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    Voice

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    Rashmi Kumari
    The document discusses the differences between active and passive voice. It defines active voice as emphasizing the subject that performs the action, while passive voice emphasizes the subject that receives the action. It provides examples of sentences in both voices and rules for converting sentences from active to passive voice, including changing verb forms and adding "by" phrases. Tense, interrogative sentences, and imperative sentences are also discussed.

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    Voice

    Uploaded by

    Rashmi Kumari
    67 views5 pages
    The document discusses the differences between active and passive voice. It defines active voice as emphasizing the subject that performs the action, while passive voice emphasizes the subject that receives the action. It provides examples of sentences in both voices and rules for converting sentences from active to passive voice, including changing verb forms and adding "by" phrases. Tense, interrogative sentences, and imperative sentences are also discussed.

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    The document discusses the differences between active and passive voice. It defines active voice as emphasizing the subject that performs the action, while passive voice emphasizes the subject that receives the action. It provides examples of sentences in both voices and rules for converting sentences from active to passive voice, including changing verb forms and adding "by" phrases. Tense, interrogative sentences, and imperative sentences are also discussed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    67 views5 pages

    Voice

    Uploaded by

    Rashmi Kumari
    The document discusses the differences between active and passive voice. It defines active voice as emphasizing the subject that performs the action, while passive voice emphasizes the subject that receives the action. It provides examples of sentences in both voices and rules for converting sentences from active to passive voice, including changing verb forms and adding "by" phrases. Tense, interrogative sentences, and imperative sentences are also discussed.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE

    Consider the following sentences:


     Rounak sings a song.
     A song is sung by Raunak.
    There is practically no difference in the meanings of these two sentences. These
    are two different ways of presenting the same thing. But in the first sentence the
    Subject performs the action while in the second sentence, the Subject of the verb
    is acted upon.
    Thus, the voice shows whether the Subject of a verb acts or is acted upon.

    Active Voice: When the doer of an action is emphasized in a sentence, the


    sentence is said to be in active voice.
    Example:
    • Rounak sings a song.
    Passive Voice: When the receiver of an action is emphasized in a sentence, the
    sentence is said to be in passive voice.
    Example:
    • A song is sung by Rounak.
    Note: Sentences with only transitive verbs (verbs that take an object) can be changed into
    passive voice.

    RULES OF CONVERATION FROM ACTIVE TO PASSIVE


    1. The position of the subject and the object of the verb are interchanged.
    Vinny wrote three letters. (Active voice)

    Three letters were written by Vinny. (Passive voice)


    2. In the passive voice, the preposition by is generally used before the agent.
    3. The form of the verb is changed according to the tense.
    CHANGE OF TENSE
    ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
    SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
    Subject + V1 + object Object+ is/am/are+ V3+ by + subject
    Subject + do/does+ not + V1 + object Object + is/am/are+ not + V3+ by subject
    Does+ subject+ V1+object+? Is/am/are + object+ V3+ by subject +?
    PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
    Subject + is/am/are+ V1+ ing + object Object+ is/am/are+ being+ V3+ by + subject
    Subject + is/am/are+ not+ V1+ ing+ Object + is/am/are+ not + being+V3+ by
    object subject
    Is/am/are+ subject+V1+ing + object+? Is/am/are + object+ being+ V3+ by subject +?
    PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
    Subject + has/have+ V3+ object Object+ has/have+ been+ V3+ by + subject
    Subject + has/have+ not+ V3+ object Object + has/have+ not + been+V3+ by subject
    Has/have+ subject+ V3 + object+? Has/have + object+ been+V3+ by subject +?
    PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
    NO CHANGE
    SIMPLE PAST TENSE
    Subject + V2+ object Object+ was/were + V3+ by + subject
    Subject +did+ not+V1+ object Object + was/were+ not +V3+ by subject
    Did+ subject+V1+ object+? Was/were + object+ V3+ by subject +?
    PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
    Subject + was/were + V1+ing+ object Object+ was/were +being+V3+ by + subject
    Subject +was/were+ not+V1+ing + object Object + was/were+ not +being+V3+ by subject
    Was/were+ subject + V1+ing + object+? Was/were + object+ being+V3+ by+ subject+?
    PAST PERFECT TENSE
    Subject + had + V3+ object Object+ had+ been +V3+ by + subject
    Subject +had+ not+V3+ object Object + had+ not +been+V3+ by subject
    Had+ subject + V3+ object+? Had + object+ been+V3+ by+ subject+?

    PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE


    PAST PERFECT TENSE
    Subject + had + V3+ object Object+ had+ been +V3+ by + subject
    Subject +had+ not+V3+ object Object + had+ not +been+V3+ by subject
    Had+ subject + V3+ object+? Had + object+ been+V3+ by+ subject+?

    PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE


    FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
    NO CHANGE
    FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
    Subject + will+ have +V3+ object Object+ will+ have+ been +V3+ by + subject
    Subject + will+ not+have+V3+ object Object + will+ not +have+been+V3+ subject
    Will+ subject+have+V3+ object+? Will + object+have+been+V3+by +subject+?
    FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
    NO CHANGE

    CHANGE OF INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

    • Questions beginning with do/does

    Normal structure of interrogative sentences in active voice starting with do/does is


    Do/does + subject + verb + object? (Active Voice)
    While changing the sentence into passive, this structure becomes

    Am/is/are + subject + V3 + by + agent? (Passive Voice)

    Ex: Does she cook the food? (Active Voice)


    Is the food cooked by her? (Passive Voice)

    • Questions beginning with did

    Normal structure of interrogative sentences in active voice starting with did is

    Did + subject + verb + object? (Active Voice)

    While changing the sentence into passive, this structure becomes

    Was/were + subject + V3 + by + agent? (Passive Voice)

    Ex: Did she cook the food? (Active Voice)


    Was the food cooked by her? (Passive Voice)
    • Questions beginning with am/is/are

    Normal structure of interrogative sentences in active voice starting with am/is/are is

    Am/is/are + subject + verb + ing + object? (Active Voice)

    While changing the sentence into passive, this structure becomes

    Am/is/are + subject + being + V3 + by + agent ? (Passive Voice)

    Ex: Is she cooking the food? (Active Voice)

    Is the food being cooked by her? (Passive Voice)

    • Questions beginning with was/were

    Normal structure of interrogative sentences in active voice starting with was/were is

    Was/were + subject + verb + ing + object? (Active Voice)

    While changing the sentence into passive, this structure becomes

    Was/were + subject + being + V3 + by + agent ? (Passive Voice)

    Ex: Was she cooking the food? (Active Voice)


    Was the food being cooked by her? (Passive Voice)

    • Questions beginning with have/has/had

    Normal structure of interrogative sentences in active voice starting with have/has/had is

    Have/has/had + subject + V3 + object? (Active Voice)

    While changing the sentence into passive, this structure becomes

    Have/has/had + subject + been + V3 + by + agent? (Passive Voice)

    Ex: Has she cooked the food? (Active Voice)


    Has the food been cooked by her? (Passive Voice)

    • Questions beginning with modals

    Normal structure of interrogative sentences in active voice starting with modals is

    Modal + subject + verb + object? (Active Voice)

    While changing the sentence into passive, this structure becomes

    Modal + subject + be + V3 + by + agent ? (Passive Voice)

    Ex: Can she cook the food? (Active Voice)

    Can the food be cooked by her? (Passive Voice)

    • ‘Wh’ questions

    Questions starting with what, why, where, when, who, whom etc. are known as ‘wh’ questions.

    Normal structure of ‘wh’ questions in active voice is

    ‘Wh’ word + auxiliary + subject + verb + object? (Active Voice)


    While changing the sentence into passive, this structure becomes

    ‘Wh’ word + auxiliary + subject + V3 + by + agent? (Passive Voice)

    Ex: Why did she punish you? (Active Voice)


    Why were you punished by her? (Passive Voice)

    • Questions beginning with ‘who’


    In such kind of sentences who acts as the subject.
    Who wrote this letter? (Active Voice)
    By whom was this letter written? (Passive Voice)

    • Questions beginning with ‘whom’


    Whom has the principal honoured? (Active Voice)
    Who has been honoured by the principal? (Passive Voice)

    CHANGE OF IMPERATIVE SENTENCE


    A. The imperative sentence in passive voice begins with word ‘Let’.
    B. The word ‘be’ is used as an auxiliary verb in passive voice of imperative sentences.
    C. Base form of verb is converted into Past Participle form of verb.
    e.g. Respect elders. (Active voice)
    Let the elders be respected. (Passive voice)
    Finish the work. (Active voice)
    Let the work be finished. (Passive voice)
    D. In case of order or command:
    Leave the room at once. (Active voice)
    You are ordered to leave the room. (Passive voice)
    Open the window. (Active voice)
    The windows should be opened. (Passive voice)
    OR
    Let the windows be opened. (Passive voice)

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