Cascarano Formula Sheet Physics 4A

Math Stuff Constants

2
Scalar Product ⃗ ⃗⃗ | ⃗|| ⃗⃗| Acceleration of gravity g = 9.80 m/s
-11 2 2
Vector Product ⃗ ⃗⃗ | ⃗|| ⃗⃗| Universal gravitation G = 6.67x10 Nm /kg
Quadratic formula √ Mass of Earth
2
(ax +bx+c=0) Radius of Earth

Kinematics Trig Identities Newton’s Laws / Friction / Circular motion

nd ⃗
Law of cosines: 2 Law ∑⃗ ⃗ or ∑ ⃗
Gravitation

( ) Law of sines: Static friction

Kinetic friction
( )

 b Centripetal acceleration
Velocity Addition a
 
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ c

Work & Power Energy

Work by constant force ⃗ ⃗ Kinetic energy
Work by varying force Gravitational potential
∫
energy
Conservative forces Elastic potential energy
Non-conservative forces Hooke’s Law
Power Force from potential energy

Impulse and Momentum Center of Mass

Linear ⃗ ⃗ Center of mass ∑
momentum (point objects) ∑
Impulse ⃗ ∫ ∑⃗ (∑ ⃗ ) Center of mass ∫
(solid objects) ∫
Impulse - ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
momentum Total momentum
∑⃗ ⃗

Rotational Kinematics Linear / Angular Rotational Inertia and Energy

Rotational inertia ∑
( ) (point objects)
Rotational inertia
∫
(solid objects)
( ) Parallel axis theorem
Rotational kinetic energy
( )

Torque and Angular Momentum Rotational Motion

nd ⃗⃗
Torque ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ Newton’s 2 law ∑⃗ ⃗
Angular ⃗⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗⃗ Work
momentum ∫

Power
Cascarano Formula Sheet Physics 4A

Simple Harmonic Motion Angular Frequency

Displacement ( ) ( ) Mass on a spring
√

Velocity Simple pendulum

( ) ( ) √

Period Frequency

(j) Thin hoop rotating on axis through any diameter of the hoop:
 Tensile Elasticity Pressure
𝐹⊥ 𝑑𝐹
𝑃 = 𝑑𝐴 or 𝑃 = 𝐴
𝐹
𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 =
𝐴
𝑙 − 𝑙0 𝐹 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 =
𝑙0 𝐴 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
Young’s Modulus Pascal’s Law
𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝐹⊥ ⁄𝐴 𝑃 = 𝑃0 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ
𝑌 = =
𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 (𝑙 − 𝑙0 )⁄𝑙0
Archimedes’ Principle
Compressive/Bulk Elasticity
𝐹𝑏𝑢𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝜌𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑉𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑔
𝐹⊥
𝐵𝑢𝑙𝑘 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = = Δ𝑃 Continuity Equation (Flow Rate)
𝐴
Δ𝑉 Δ𝑉
𝐵𝑢𝑙𝑘 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 = | | = 𝐴1 𝑉1 = 𝐴2 𝑉2
𝑉0 Δ𝑡

Bulk Modulus Infinitesimal Work

𝐵𝑢𝑙𝑘 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 Δ𝑃 𝑑𝑊 = 𝑑𝐾 + 𝑑𝑈
𝐵 = =| |
𝐵𝑢𝑙𝑘 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 Δ𝑉⁄𝑉0 Bernoulli’s Equation
Compressibility 1 1
𝑃1 + 𝜌𝑔𝑦1 + 𝜌𝑣12 = 𝑃2 + 𝜌𝑔𝑦2 + 𝜌𝑣22
1 Δ𝑉⁄𝑉0 2 2
𝑘 = =| | 𝑃1 = 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑
𝐵 Δ𝑃

