outcome
References
1. Burrough P.P &McDonnel, R.A. Principles of GIS, Oxford University press, 1988
2. Chang.K, Introduction to Geographical information system, Tata Mc-Graw- Hill,2008
3. Panigrahi,N, Geographical information science, University Press,2008
4. Davis,B.E,GIS: a visual approach onward press 2001
5. Lo,C.P&Yeung,K.W, Concepts in techniques in Geographical information system, Second
Edition Pierson Prentice Hall,2007
6. M AnjiReddy, remote sensing and Geographical information systemB.S Publications
Hyderabad.
7. Heywood L Cornelius, S, Carver,S, &Raju S. An introduction to Geographical information
system, Pearson Education,2007
11
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Examination
% of Marks
Semester
Allotted
Module
in End-
Hours
Contents
12
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
13
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Year of
Course No. Course Name L-T-P Credits
Introduction
Applied Earth
01CE6605 3-0-0 3 2015
Systems
Course Objectives
Syllabus
Basic ideas of earth systems. Fundamental concepts of geomorphology, Weathering , soil profile,
global soil taxonomic orders, soil erosion and conservation methods.
Fluvial processes, fluvial landforms and their origin, Stages of stream development; Drainage
patterns and morphometric analysis. Groundwater, distribution, landforms formed by groundwater
action.
Deserts. Glaciers. Erosional and depositional landforms by glacial action, Causes of ice ages. Plate
Tectonics, plates and plate boundaries, Tectonic landforms, plate tectonics and its relation to
earthquakes. Lineaments. Mass Wasting
Basics of oceanography, types of coast, mud banks. Outlines of ocean floor topography,
classification of marine environments, marine sediments, coral reefs, Basic ideas about primary
productivity.
Basics of atmosphere and atmospheric processes,Heat budget and radiation balance, factors affecting
solar radiation. Fundamental concepts of precipitation, clouds. Storms– tropical Cyclones, anti-
cyclones Greenhouse effect and global warming, climate variability
References
1. Critchfield H. J.General Climatology Prentice Hall, New Delhi, 1983
2. Fetter C. W.Applied Hydrogeology CBS New Delhi, 1990
3. Carlson, DH, Plummer, CC and McGreary, D Physical geology: Earth Revealed McGraw Hill New
York, 2006
4. Pinet PR Oceanography – An Introduction to the Planet Oceanus, West Publishing Co, 1992
5. Ritter, DF, Kochel, RC and Miller, JR. Process GeomorphologyWm.C. Brown Publishers New York,
1995
6. Soman K Geology of Kerala Geological Society of India, Bangalore , 2001
14
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
15
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Course Objectives
To study about the modern survey equipments and their use in precision surveying.
The ability to apply different data acquisition methods such as Total Station survey,
GPS etc. for field problems
Syllabus
Expected Outcome
References
Hoffman-Wellenhof B, H.Lichtenegger, J. Collins, GPS theory and Practice,
Springer, 2000
2. Wells D.E., Guide to GPS Positioning, Canadian GPS Association, 1988
3. Anderle R., The Global Positioning System, Royal Society of London, U.K., 1995
4. Kennedy M, Global Positioning System and GIS: Introduction, Ann Arbor Press,
1996
5. Sickle J.V., GPS for Land Surveyors, Ann Arbor Press, Chelsea, 1996
6. SatheeshGopi, R. Sathikumar, N Madhu, Advanced surveying Total Station, GIS
and Remote sensing, Pearson Education, 2007
16
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
17
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Course Objectives
To study about the working principle of GPS and other satellite positioning systems.
The ability to process the data obtained by satellite positioning and Navigation systems.
Syllabus
Introduction; Geodetic aspects, Polar motion, Tectonic plate motion, Solid earth tides, Ocean
loading, Conventional celestial reference system, The 3D geodetic model, Satellite systems; Motion
of satellites, Kepler elements, Normal orbital theory, Satellite visibility and topocentric motion,
Global Positioning System
Statistics in Least-Square adjustment, Pseudo range and carrier phase observables, Differencing,
Initial evaluation, Satellite clock corrections, Satellite code offsets, Toposphere and ionosphere;
overview, The radiative transfer equations, Absorption line profiles, General statistical retrieval,
Caliberation of WVR, Ionospheric refraction, Ionospheric solutions, Single frequencies and the
broadcast ionospheric models, Generelizing the Dual frequency phase function, Global ionospheric
Processing pseudoranges and carrier phases; The IGS and its products, Multipath, Geometric free
solutions, Closed solution, Precise point positioning, Real-Time point positioning, Double
difference float and triple difference solution, Independent baselines, Ambiguity functions,
Initialization on the ground, GLONASS carrier phase processing, Relative positioning within
CORS, Ambiguity fixing; LAMBDA, Discernibility, Real-time relative positioning; Carrier phase
and pseudorange corrections,
Expected Outcome
Understanding about the various global satellite positioning and navigation systems
Ability to carry out survey works using GPS and other satellite positioning services.
