SPEEDING UP FOR GCSE 2021

TEST 4 (28/2/2021)
Choose the best option A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences
1. According to the _ of the contract, tenants must give six months’ notice if they intend to live.
A. laws B. rules C. terms D. details
2. No one could contemplate fame these days without knowing beforehand of its _____.
a. laisez-faire B. outburst C. insight D. downside
3. Books taken from the short _____ section are due to be returned the next day.
A. borrowing B. credit C. loan D. return
4. She was so undisciplined and disobedient that, as the manager, I just had to put my __ down.
A. stamp B. shoe C. fist D. foot
5. When Wilson’s company was hit by the recession, he decided to take early _____.
A. redundancy B. retirement C. resignation D. redeployment
6. Was it always an _____ of yours to play for France?
A. urge B. adoration C. anticipation D. aspiration
7. The whereabouts of the exiled president remains a _____ guarded secret.
A. highly B. closely C. deeply D. entirely
8. It’s a shame to fall out so badly with your own _____.
A. heart to heart B. flesh and blood C. heart and soul D. skin and bone
9. Life’s very easy for you. You were born with a _____ spoon in your mouth.
A. silver B. golden C. bronze D. diamond
10. There has been a lot of _____ surrounding the government’s proposed scheme.
A. controversy B. consent C. conformity D. consequence
11. You can’t bury your head _____ and hope that this problem goes away, you know.
A. in the mud B. in the pool C. in the sand D. in the water
12. Fiona’s offered to help you. Don’t ask why – never look a gift _____ in the mouth.
A. horse B. cow C. deer D. dog
13. Sandra’s unpleasant _____ suggested that she knew about Amanda’s terrible secret.
A. grimace B. smirk C. wince D. snort
14. Few people can do creative work unless they are in the right _____ of mind.
A. frame B. trend C. attitude D. tendency
Read the text and choose the best answer A, B, C or D.
Moral Behavior
The dictionary defines morality as “being in accord with standards of right or good
conduct.”The argument over whether our moral behavior is innate of whether it is developed by
our environment and culture has been raging for ages. Many people feel morality is based on
reason, while others feel it comes from religion or one’s own spirituality. Biologists believe that
humans’ tendency to obey the Golden Rule- “Do unto others as you would have them do unto
you”- is a product of evolution.
■ A)At first, moral behavior seems to oppose the rules of Charles Darwin’s theory of survival
of the fittest and natural selection. ■ B)However, researchers in the field of biology feel that as
animals evolved to live in groups, the propensity to look only after the group’s success as a
whole, every member had to look only after one's own needs had to fade in order for a group
mentality to emerge. ■ C) To ensure the group’s success as a whole, every member had to look
out for the interests of the majority, a concept known as utilitarianism. ■D)This is a system of
beliefs based on what does the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
A researcher named Jonathon Haidt at the University of Virginia believes that morality is
driven by two separate mindsets-one ancient and one modern. Dr. Haidt declares that the
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human mind is unaware of the distinction between the two. The ancient mental system is
based on the emotion behind moral behaviors, which is a type of intuitivesense of what is
right and wrong that evolved before language developed. These are the “gut reactions”
people experience in tough situations that call for quick action. The more modern system of
thought came with the development of language, as people became able to express verbally
why something was right or wrong. The two work together when we are put in morally
compromising situations. When confronted with a moral dilemma, one’s intuition immediately
decides what is right or wrong. Rational thought and judgment about the morality of an issue
follow the decision that one’s emotional reaction already made.
Dr. Haidt identified five areas of moral conduct that are common in most countries and systems
throughout the world, and he describes these as the foundation for all moral behavior. These
moral components conceptualize how people treat others and what is important in being part of
a group. Regardless of their background, religion, socioeconomic status, or educational level,
Dr. Haidt found that the majority of people hold to these moral concepts. The first moral
concept is the prevention of harm. Generally, people believe that it is wrong to harm another
human being or animal for cruel and needless reasons. The second moral concept is fairness,
which holds that all people should be treated fairly. For instance, people should treat the poor in
the same manner as the wealthy, and the weak the same as the strong. The third moral concept
is loyalty to one’s group. This entails a strong devotion to the values of the group as a whole.