Shear Elasticity 𝜌𝑔𝑦1 = 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡

𝐹∥ 1 2
𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = = Δ𝑃 𝜌𝑣 = 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
𝐴 2 1
𝑥 Hagen-Poiseuille Equation
𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 = = Δ𝑃
ℎ 8𝜋 ∙ 𝜇 ∙ 𝐿 ∙ 𝑄
Δ𝑃 =
Shear Modulus 𝐴2
𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝐹 ∥ ⁄𝐴 𝜇 = 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑆 = =
𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑥 ⁄ℎ 𝐿 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒
Density
𝑄 = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝑚
𝜌= 𝐴 = 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒
𝑉
𝜌 = 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 Poiseuille’s Equation

𝑚 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝜋 ∙ Δ𝑃 ∙ 𝑟 4
Q=
8𝜇 ∙ 𝐿
𝑉 = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒

*FOR EXCLUSIVE USE OF KARYLLE, CAMILLE AND JEDELLE ONLY

*BY: NIKKO
 0th Law Spring Oscillations
Law of Thermal Equilibrium 𝑑2𝑥
𝑚 2 = −𝑘𝑥
𝑑𝑡
Law of Entropy
𝑥 (𝑡) = 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 + 𝛿)
∂𝑆 1
( ) =
∂𝑄 𝑉 𝑇
𝑘
𝜔=√ = 2𝜋𝑓
Heat Energy 𝑚

Δ𝑄 = 𝑚𝑐Δ𝑇 1 2𝜋 𝑚𝑔
𝑇= = =
m𝑓 c𝑓 T𝑜𝑓 + m𝑠 c𝑠 T𝑜 𝑠 = (m𝑓 c𝑓 + m𝑠 c𝑠 )𝑇 𝑓 𝜔 𝐿
1 𝑔
Heat of Vaporization 𝑓= √
2𝜋 𝐿
𝑄𝑣 = 𝑚𝐿𝑣
𝐿
𝐿𝑣 = 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑇 = 2𝜋√
𝑔
Heat of Fusion
1 1
𝐸 = 2 𝑘𝐴2 =const.= 2 𝑚𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥
2
𝑄𝑓 = 𝑚𝐿𝑓
2𝑚𝜋 2 𝐴2
𝐿𝑓 = 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐸=
𝑇2
Conduction 2𝜋𝐴
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑑𝑄 𝑇𝐻 − 𝑇𝑐 𝑇
𝐻= = 𝑘𝐴
𝑑𝑡 𝐿
3
𝑘 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑥 = √ 𝐴2
4
𝑑𝑇
𝐻 = −𝑘𝐴 Pendulum Oscillation
𝑑𝑥
Thermal Resistance 𝑚𝑔𝐿
𝜔=√
𝐿 2𝐼
𝑅=
𝑘
Damped Oscillation
𝐴(𝑇𝐻 − 𝑇𝑐 )
𝐻=
𝐿 𝑘 𝑏2
𝜔′ = √ −
Radiation 𝑚 4𝑚2
𝐻 = 𝐴𝑒𝜎𝑇 4
< 2√𝑘𝑚; 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑊 𝑏 {= 2√𝑘𝑚; 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝜎 = 5.67037442 × 10−8
𝑚2 𝐾 4 > 2√𝑘𝑚; 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝜎 = 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑓𝑎𝑛– 𝐵𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑧𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝑒 = 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦

*FOR EXCLUSIVE USE OF KARYLLE, CAMILLE AND JEDELLE ONLY

*BY: NIKKO
 Mechanical Waves
𝑥 𝑡
𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠 [2𝜋 ( − )]
𝜆 𝑇
𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓
2𝜋
𝑘=
𝜆
𝜔
𝑣 = 𝜆𝑓 =
𝑘
Transverse Waves

𝐹
𝑣=√
𝜇

Energy in Wave Motion

1
𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒 = √𝜇𝐹𝜔2 𝐴2
2
𝑃
𝐼=
4𝜋𝑟 2
𝐼 = 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦
Standing Waves on a String
𝑛𝑣
𝑓=
2𝐿
𝑛 = 1; 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑛 = 2; (𝑛 − 1)𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒

*FOR EXCLUSIVE USE OF KARYLLE, CAMILLE AND JEDELLE ONLY

*BY: NIKKO