References
1. Alfred Leick, GPS Satellite Surveying, John Wiley & sons, Inc, 2004
2. Rao, Global Navigation Satellite Systems with essentials of satellite communication, Tata
McGraw-Hill Education, 2010
3. BasudebBhatta, Global Navigation Satellite Systems: Insights into GPS, GLONASS, Galileo,
Compass, and Others
18
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
19
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
20
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Course Objectives
To expose the students on various aspects of map making and its importance. It also aims to
provide information on Mechanics of map making.
Syllabus
Compiling maps from other maps, Map Design and layout, Cartographic restrictions, Technical
restrictions, Resource restriction, Symbolization, Format of a map, Lettering and toponomy,
Mechanics of map construction
Mapping the terrain- Methods of representation, Tanaka Kitiro’s method, Morphographic type
maps, Terrain type maps, Field sketching, Block diagrams, Mechanical methods of making block
diagrams, Transformation formulae, Terrain representation and map functions
Thematic mapping, Complex thematic map, Problems in thematic mapping, Data and their
representation, Compilation of data, Design of maps, Reproduction of maps, Inter-disciplinary
coordination, International Cooperation
Expected Outcome
Enhance the capacity of students in the production of maps from available resources like
field survey data and satellite images.
References
1. Misra, R.P, Ramesh, A, Fundamentals of cartography, Concept publishing company, New
Delhi, 2002
2. Arthur H. Robinson, Joel L. Morrison Phillip C. Muehrcke , A.JonKimerling ,Stephen C.
Guptill, Elements of Cartography, Wiley India Pvt Ltd; Sixth edition, 2009
3. Menno-Jan Kraak, FerjanOrmeling, Cartography, Third Edition: Visualization of Spatial
Data, The Guilford Press
21
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Lettering and toponomy= Style, size and Form of lettering, Colour and
background, positioning, Mechanics of lettering, Freehand lettering,
Stick up lettering, Mechanical lettering, Geographical names. Mechanics
IV 15
of map construction- Drawing materials and surfaces, Ink, Tints and 7
patterns, Pencils, Drawing equipments, Pens, Compasses and dividers,
Drawing and original
22
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
23
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Course Objectives
1. To prepare the student to do the M. Tech project work with a research bias.
2. To formulate a viable research question.
3. To develop skill in the critical analysis of research articles and reports.
4. To analyze the benefits and drawbacks of different methodologies.
5. To understand how to write a technical paper based on research findings.
Syllabus
Approach
Course focuses on students' application of the course content to their unique research interests. The
various topics will be addressed through hands on sessions.
Expected Outcome
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to
1. Understand research concepts in terms of identifying the research problem
2. Propose possible solutions based on research
3. Write a technical paper based on the findings.
4. Get a good exposure to a domain of interest.
5. Get a good domain and experience to pursue future research activities.
References
1. C. R. Kothari, Research Methodology, New Age International, 2004
2. Panneerselvam, Research Methodology, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2012.
3. J. W. Bames, Statistical Analysis for Engineers and Scientists, Tata McGraw-Hill, New York.
4. Donald Cooper, Business Research Methods, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
5. Leedy P. D., Practical Research: Planning and Design, McMillan Publishing Co.
6. Day R. A., How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper, Cambridge University Press, 1989.
7. Manna, Chakraborti, Values and Ethics in Business Profession, Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi, 2012.
8. Sople, Managing Intellectual Property: The Strategic Imperative, Prentice Hall ofIndia, New
Delhi, 2012.
24
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
25
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Course Objectives
To make students
1. Identify the current topics in the specific stream.
2. Collect the recent publications related to the identified topics.
3. Do a detailed study of a selected topic based on current journals, published papers
and books.
4. Present a seminar on the selected topic on which a detailed study has been done.
5. Improve the writing and presentation skills.
Approach
Students shall make a presentation for 20-25 minutes based on the detailed study of
the topic and submit a report based on the study.