People with strong loyalties believe that adherence to the laws of society is important because it
upholds the integrity of that society. The idea of loyalty is closely interwoven with the fourth
moral foundation: respect for authority. People who value authority believe in the strength of a
governing body and a strong hierarchy with established roles and rules. The fifth concept
involves upholding high standards of purity. This deals with the way that members of a group
view their bodies. The idea of purity comes into play in the standards of cleanliness in society.
Daily hygiene routines, eating food that has not been contaminated in some way, and burial
rules and rituals fall into this category.
Dr. Haidt's research concludes that these moral concepts are inherent in our physical makeup
and are learned behaviors, reinforced by our environments from a very early age. The five
moral foundations are interpreted differently from society to society, and people rate them
differently in order of importance. While morality may take different forms across the many
different cultures of the world, it remains true that the basic task of morality, restraining
selfishness, is a part of all humanity's moral behavior.
15. Why does the author mention the Golden Rule in paragraph 1?
A. To contrast moral behavior with immoral behavior
B. To prove that people generally know right from wrong
C. To suggest that evolution shaped morality
D. To define the idea of moral behavior
16. Look at the four squares (■) that indicate where the following sentence could be added to
the passage.
In other words, evolution appears to favour individuals who have learned how to get what
they need in order to survive.
Where would the sentence best fit?
A. 1st square B. 2nd square C. 3rd square D. 4th square
17. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence.
Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential
information.

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A. The earlier mindset based morality on an inborn, emotional understanding of what is proper
and acceptable.
B. Old-fashioned ways of thinking based goodness on the way a person felt about a situation.
C. Theories about ancient attitudes claimed language was not necessary to determine moral
behavior.
D. Emotions governed the morality of people in ancient times before they developed a way to
communicate.
18. Which of the following is NOT correct about the five moral concepts?
A. They typically develop in sequential order.
B. They serve as the core of all moral behaviors.
C. They vary in importance from country to country
D. They explain the various ideas that drive moral behavior.
19. Which of the following can be inferred about Dr. Haidt’s five areas of moral conduct?
A. They are disputed in various cultures.
B. Aspects of them appear in the laws of many countries.
C. Many leaders would likely disagree with their loyalty principles.
D. They are based on innate human tendencies.
20. What can be inferred about humanity as a whole based on Dr. Haidt’s moral concepts?
A. Morality is a universal characteristic that applies to the whole world.
B. The natural world plays a major role in the development of morality.
C. Morality is an instinctive characteristic that humans have from birth.
D. People from different cultures will not value the same principles.
21. According to the passage, morality _____________.
A. conflicts with Darwin’s theory of natural selection
B. goes against the dominant authority
C. seeks to restrict human selfishness
D. includes generosity as an important moral
22. The word This in paragraph 4 refers to____________.
A. a strong hierarchy B. the fifth concept
C. a governing body D. upholding high standards
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States
increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and
cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new
emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for
economic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most
important means of integrating immigrants into American society.
The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of the
century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal schooling. By 1920
schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in most states, and the school year was
greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and
vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of
students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants. Classes
for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools, corporations, unions, churches,
settlement houses, and other agencies.
Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should suit the
needs of specific populations. Immigrant women were once such population. Schools tried to
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educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the urban industrial economy,
and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the home.
Although looking after the house and family was familiar to immigrant women, American
education gave homemaking a new definition. In pre-industrial economies, homemaking had
meant the production as well as the consumption of goods, and it commonly included income-
producing activities both inside and outside the home, in the highly industrialized early-
twentieth-century United States, however, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a
problem. Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as a consumer rather than a
producer. Schools trained women to be consumer homemakers cooking, shopping, decorating,
and caring for children "efficiently" in their own homes, or if economic necessity demanded, as
employees in the homes of others. Subsequent reforms have made these notions seem quite out-
of-date.
23. The paragraph preceding the passage probably discusses _____.
A. the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society in the nineteen
century.
B. the urbanization in the United States in the nineteen century.
C. the industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life the United States in the 19th
century
D. the formal schooling in the United States in the nineteen century.
24. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that one important factor in the increasing importance of
education in the United States was _____.
A. the increased urbanization of the entire country
B. the expanding economic problems of schools
C. the growing number of schools in frontier communities
D. an increase in the number of trained teachers
25. According to the passage, one important change in United States education by the 1920's
was that _____.
