Active Voice

Active Voice/ Passive Voice
Active----- Sub+ Verb+ Obj+ Place+ Manner+ Time+ Reason

Passive----- Obj+ Passive Verb+ Place+ Manner+ by Sub+ Time+ Reason
How tenses in passive structures are formed
Tenses Active Passive

Simple Present V1/ Vs,es am, is, are +V3
Simple Past V2 was, were + V3
Present Continuous am, is, are + Ving am, is, are+being+V3
Past Continuous was, were + Ving was, were + being+V3
Present Perfect has, have+V3 has, have+ been+V3
Past Perfect had+V3 had+been+V3
Future can, could, will, would, shall, can, could, will, would, shall,
should, may might, must + V1 should, may might, must + be+ V3
am, is, are+ going to+ V1 am, is, are+ going to+be+V3
to + V1 to +be+ V3
used to, ought to + V1 used to, ought to +be+ V3
ပေးထားသောစာကြောင်းတွင် Object (ခံရသူ) ကိုရှာ၍ စာကြောင်း၏ အရှေ့ဆုံး

သို့ပို့၍ရေးပါ။
ထို့နောက် Verb ကို Passive Verb ပြောင်းပါ။
၎င်းနောက်တွင် by + Sub ထည့်ရေးရမည်။
Completement (အဖြည့်စကားလုံး) များ ပါလျှင် Verb နှင့်ဆိုင်ပါက Verb
ထည့်ပါ။
Subject နှင့်ဆိုင်ပါက Subject ထည့်
ပါ။
Object နှင့်ဆိုင်ပါက Object ထည့်
ပါ။
Subject နေရာတွင် “I, We, You, They, He, She, It, people, Someone, Somebody, No One,
Nobody, Everyone, Everybody” တို့ဖြစ်လျှင်ဖြုတ်ရမည်။
“No One, Nobody” ဖြုတ်လျှင် အကူကြိယာ (Helping Verbs) ကို “not”ပေါင်းထည့်
ပေးရမည်။
Reason (if, because, to +V1, for+Ving,……………)

Time (when, during, after, soon, for+ ကြာချိန်, …………)
1. U Zaw beat the child angrily yesterday.
The child was beaten angrily by U Zaw yesterday.
The child was angrily beaten by U Zaw yesterday.
2. The teacher is correcting our compositions now.
Our compositions are being corrected by the teacher now.
Our compositions ------------------------- .
a) Is being corrected now by the teacher.
b) Are being corrected by the teacher now.
c) Is being corrected by the teacher now.
d) Are being corrected now by the teacher.
e) Are correcting the teacher.
3. Khin Maung Toe will sing a new song at the party.
A new song will be sung at the party by Khin Maung Toe.
Object (ခံရသူ) နှစ်ခုပါသောစာကြောင်းကို ‌ပြောင်းရာတွင် လူပုဂ္ဂိုလ်
(Obj) နှင့် အရာဝတ္ထု (Obj) ဟူ၍နှစ်မျိုးရှိပြီး လူပုဂ္ဂိုလ်(Obj) ကို
ပြန်ရေးရာတွင် to/for နှင့် တွဲ၍ရေးရမည်။
4. Mother bought me a new car yesterday.
I was bought a new car by mother yesterday.
A new car was bought to/for me by mother yesterday.
5. Sayama teaches us English.
We are taught English by Sayama.
English is taught to/for us by Sayama.
6. Do they play football every day?
They play football every day.
Football is played every day.
Is football played every day?
7. Does Muya eat the mangoes?
Muya eats the mangoes.
The mangoes are eaten by Muya.
Are the mangoes eaten by Muya?
8. Did Ko Ko use my car last night?
Ko Ko used my car last night.
My car was used by Ko Ko last night.
Was my car used by Ko Ko last night?
9. Have the workmen painted the ceiling?
Has the ceiling been painted by the workmen?
10. Can you solve this problem?
Can this problem be solved?
11. Why did mother beat her yesterday?
Why was she beaten by mother yesterday?
12. When did Mu Mu wash the clothes?
When were the clothes washed by Mu Mu?
13. Who bought a new car last year?
By whom was a new car bought last year?
14. Who played football?
By whom was football played?
15. When does the child eat apples?
When are apples eaten by the child?
16. No one tells the truth.
The truth is not told.
17. Smoking is not allowed.
People/ We/ They do not allow smoking.
He/ She/ Someone does not allow smoking.
No one/ Nobody allows smoking.
Exercises
1. The doctor has advised me to take a long rest as I am rather weak.
2. Parents should teach children table manners.
3. My cook always makes a number of tasty dishes.
4. The winning goal was scored by Aung Aung.
5. U Kaung drove the car recklessly.
6. Nobody must take away these books from the library.
7. Mg Mg was awarded the first prize by the headmaster.
8. The plumber has repaired all the pipes in the kitchen.
9. Did someone use my computer in my absence?
10. Who sent you this email?
11. Why have they moved your table?
12. Why didn’t you wash the clothes thoroughly?
13. Who will take care of the baby?
14. Why didn’t you arrange the flowers in the vase beautifully?
15. The clothes have been washed by the maid.
The Impersonal Passive (Passive Type III)

The Impersonal is used to report what is said by people or by generalized agents. We can
avoid mentioning the generalized agents: ‘we’, ‘they’, ‘people’, ‘everybody’, ‘one’, etc. With
reporting verbs such as ‘say’, ‘think’, ‘know’, ‘believe’, ‘hope’, ‘report’, ‘find’, etc., we can
use the following passive pattern:
It + the passive form of the reporting verb+ that clause
- It ကို Subject ပြုလုပ်ပါ။
- Verb ကို Passive Verb ပြောင်းပေးပါ။
- That မှစ၍အားလုံးပြန်ကူးပါ။
Example
1. People believe that black of unlucky colour.
It is believed that black of unlucky colour.
2. Everybody knows that the earth is round.
It is known that the earth is round.
3. They thought that the exam questions were quite easy.
It was thought that the exam questions were quite easy.

Active Voice

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Active Voice/ Passive Voice

Active----- Sub+ Verb+ Obj+ Place+ Manner+ Time+ Reason

How tenses in passive structures are formed

Tenses Active Passive

ပေးထားသောစာကြောင်းတွင် Object (ခံရသူ) ကိုရှာ၍ စာကြောင်း၏ အရှေ့ဆုံး

Reason (if, because, to +V1, for+Ving,……………)

The Impersonal Passive (Passive Type III)

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