Expected Outcome
26
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Exercise problems
SOI Toposheets: Map reading, Watershed delineation
Satellite Images: Introduction to Remote Sensing data products
Photogrammetry: Stereoscopy- practice and stereo model
Relief displacement and elevation
Orientation of stereo photographs
Parallax bar- practice and measurements
Heights from parallax measurements
GIS: Georeferencing
Digitization
Adding attribute data
Data output and sMap Preparation
Introduction to open source GIS software packages
Remote Sensing: Reading and displaying satellite data
Data Import/Export
Georeferencing
Generation of False Colour Composite (FCC)
Extracting area of interest (AOI)
Generating Histogram of various bands
Expected Outcome
The ability to understand maps and remote sensing data products
The ability to apply Remote Sensing and GIS concepts to practice
References
1. American Society of Photogrammetry, (1983). Manual of Remote Sensing, (2nd edition), ASP,
Falls Church, Virginia
2. Lillisand.T.M, and Kiefer, P.W., (1998). Remote Sensing And Image Interpretation,
John Wiley & Sons, New York.
3. Moffit, H.F., and Edward, M.M., (1980). Photogrammetry, Harperand Row
Publishers, New York.
4. Wolf.P.R.,(1974).Elements of Photogrammetry, McGraw Hill books Co., London.
5. NRSC Landuse Land cover manual
27
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Hours
Expt. No. Title
Allotted
1 Study of SOI Toposheets and Map reading 2
2 Watershed delineation from SOI Toposheets 4
3 Photogrammetry:Stereoscopy- practice and stereo model 2
4 Photogrammetry:Relief displacement and elevation 2
5 Photogrammetry: Parallax bar- practice and measurements 2
6 Photogrammetry:Heights from parallax measurements 2
7 GIS: Georeferencing 2
8 GIS:Digitization 2
9 GIS:Adding attribute data 2
10 GIS: Data output and Map Preparation 2
11 RS Image: Data Import/Export 1
12 RS Image: Georeferencing 2
13 RS Image: Generation of False Colour Composite (FCC) 1
14 RS Image: Extracting area of interest (AOI) 1
15 RS Image: Generating Histogram of various bands 1
28
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
SEMESTER - II
Syllabus and Course Plan
29
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Course Objectives
Introduce the concept of digital image acquisition, processing, display and analysis
Develop an idea regarding the suitability of different satellite images for various
applications
Develop an understanding of potential applications of remotely sensed data, tools and
techniques for natural resource management
Syllabus
Satellite Images: Data storage and formats, Data products; Image rectification and restoration;
Image statistics, Histograms, and Scatter plots.
Image enhancement, Contrast enhancement; Spatial feature enhancement, Edge enhancement,
Texture enhancement; Multi image manipulation, Image resolution pyramids, Frequency
transformation.
Image Classification: Supervised and Unsupervised classification; Sub-pixel classification, ANN
and Fuzzy approaches in image classification; Post classification smoothing; Evaluation of
accuracy; Change detection; Data compression techniques; Data scaling.
Expected Outcome
References
1. Robert A. Schowengerdt, Remote Sensing: Materials and Methods for Image processing,
Academic Press: Elsevier, 2007
2. Duda R. O. and Hart P.E., Pattern Classification and Scene Analysis, John Wiley and Sons,
N.Y., 1973.
3. Tou J. T. and Gonzalez R. C., Pattern Recognition Principles, Addison Wesly, 1974.
4. Swain P. H. and Davis S. M. (Ed.), Remote Sensing : The Quantitative Approach, McGraw-
Hill Book Co., N., 1978.
5. Lillesand T. M. and Kiefer R. W., Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley and
Sons, 1979
6. F.F Sabins(Jr.), Remote Sensing : Principles and Interpretation, Freeman & Co., San
Francisco, 1978
7. Jensen R., Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective, Upper
Saddle River, Prentice- Hall, 1996.
8. Mather M., Computer Processing of Remotely Sensed Images : An Introduction, New York,
John Wiley and Sons., 1988
30
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
31
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Course Objectives
Syllabus
Spatial interpolation, methods, density estimation, inverse distance weighting, splines , Optimal
interpolation using geostatistics- kriging.
Terrain mapping and analysis: Digital Elevation models Terrain mapping-contouring, vertical
profiling, hill shading, slope and aspect-computing algorithms for raster and TIN, surface curvature.
GIS modelling: design, cartographic modelling, project management, implementation problem, GIS
applications. Web mapping with open source tool kits.
Introduction to digital mapping - Map Server - Geospatial Data Abstraction Library - Open source
tool kits. GIS customisation programming.
