LESSON PLAN

Subject : NURSING FOUNDATION

Unit : VII
Topic : Principles: Rights, special considerations, prescriptions, safety in
administering medications and medication errors.
Group : G.N.M. & B.Sc. Ist Year
Place : Classroom
Date & time : 60 minutes
Teaching method : Lecture cum discussion
AV aids / instructional aids : Black Board and chalk, LCD
Student Pre requisite : Students should be able to explain principles of drug action, special
considerations in drug administration, safety measures in drug administration,
contents of a prescription order and medication errors.
General Objective : At the end of the class the students will be able to gain knowledge regarding
principles of drug action, clients rights , safety in administering medications.
Specific Objectives : At the end of the class the students will be able to-
1. Explain clients rights.
2. Explain special considerations of drug administration.
3. Explain safety measures in administering medications

4. Enlist the types of medication errors.

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 Review of previous class: Ask the students about meaning of medication or drugs, purpose of medications.
Introduction: The role of nurse in the administration of medication has become increasingly complex and diversified.
Administration of correct medication and dosage by specified route, using proper technique and taking appropriate
precautions are all expected of a nurse. For safe drug administration, the nurse should be familiar with the source of
medication information, when and how to use them, ability to recognize unsafe and unclear orders and various
components of safe drug administration.

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1 10 Explain Principles of drug action T: explain Q: Define
min principles of An understanding about the various ways and means with Pharmacokinetics?
drug action by which drugs exert their effect is an important PowerPoint
component of medication administration. presentation
and also
Pharmacokinetics- It is the process by which a drug
with
moves through the body and eventually eliminated. It
example
refers to the drug’s activity from the time it enters the
body until it leaves. It has four parts- absorption, S:listen and
distribution, metabolism and excretion. take notes

1. Absorption is the process by which a drug enters .

the blood stream.
2. Distribution is the process by which the
medication is delivered to the target organ, cell
and tissue.
3. Metabolism is the process of deactivation of the
drug in the body.
4. Excretion is the process of removing of drug or
its metabolite from the body.
Pharmacodynamics- It refers to the physiological
and biochemical effect of a drug on the body. Most of
the drugs interact with a cellular component to initiate
a series of biochemical and physiological effects which

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can be local or systemic. Effects of the medication
administered are monitored by client’s clinical
condition and laboratory measurements.
2 5 min Explain the Clients Right for medication administration T: explain Q: Explain the
right of 1. Information with rights of the
clients 2. Refused example clients.
3. Careful assessment S:listen and
4. Informed consent take notes
5. Safe administration
6. Supportive therapy
7. No unnecessary medication
3 5 Explain the Special consideration T: explain Q: What the
mins special 1. Infant and children – with special
consideration example consideration for
-Based on child’s weight
of drug S:listen and old patient?
administration - Special concern for neonate
take notes
2. Geriatric patient –
- Physiological effect of aging
- Polypharmacy, low dose, misuse
3. Pregnant women

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4 5min Explain drug Prescription :- T: Explains Q: Explain

prescription A prescription is a legal order for the preparation and with power Prescription?
/medication administration of a medication. Certain medications point
order require medical supervision because of dangerous side presentation
effect. S:listen and
Prescription include medication order as follows- take notes
1. Clients name .
2. Identification or medical number
3. Medication name
4. Amount and dosage
5. Route of administration
6. Signature of prescriber
7. Date and time
5 15 Explain safety Safety measures in medication administration T: Lecture Q:What are the
min measures in The Five Rights ensures safety in giving drug : cum Five Rights of
medication Discussion drug
1. Right Client
administration S:listen and administration?
- Read the physician’s order
- Read the client name on the client chart take notes
- Call the client by name and ask him to repeat
his name.
2. Right Drug
- Read the physician order to study the correct
name of drug.

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- Drug copied correctly on the medicine card.
- Select the right drug from cupboard. Read the
label.
- Look for the color, odor and consistency of
the drug.
- Be familiar with the trade name.
- Avoid accepting verbal order.
- Always identify the client before giving
medication.
3. Right Dose
- Read the physician order to know the correct
dose.
- Consider the age and weight of clients.
- Know the minimum and maximum dose of the
drug administered.
- Measure accurately.
- Avoid conversation or anything that distract
the mind.
- Know the abbreviation and symbols used.
4. Right Time
- Read the physician’s order.
- Know the hospital routine for the intervals.
- Know the abbreviation for time. Ex-B.D.

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,O.D. etc.
- Give the medicine near the time ordered.
- Give the medicine as ordered in relation to the
food intake
5. Right Method
- Read the physician order to determine the
route of administration.
- Dilute the medicine if indicated.
- Know the method of giving drug.
- Know the abbreviation ex-IV, IM etc.
- Stay with the client until he/she has taken the
medication.
- Never leave any medication with the client.
6 10min Enlist the Medication Error T: Explain Q: Explain
types of Error during drug administration are- with medication errors.
medication PowerPoint
- Which is given not according to the order.
errors presentation
- Is administered as per the order, but is unsafe
and also
or inappropriate for the client.
give
- When documentation in a client chart does
examples.
not reflect that a medication was administered
as ordered. S:listen and
- Medication was given, but not charted. take notes

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- Administration of I.V. medication in the
wrong route.
- Administering medication in the wrong dose.
- Administering medication in the wrong time.
- Administering the wrong medication.
- Charting medication that was not given.
- Administering substitution medication.
- Failure to give medication within the
prescribed time interval.
- Giving a medication by the wrong route.
- Incorrect preparation of a drug by an incorrect
route.
- Improper technique when administering a
drug
- Administering medication to the wrong client.
- Administering drug to a client with known
allergy to that drug.
- Giving a drug that has deteriorated.

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Summary:& Evaluation(10 Min)
 Principles of drug action.
 Client Right for medication taking.
 Special consideration for medication administration.
 Prescription and medication order.
 Safety measures in medication administration
 Medication error during administration
Assignment:1. Write the Five Right of medication administration
2.Write down medication error during administration.
Evaluation: Unit test for 50 marks once the unit VII is completed.
Bibliography:
1. Sr. Nancy ,Principles & practice of Nursing, 6th edition ,published by N.R.Brothers
Page no.505,518,528 to 532
2. CP Thresyamma, Fundamentals of Nursing, published by
Jaypee Page no. 477 to 482
3. Madhuri Inamdar, Text book of Fundamental of nursing, part-I,Published by Vora Medical Publication
Page no.215,219

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