A. most places required children to attend school
B. adults and children studied in the same classes
C. new regulations were imposed on nontraditional education
D. the amount of time spent on formal education was limited
26. “Vacation schools and extracurricular activities” are mentioned in line 9 to illustrate
_____.
A. the importance of educational changes
B. alternatives to formal education provided by public schools
C.  the increased impact of public schools on students
D. activities that competed to attract new immigrants to their programs.
27. According to the passage, early-twentieth century education reformers believed that _____.
A.  different groups needed different kinds of education
B.  corporations and other organizations damaged educational progress
C. more women should be involved in education and industry
D. special programs should be set up in frontier communities to modernize them
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct word for each of the blanks
SENSES
All five senses are important to us, but the two most important senses are (28) ___ the
sense of sight and the sense of hearing. Blind and deaf people must find life difficult because
they are unable to do (29) ___ that the rest of us can do naturally. People who (30) __their
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sense of taste can not enjoy food as well as they used to, whilst (31) __ who have no sense of
smell can not realize, for example , when gas is leaking or food has gone off . In addition to our
physical senses, it is a great help in life to have sense of humour, especially when things go
wrong, and to have (32) ________ sense, something which can not be learned from books.
28. A. probably B. likely C. certainly D. possibly
29. A. things B. everything C. nothing D. what
30. :A. miss B. haven’t C. lack D. lose
31. A. persons B. men C. those D.these
32. A. good B. common C. spirit D. intellect
Choose the word or phrase CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the
following sentences.
33. The thieves broke into the tomb to steal the treasures.
A. mummies B. bodies C. materials D. valuable objects
34. Music can also help you to relax and feel rejuvenated.
A. strengthened B. bettered C. refreshed D. recovered
Choose the word or phrase OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the
following sentences.
35. The council demolished it.
A. made B. did C. started D. construct
36. For example, you can play a ballad, then move on to something more energetic such as
rock ’n’ roll.
A. languid B. ill C. slow D. soft
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from
the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
37. A. profuse B. produce C. lettuce D. induce
38. A. retire B. admire C. satire D. miracle
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest
in meaning to each of the following questions.
39. The police questioned two strangers but neither of them could speak English.
A. The police questioned two strangers who could not speak English.
B. The police questioned two English strangers.
C. Neither of the strangers was questioned by the police in English.
D. The two strangers could answer the police's questions in English.
40. Her friend came and saw her in the hospital, which was kind.
A. She was kind to come and see her friend in the hospital.
B. It was kind of her friend to come and see her in the hospital.
C. It was kind to her friend who came and saw her in the hospital.
D. It was kind of her to come and see her friend in the hospital.
41. I went to school with Anna when we lived near each other.
A. Anna and I lived near the school, so we went to school together.
B. I used to go to school with Anna, who lived near each other.
C. I went to school with Anna, who lived near my house.
D.Anna's school was near mine and we lived with each other.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs
correction
42. It is time(A) the management do(B) something to support the unemployed(C) to find
some(D) jobs.
43. I enjoy reading(A) the editorial that(B) you told(C) me about it(D) yesterday.
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44. Students suppose(A) to read all the problems(B) carefully and find out(C) the solution to
them(D).
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response
to complete each of the following exchanges.
45. Laura: “ Well, it’s getting late. May be we could get together sometime.” Ken: “_______”
A. Nice to see back you. B. Take it easy.
C. Sounds good. I’ll give you a call. D. Yes, I’ve enjoyed it.
46. - Helen: “Your parents must be proud of your result at school!”- Mary: “_______.”
A. Thanks. It’s certainly encouraging B. I’m glad you like it
C. Sorry to hear that D. Of course
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from
the others
47. A. Atmosphere B. emission C. disposal D. volcanic
48. A. economic B. considerate C. territorial D. continental
Choose the best option among A, B, C, D which best joins each pair of sentences below:
49. She wrote the text. She selected the illustration as well.
A. In order to select the illustration, she had to write the text.
B. The text she wrote was not as good as the illustration she selected.
C. She not only wrote the text but also selected the illustration.
D. If she had written the text, she would have selected the illustration
50. She looked through the hotel advertisements. She stopped only when taking a fancy to one
piece.
A. She stopped looking through the hotel advertisements only when she had found another
piece.
B. She took so great a fancy to the hotel advertisements that she could not stop reading them.
C. Only when one of the hotel advertisements caught her fancy did she stop reading them .
D. She found the hotel advertisements so interesting that she could hardly turn away from them.
===THE END===