Expected Outcome
References
1. Burrough P.P. &McDonnel, R.A. Principles of GIS, Oxford University Press, 1998
2. Chang, K, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008
3. Panigrahi,N, Geographical Information Science, University Press, 2008
4. Davis, B. E., GIS: A visual approach, Onword Press, 2001
5. Lo, C. P. And Yeung K.W., Concepts and Techniques in Geographic Information
Systems, Second Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007
6. M Anji Reddy, Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems, B S
Publications, Hyderabad, 2001
7. Heywood, I., Cornelius, S., Carver, S., and Raju, S. An Introduction to
Geographic Information Systems, Pearson Education, 2007
8. Li, S., Dragicevic, S., and Veenendaal, B., Advances in web-based GIS, mapping
services and applications, CRC Press, 2011
9. Yang, C., Advanced geo information Science, CRC Press, 2011
32
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
33
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
34
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
To teach about the various principles involved and also the various mitigation to be
adopted during the disasters.
To illustrate the usage of remote sensing sensors, data and geographical information
system in disaster preparedness and evaluation.
Syllabus
Fundamental concepts of hazards and disasters: The interaction of Disasters, Earth system and
Human System, Resilience; Types of Natural and Anthropogenic Disasters I; Classification of
Disasters and nature of Impacts.
Types of Natural and Anthropogenic Disasters II; Disaster management cycle, concepts of disaster
preparedness and mitigation, hazard and disaster management plans for various disasters.
Disaster Risk Reduction and developmental efforts.
Utility of Remote sensing and communication systems in disaster management; Remote sensing in
Hazard evaluation – Zonation – Risk assessment –Damage assessment -Warning system – Post
disaster review Utility of GIS, GPS and Communication systems in mapping, modelling and
simulation of hazards and preparation of Zonation maps, Search and rescue.
Expected Outcome
1. Bell, F.G., ―Geological Hazards: Their assessment, avoidance and mitigation‖, E & FN
SPON Routledge, London. 1999
2. David Alexander, ―Natural Disasters‖, Research Press, New Delhi, 1993
3. Nick Carter. W., ―Disaster Management - A Disaster Manager's Handbook‖. Asian
Development Bank, Philippines. 1991
4. ―Mitigating Natural Disasters, Phenomena, Effects and options‖, A Manual for policy
makers and planners, United Nations. New York, 1991
5. Andrew, S., ―Environmental Modeling with GIS and Remote Sensing‖, John Willey and
sons, 2002
6. Ariyabandu, M. and Sahni P. (Eds), ―Disaster Risk Reduction in South Asia‖, Prentice-Hall
(India), 2003.
7. Bossler, J.D., ―Manual of Geospatial Science and Technology‖, Taylor and Francis, London,
2001
8. Matthews, J.A., ―Natural hazards and Environmental Change‖, Bill McGuire, Ian Mason,
2002
35
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Examinati
Semester
Marks in
Allotted
Module
Hours
End-
% of
Contents
on
Fundamental concepts of hazards and disasters: The interaction
between Disasters, Earth system and Human System.
I 15
7
rescue.
36
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
1. Warren Viesmann Jr. and Gary L Lewis, Introduction to Hydrology, Prentice Hall,2002
2. Chow.V.T. &Maidment R D, Handbook of Applied Hydrology, Mc Graw HillEducation 1988
3. Subramanya.K, Engineering Hydrology, Mc Graw Hill Education, 1984
4. Reghunath.H.M., Hydrology, New Age International (P) Limited, Publishers, 1987
5. Linsley .R.K, Kohler.M.A&Palhus.J.L, Applied Hydrology, Mc Graw Hill, 1949
6. JayaramiReddy.P, A text book of Hydrology, Laxmi publications, 2005
7. Ghanshyam Das, Hydrology and soil conservation Engineering, Prentice-hall of India,
NewDelhi, 2004
37
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
38
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Course Objectives
Syllabus
Hydrologic Data Models: geodata model, Arc Hydro data model. UML ModelshedGeodata model,
modelshed links, Dynamic model shed links, Dynamic modelshed, File format in data models-
Programming model application programming interfaces
Integration of Hydrologic and GIS models ,Embedding types, .Statistical data mining methods,
multivariable linear regression, Non-linear regression, tree based methods classification Trees
neighbourhood unsupervised learning Genetic Algorithms, Simple genetic algorithm, formulation
concepts for unconstrained problems, Constraint Handling- application
Artificial Neural networks, Back propagation neural networks, RBF networks, Recurrent networks-
Pruning techniques- application in hydro informatics. Fuzzy Logic- Fuzzy set- Fuzziness Vs
randomness, Fuzzy relation- max-min, max product composition – fuzzy reasoning – fuzzy logic
model formulation – types,
Hydro informatics application
Expected Outcome
39
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Examinati
Semester
Marks in
Allotted
Module
Hours
End-
% of
Contents
on
Spatial hydrologic Data Models: Data models - geodata model -
structure of Geodatabase - Arc Hydro data model. UML-frame
I 15
work, relationships, diagrams, object model diagrams- use in 7
modeling applications.
