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    TD Physique Nuage

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    elsa olive ze
    This document contains 10 exercises related to cloud physics. The exercises cover topics such as: calculating the critical energy barrier for droplet formation; determining supersaturation levels and locations in a thermal diffusion chamber; using Köhler curves to estimate droplet properties; calculating relative humidity near droplets; deriving an expression for changes in potential temperature from air parcel entrainment; modeling droplet growth in clouds; calculating ice crystal growth rates; and analyzing stability from a sounding.

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    TD Physique Nuage

    Uploaded by

    elsa olive ze
    121 views3 pages
    This document contains 10 exercises related to cloud physics. The exercises cover topics such as: calculating the critical energy barrier for droplet formation; determining supersaturation levels and locations in a thermal diffusion chamber; using Köhler curves to estimate droplet properties; calculating relative humidity near droplets; deriving an expression for changes in potential temperature from air parcel entrainment; modeling droplet growth in clouds; calculating ice crystal growth rates; and analyzing stability from a sounding.

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    TD-physique-nuage

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    This document contains 10 exercises related to cloud physics. The exercises cover topics such as: calculating the critical energy barrier for droplet formation; determining supersaturation levels and locations in a thermal diffusion chamber; using Köhler curves to estimate droplet properties; calculating relative humidity near droplets; deriving an expression for changes in potential temperature from air parcel entrainment; modeling droplet growth in clouds; calculating ice crystal growth rates; and analyzing stability from a sounding.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    121 views3 pages

    TD Physique Nuage

    Uploaded by

    elsa olive ze
    This document contains 10 exercises related to cloud physics. The exercises cover topics such as: calculating the critical energy barrier for droplet formation; determining supersaturation levels and locations in a thermal diffusion chamber; using Köhler curves to estimate droplet properties; calculating relative humidity near droplets; deriving an expression for changes in potential temperature from air parcel entrainment; modeling droplet growth in clouds; calculating ice crystal growth rates; and analyzing stability from a sounding.

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    TD Physique des nuages

    Exercise 6.1 (a) Show that the height of the critical


    energy barrier ΔE* in Fig. 6.1 is given by

    (b) Determine the fractional changes in ΔE* and r if


    the surface tension, #, is decreased by 10% by adding
    sodium laurel sulfate (a common ingredient in soap)
    to pure water. Neglect the effect of the sodium laurel
    sulfate on n and e. (c) What effect would the addition
    of the sodium laurel sulfate have on the homoge-
    neous nucleation of droplets?

    Exercice 2
    thermal diffusion chamber, used for
    measuring the concentration of NCN active
    at a given supersaturation, consists of a large
    shallow box of height 5 cm. The top of the box
    is maintained at 30°C, the base of the box at
    20°C, and the temperature in the box varies
    linearly with height above the base of the box.
    The inside surfaces of the top and base of
    the box are covered with water (Fig. 6.62).
    (a) What is the maximum supersaturation
    (in %), with respect to a plain surface of water,
    inside the box? (b) What distance above the
    base of the box does this maximum
    supersaturation occur?
    To answer this question, use the values given
    in the following table to plot on a large sheet
    of graph paper es, the saturation vapor
    pressure over a plain surface of water, as a
    function of temperature T from the bottom to
    the top of the box. Plot the actual vapor
    pressure e in the box as a function of T on the
    same graph
    Exercice 3
    Use the Köhler curves shown in Fig. 6.3 to
    estimate:
    (a) The radius of the droplet that will
    form on a sodium chloride particle of
    mass 10-18 kg in air that is 0.1%
    supersaturated.
    (b) The relative humidity of the air adjacent
    to a droplet of radius 0.04 µm that
    contains 10-19 kg of dissolved
    ammonium sulfate.
    (c) The critical supersaturation required
    for an ammonium sulfate particle of
    mass 10-19 kg to grow beyond the haze
    state.

    Exercice 4
    Calculate the relative humidity of the air
    adjacent to a pure water droplet 0.2 µm in
    radius if the temperature is 0°C. (The surface
    energy of water at 0°C is 0.076 J m-2 and the
    number density of molecules in water at 0°C
    is 3.3x 1028 m-3.)

    Exercise 5
    Derive an expression for the fractional change
    in the potential temperature θ’ of a

    parcel of cloudy air produced by a fractional change


    in the mass m of the parcel due to the entrainment of
    mass dm of unsaturated ambient air.

    Exercice 6
    A drop enters the base of a cloud
    with a radius r 0 and, after growing with a constant
    collection efficiency while traveling up and down
    in the cloud, the drop reaches cloud base again
    with a radius R. Show that R is a function only of
    r0 and the updraft velocity w (assumed to be constant).

    Exercice 7
    Determine the fraction of the mass of
    Exercice 8
    Calculate the radius and the mass of an ice
    crystal after it has grown by deposition
    from the vapor phase for half an hour in a
    water-saturated environment at -5 °C. Assume
    that the crystal is a thin circular disk with a
    constant thickness of 10 μm. [Hint: Use
    Eq. (6.37) and Fig. 6.39 to estimate the
    magnitude of GiSi. The electrostatic capacity C
    of a circular disk of radius r is given by
    C =8rε0, where ε0 is the permittivity of
    free space.]

    Exercice 9
    Calculate the time required for an ice
    crystal, which starts off as a plane plate
    with an effective circular radius of 0.5 mm
    and a mass of 0.010 mg, to grow by riming
    into a spherical graupel particle 0.5 mm in
    radius if it falls through a cloud containing
    0.50 g m-3 of small water droplets that it
    collects with an efficiency of 0.60. Assume
    that the density of the final graupel particle
    is 100 kg m-3 and that the terminal fall
    speed v (in m s-1 ) of the crystal is given by
    v = 2.4M 0.24, where M is the mass of the
    crystal in milligrams.

    Exercice 10

    On portera qur l’emagramme le sondage suivant et on fera l’analyse stabilité-instabilité

    P t td
    1000 14 11
    980 11 9
    850 1 -1
    740 -5 -8
    650 -12 -18
    600 -15 -23
    500 -27 -32

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