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    ACN Research Paper

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    Renganathan ramesh
    This paper discusses security issues in TCP/IP protocols and potential defenses. The TCP/IP architecture has 4 layers - application, transport, network, and data link layers. The transport layer provides communication between hosts using protocols like TCP and UDP. TCP establishes reliable connections through a three-way handshake and uses sequence numbers and acknowledgments for reliable data transfer. However, TCP and IP protocols have vulnerabilities like not authenticating source IP addresses that can enable attacks. Defenses include filtering packets, limiting half-open connections, and using network address translation with authentication to strengthen security.

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    ACN Research Paper

    Uploaded by

    Renganathan ramesh
    38 views3 pages
    This paper discusses security issues in TCP/IP protocols and potential defenses. The TCP/IP architecture has 4 layers - application, transport, network, and data link layers. The transport layer provides communication between hosts using protocols like TCP and UDP. TCP establishes reliable connections through a three-way handshake and uses sequence numbers and acknowledgments for reliable data transfer. However, TCP and IP protocols have vulnerabilities like not authenticating source IP addresses that can enable attacks. Defenses include filtering packets, limiting half-open connections, and using network address translation with authentication to strengthen security.

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    This paper discusses security issues in TCP/IP protocols and potential defenses. The TCP/IP architecture has 4 layers - application, transport, network, and data link layers. The transport layer provides communication between hosts using protocols like TCP and UDP. TCP establishes reliable connections through a three-way handshake and uses sequence numbers and acknowledgments for reliable data transfer. However, TCP and IP protocols have vulnerabilities like not authenticating source IP addresses that can enable attacks. Defenses include filtering packets, limiting half-open connections, and using network address translation with authentication to strengthen security.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    38 views3 pages

    ACN Research Paper

    Uploaded by

    Renganathan ramesh
    This paper discusses security issues in TCP/IP protocols and potential defenses. The TCP/IP architecture has 4 layers - application, transport, network, and data link layers. The transport layer provides communication between hosts using protocols like TCP and UDP. TCP establishes reliable connections through a three-way handshake and uses sequence numbers and acknowledgments for reliable data transfer. However, TCP and IP protocols have vulnerabilities like not authenticating source IP addresses that can enable attacks. Defenses include filtering packets, limiting half-open connections, and using network address translation with authentication to strengthen security.

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    You are on page 1of 3

    This paper discusses various security problems in TCP/IP Protocol.

    1. Summary of TCP/IP:
    a. TCP/IP Architecturer:
    In TCP/IP architecture,we have 4 layers namely: Application,Transport,Network and Data
    Link Layers. Application layer used for different application programs.Transport layer
    provides end to end communication between the 2 hosts.Network layer responsible for ip
    addressing.Data link layer provides physical ports of any transport media.There are various
    well known ports like
    FTP-21,TELNET-23,SNMP-25,DNS-53,DNS-53.
    b. Working of TCP/IP:
    b.1: Connection process of TCP: It is a reliable,connection oriented protocol.It
    establishment is a three way handshake process.
    Firstly,there is connection establishment: here host sends a random sequence number
    which is request packet without sending any data.
    Secondly, there is data transfer: Here host sends seq number as well as data.
    Thirdly,we have connection termination: Here link between 2 hosts breaks.

    c.TCP Segment format: At the level of Transport layer,every packet is called as segments
    When data comes from layers above TL,we get a big chunk of data,which we break it
    down into segments.
    When you try to send data from source process to destination process,IP(Source) and
    IP(destination) will help transport this data but I need a specific no. for the process which
    is currently executing at the sender.
    There are simple methodologies for this numbering which is given by IANA.

    d. TCP Congestion Control:


    1.Slow Start Phase: Here there is exponential growth in congestion window(wc)
    Initialise wc as 1or 2.
    2. Collision Avoidance Phase: Here there is Linear growth in wc.
    3. Continuously Detect Collision:
    Two ways are there
    a. Timeout: Used when congestion is severe
    Make Wth = wc/2 and go to slow start phase.
    b. Three duplicate acknowledgement: used when congestion is mild
    Make wth=wc/2 and go to congestion avoidance phase.

    4. TCP/IP Protocol Security Problems and Defenses:


    There are various flaws in the protocol causes system under attack.
    A. Safety Issues :
    A.1: An IP protocol do transmission of data free from connections and send data as
    according to the destination address.
    That is when IP routes an IP Packet,it does not check the source address in the IP
    Packet header.
    That’s way,many services that are depends on source address for confirmation will
    cause problems.

    A.2: To explain it,We explain as according to Firewall.


    Few network firewalls authenticate IP Packets from reliable resources.
    IP address doesn’t verify,if the IP Packet source in the ip packet is true address
    of source host.

    B. A. Defense of TCP protocol security issues:


    B.1: Do changes in the routing of the network segment which include limiting the flow
    and number of SYN half packets.
    B.2: See the front end of the router. Only the data packets that complete the TCP three-
    way handshake process can enter the network segment, so as to defend against such
    attacks.

    C. Defense of IP protocol security issues :

    C.1 Use address base authentication strategy.

    C.2 Adopt filter packets. If the network is connected through routing, then use the routing to
    filter the packets. Confirm that only internal LAN is trusted. The server on the internal local
    Lan should be cautious about any hosts outside the local Lan. Routing can filter all the
    requests that wish to establish connections with the internal.

    C.3 Use decoding. An easy way to defend against fake IP address is to request for
    transmission and authentication with decoding. Decoding may be the most effective methods
    among multiple approaches.

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