40
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Thermal remote sensing: Radiation principles; Interpretation of thermal images; Estimation of land
surface temperature from thermal images; Applications of thermal remote sensing data
Microwave remote sensing - active and passive systems and their applications; Imaging systems -
Real Aperture radar (RAR), Synthetic Aperture radar (SAR), Microwave radiometer, Microwave
Scatterometer, and Microwave altimeter.
SAR imagery – characteristics, interpretation and their applications; SAR interferometry,
differential SAR interferometry and their uses; Polarimetry in radar remote sensing and their
applications
Expected Outcome
Students will develop knowledge about the various thermal and microwave sensors
operating in space
Ability to apply thermal infrared models for various applications in the field of civil
engineering
Ability to use microwave data for the analysis of various problems in land and water
References
1. Henderson, F.M. and Anthony, J.L., Principles and Applications of Imaging Radar,
Manual of Remote Sensing, Vol. 2, John Wiley and Sons , 1998
2. Manual of Remote Sensing, Volumes 1 to 5, American Society of Photogrammetry
and Remote Sensing, 2003
3. Schowengerdt, R.A., Remote Sensing Models and Methods in Image Processing,
Academic Press, 2006
4. Ulaby,F.T.,Moore,K.R. and Fung, Microwave remote sensing vol-1,vol-2 and vol-
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,London,1986.
5. Philippe Lacomme,JeanclandeMarchais,Jean-Philippe Hardarge and Eric Normant, Air
and space borne radar systems-An introduction, Elsevier publications 2001.
6. Roger J Sullivan, Knovel, Radar foundations for Imaging and Advanced Concepts,
SciTech Pub, 2004.
7. Woodhouse, I.H., Introduction to microwave remote sensing, Taylor and Francis,
London, 2006.
8. Curlander J.C., and R.N. Mcdonough, Synthetic Aperture Radar, Systems And Signal
Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geoinformatics
41
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Examination
% of Marks
Semester
Allotted
Module
in End-
Hours
Contents
42
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
43
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Course Objectives
Syllabus
Remote sensing of the sea: The general principles of remote sensing of the sea,
Oceanographic sampling. The main types of sensors for ocean monitoring
Oceanographic Applications: Infrared Measurement of Sea Surface Temperature, Infrared
radiometry, Interpretation of sea surface temperature. AVHRR, MSCSST algorithm, GEOS,
Radar altimeters, TOPEX/Poseidon satellite, Sea
Surface Height, Sea Surface Roughness, Microwave scatterometer, Synthetic Aperture Radar
Ocean Color: satellite measurements of ocean color, Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS),
SeaWiFS, MODIS, ocean color dynamics in different ocean regions.
Estimation of phytoplankton biomass, Estimation of chlorophyll fluorescence,
Global phytoplankton biomass and primary production
Expected Outcome
Students will obtain the basics of physical, chemical, and biological oceanography
Gain information about the main systems observing ocean from space
Develop some practical skills on using satellite data for the analysis of ocean
ecosystem dynamics.
References
1. Garrison, T., Oceanography: An Invitation to Marine Science 5th ed. Brooks., 2007
2. Gross, M. G., Principles of Oceanography‖, Prentice-Hall, 7th ed. 1995 .
3. Martin, S., An Introduction to Ocean Remote Sensing, Cambridge University Press,
2004.
4. Robinson, I., Measuring the oceans from space: the principles and methods of satellite
oceanography, Springer, Berlin, 2004.
5. Robinson, I., Understanding Oceans from Space: The unique applications of Satellite
Oceanography, Springer, Berlin,2004
6. Fu, L.L., Cazenave, A. Satellite altimetry and earth sciences. Academic Press, 2001
44
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
45
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Course Objectives
Syllabus
Spatial and Non spatial data for land use and transportation, Data Collection, Concept of PCU,
Types of manoeuvres and conflict points. Demand Estimation, Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) and
screen lines, Four Stage Planning Process (Brief description only), Network representation of a
transportation System, GIS in Transport Planning, GIS-T applications
Intelligent Transport System, Components, Architecture, Applications, Travel time analysis
using GPS-GIS integration, Automated Highway Systems
Expected Outcome
Students will acquire a basic understanding of how GIS processes can be used for
efficient transportation modeling and analysis.
Students will understand various applications of GIS in Transportation (GIS-T)
including Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)
References
1. Hensher D. A., Button K. J., Haynes K. E., and Stopher P. R. (Eds.), Handbook of
Transport Geography and Spatial Systems‖, Elsevier,2004.
2. Thill Jean-Claude, Geographical Information Systems in Transportation Research,
Pergamon, 2000.
3. Longley P. A., Barnsley M. J., Donnay Jean-Paul, Remote Sensing and Urban Analysis,
Taylor & Francis, 2001.
4. Caliper Corporation, Travel Demand Modelling with TransCAD, 2009.
5. Hutchinson, B. G., Principles of Urban Transportation Planning, Mc Graw Hill, 1979
6. Kadiyali, L.R.Traffic Engineering and Transportation Planning, Khanna Publishers
46
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Spatial and Non spatial data for land use and transportation, Sampling
in traffic studies, sample size; Data collection techniques- Spot speed,
I Speed and delay, Volume, Origin Destination and Parking, Concept of 15
7
PCU, Capacity and level of service, Types of manoeuvres and conflict
points
47
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
To equip the students for the effective planning and design of urban systems by
using spatial modeling
Syllabus
Urban morphology - Determinants of urban form and structure Introduction to theories of urban
design public and private domains, suburbs and periphery- Privacy, Territoriality and Proxmic
theory, Defensible spaces -landscape Urbanism. Introduction to urban geography
Concepts and theories of planning and their applications as master plans, development plans,etc.
planning process, overview of legal framework and statutory aspects of planning
The concept of Sustainable Planning and its relevance -Nature as the primary layer – urban
development as the secondary layer, the garden city–Design of Eco friendly neighborhoods- Role of
EIA in the planning process. Assessment of impacts on resources and land use. - Assessment of
social and health impact.
Expected Outcome
To understand the concepts used for urban mapping including transportation planning.
To inculcate the preparation of maps for different spatial analysis carried for urban
planning and transportation planning with the aid of remote sensing and GIS
References
1. Tony Kendle and Stephen Forbes, Urban Conservation – Landscape Management in Urban
country Side , E & FN SPON, London, 1997.
2. The Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution Report – Transport and Environment,
Oxford University Press, 1995.
3. Rob Gray , Accounting for the Environment, Chartered Association of Certified
Accountants, 1003.
4. Richard Kelly, Stuart Barr, Spatial modeling of Terrestrial Environment, John Wiley, 2004
5. Barnsley M. J., Donnay J. P., Remote Sensing and Urban Analysis, Taylor and Francis,2000
6. Stewart F. Michael W., Spatial Models and GIS: New Potential and New Models, Taylor and
Francis, 1999
7. Manual on Urban Spatial Planning, NRSC, 2006
8. Curlander J.C., and R.N. Mcdonough, Synthetic Aperture Radar, Systems And Signal
Processing, John Wiley Sons Inc., New York, 1991
9. Elachi C, and F.T. Ulaby, Radar Polarimetry for Geoscience Applications, Artech House,
Norwood, MA, 1990.
10. Mott, H., Remote sensing with polarimetric radar, John Wiley and Sons, New York,
2007.
11. Lee, J.S. and Pottier, E., Polarimetric Radar Imaging: From Basics to Applications,
CRC Press, London, 2009
Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geoinformatics
48
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
49
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Course Objectives
To make students
Approach
The student shall present two seminars and submit a report. The first seminar shall
highlight the topic, objectives, methodology, design and expected results. The
second seminar is the presentation of the work / hardware implementation.
Expected Outcome
Upon successful completion of the mini project, the student should be able to
1. Identify and solve various problems associated with designing and implementing a
system or application.
2. Test the designed system or application.
50
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Course Objectives
Syllabus
Expected Outcome
References
1 American Society of Photogrammetry, (1983). Manual of Remote Sensing, (2nd
edition), ASP, Falls Church, Virginia
2. Lillisand.T.M, and Kiefer, P.W., (1998). Remote Sensing And Image Interpretation,
John Wiley & Sons, New York.
3. Burrough and McDonnel, Principles of Geographical Information System, Oxford University Press,
1998
4. Robert A.Schowengerdt, Remote Sensing: Materials and Methods for Image processing, Academic
Press: Elsevier, 2007
5. NRSC Landuse Land cover manual
51
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Hours
Expt No. Title
Alloted
1 RS Images :Radiometric corrections 2
2 RS Images: Merging and Segmentation 1
3 RS Images: Noise Removal 1
4 RS Images: Contrast Manipulation 1
5 RS Images: Edge Enhancement 1
6 RS Images: Spatial Filtering 2
7 RS Images: spectral ratios 2
8 RS Images: principal component analysis 1
9 RS Images: Unsupervised classification 1
10 RS Images: Supervised classification 2
11 Accuracy assessment, Map composition 2
12 GIS: Raster analysis-Arithmetic overlaying and logical overlaying 2
13 GIS: Vector analysis - buffering, overlay and network analysis 4
14 GIS: DEM and TIN Analysis - Slope and Aspect, Hill shade, 4
Viewshead, and Drainage network
15 GIS: Customization and scripting 2
52
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
SEMESTER - III
Syllabus and Course Plan
53
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Course Objectives
Expected Outcome
Will help the student to develop a basic understanding of the remote sensing systems used
for 2D and 3D mapping
Students will learn the basic operations in digital photogrammetry such as image
orientation, image matching, and object extraction
Students will get knowledge about the basic methods and procedures of planimetric and
topographic map generation from digital stereo data
References
1. Cliff Greve , ―Digital Photogrammetry – An addendum to the Manual of
Phototgrammetry‖, ASPRS, 1996
2. Paul, R. Wolf, ―Elements of Photogrammetry‖, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York,
1974.
3. Arthur H. Robinson et.al, ―Elements of Cartography‖, John Wiley & Sons, inc. 1995.
4. Quihe H. Yang, ―Map Projection Transformation‖, Taylor and Francis, London, 2000.
5. Wilfried Linder,‖ Digital Photogrammetry: A Practical Course‖, Springer; 2006.
6. Ghosh, Sanjiv K., ―Fundamentals of Computational Photogrammetry‖, Concept
publishing, New Delhi, 2005.
7. Zhilin Li, Qing Zhu, Chris Gold, ―Digital Terrain Modeling: Principles and
Methodolgy‖, CRC; third edition, 2004.
8. John A. Richards, XiupingJia, ―Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis: An
Introduction‖, Springer; 4th ed. edition 2005.
54
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
55
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Course Objectives
To familiarize the techniques that help to deal with the high dimensional nature of the data,
and also to integrate the spatial and spectral information
Syllabus
Image classification using ANN and Fuzzy approaches. Classification accuracy assessment
Spatial Transformation Techniques; Texture analysis – first order, second order texture parameters;
Morphological methods for satellite image analysis; Digital image segmentation concepts; Wavelet
transform and its application in RS image analysis
Expected Outcome
Students will be familiar with the new trends in algorithm design such as the joint use of
spatial and spectral information
Will help the students to deal with the increasing sophistication in the rapidly maturing
field digital image processing
References
1. P.M. Mather, Computer Processing of Remotely Sensed Images, Wiley, 2004
2. Brandt Tso and P.M. Mather, Classification Methods for Remotely Sensed Data, Taylor and
Francis, 2001
3. Kenneth R. Castleman, Digital Image Processing, Prentice-Hall, 1997
4. Manual Of Remote Sensing, American Society Of Photogrammetry And Remote Sensing,
1999
5. Artificial Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation, Longman, 2 nd Edition, 1999
6. Cheng, Chein I., Hyperspectral Imaging: Techniques for Spectral Detection and
Classification, Kluwer Acedmic., 2003
7. Varshney, P.K. and Arora, Manoj K., Advanced Image Processing Techniques for
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data, Springer-Verlag., 2004
56
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
57
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
To understand the various remote sensing and GIS technological applications in the
field of Environmental Engineering.
To understand the various satellites and data products that can act as aid in
environmental modeling problems
Syllabus
Introduction, Environmental satellites , Monitoring land, water, atmosphere and ocean using
Remote Sensing Data,. Taxonomical classification of soils, erosion studies, Applications ofGIS in
assessing soil salinity, erosion productivity etc.
Water Quality and Ground Water Pollution : Data base creation and quality modeling using GIS,
water supply network, sewerage network, Aquifer Vulnerability, DRASTIC, SINTACS MODELS
MODFLOW, MT3D, contaminant transport model
Air Quality Modelling : Atmosphere: Chemicals, Particulate matters,Remote Sensing technique to
monitor atmosphere constituents, modeling using GIS. Environmental Management : Revenue
management-environment and ecological concerns- Resource development in remote areas-
Impacts of anthropogenic activity- Solid Waste management- Carbon footprints and sinks, carbon
credits and marketing, Indian and international status
Expected Outcome
Capability to make use of remote sensing and GIS data products for analyzing
problems in environmental engineering
Understand the concepts of incorporating spatial data in modeling of soil, water and
air quality studies.
References
1. Ian L. Pepper, Charles P.Gerbaand Mark L.Brusseau, Environmental and pollution
2. Savigny.D De and Wijeyaratne .P GIS for Health and Environment, Stylus publication,
3. RegerD.Griffin, Air Quality Assessment and Management, Taylor and Francis, 2nd ed, 2006
4. Donald L. Wise, Remediation for Hazardous waste contaminated soils, CRC Press, 1994
5. George Tchobanoglous, Hilary Theisen, Samuel A. Vigil Integrated Solid Waste
Management : Engineering Principles and Management Issues, Mc Graw Hill, 1993
6. Michele Campagna, GIS for sustainable development, CRC Press, 2005.
58
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
59
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Course Objectives
Syllabus
Expected Outcome
References
1. Li, Z., Zhu, Q., and Gold, C., Digital Terrain Modelling Principles and Methodology,
CRC Press, 2005
2. Robert J. Peckham, R. J. &Gyozo Jordan, Digital Terrain Modelling, Development
and Applications in a Policy Support Environment, Springer, 2007
3. Naser El-Sheimy, CaterinaValeo, Digital Terrain Modeling: Acquisition,
Manipulation And Applications, 2005.
4. John P. Wilson & John C. Gallant, Terrain Analysis : Principles and Applications .
Wiley, New York, 2000.
60
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
61
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Course Objectives
Expose the students with the applications of RS and GIS in water resources
Engineering
Syllabus
Expected Outcome
The ability to understand various data required for water resources projects
The ability to apply the various remote sensing products in water resources related
Activities
References
1. VenTe Chow, Hand book of Applied Hydrology, Mc-Graw Hill, New York, 1964
2. Keith P. B., Thompson et al.(Ed.), Remote sensing and water resources management,
American water rsources association, Urbana Illinois, 1973
3. Colwel R. N. (Ed.), Manual of remote sensing, vol. I and II, American society of
photogrammetry and Remote sensing, Falls Church, Va., 1983
62
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
63
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Course Objectives
Syllabus
Introduction to digital mapping, Different kinds of Web mapping; Converting and viewing maps;
Raster and vector, Open EV, Map Server, Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL), OGR
Simple feature library, Post GIS
Acquiring map data, Analysing map data, Examining the data content, Converting map data;
Visualizing mapping data, Visualization and mapping programs; Planning your map,
Preprocessing data examples, Creating static maps; Map Server utilities,
Publishing interactive maps on the web; Accessing maps through web services; Using Map Server
with web services; Managing a spatial database; Introducing Post GIS, Spatial database,
Downloading Post GIS, Custom programming with Map Server’s Map Script; Introducing Map
Script, Getting Map Script, Map Script objects, Map Script Examples,
Expected Outcome
References
1. Tyler Mitchell, Web Mapping Illustrated: Using Open Source GIS Toolkits, O’Reilly Media,
Inc,2005
2. Li, S., Dragicevic, S., and Veenendaal, B., Advances in web-based GIS, mapping
3. Services and applications, CRC Press, 2011
4. Yang, C., Advanced geo information Science, CRC Press, 2011.
64
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
65
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
66
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Course Objectives
To make students
1. Identify the current topics in the specific stream.
2. Collect the recent publications related to the identified topics.
3. Do a detailed study of a selected topic based on current journals, published papers
and books.
4. Present a seminar on the selected topic on which a detailed study has been done.
5. Improve the writing and presentation skills.
Approach
Students shall make a presentation for 20-25 minutes based on the detailed study of
the topic and submit a report based on the study.
Expected Outcome
67
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Course Objectives
To make students
The student has to present two seminars and submit an interim Project report. The
first seminar would highlight the topic, objectives, methodology and expected
results. The first seminar shall be conducted in the first half of this semester. The
second seminar is the presentation of the interim project report of the work
completed and scope of the work which has to be accomplished in the fourth
semester.
Expected Outcome
Upon successful completion of the project phase 1, the student should be able to
1. Identify the topic, objectives and methodology to carry out the project.
2. Finalize the project plan for their course project.
68
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
SEMESTER - IV
Syllabus and Course Plan
69
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
Course Objectives
Approach
There shall be two seminars (a mid term evaluation on the progress of the work and
pre submission seminar to assess the quality and quantum of the work). At least one
technical paper has to be prepared for possible publication in journals / conferences
based on their project work.
Expected Outcome
Upon successful completion of the project phase II, the student should be able to
1. Get a good exposure to a domain of interest.
2. Get a good domain and experience to pursue future research activities.
70