Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2022

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Biology (4BI1) Paper 2B
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Summer 2022
Question Paper Log Number P69467A
Publications Code 4BI1_2B_2206_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2022
General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners

must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they
mark the last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must
be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather
than penalised for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries
may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be
awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if
deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme.
Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if
the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to
the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will
provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and
exemplification may be limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the
mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader
must be consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate
has replaced it with an alternative response.
Question Answer Mark
Number
1 (a)(i) methane / nitrous oxides / CFCs / Accept other correct
water vapour / eq (1) named greenhouse 1
gases

Reject carbon monoxide

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
1 (a)(ii) 1.8 x 1013 (3) Accept 18 000 000 000 000 or 18 trillion
for two marks 3

Accept 18 x 1012 for two marks

Accept 18 or (727 + 37 - 746) or 18 with

other incorrect standard form for one
mark

Example of calculation:

 727 + 37 - 746 = 18

 x 1 000 000 000 000

 conversion to standard form

Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
1 An answer that makes reference to two of
(a)(iii) the following. Accept two 2
correct
answers within
 ice (caps) melt / glaciers melt / eq one answer
space
(1)

 flooding / sea level rises / eq (1)

 loss of habitat / desertification /

droughts (1)

 extinctions / disrupted food chains /

migration of species / damaged

ecosystems / decreased plant yields

/ decreased productivity / eq (1)

 destruction of coral reefs / coral

bleaching / eq (1)

 spread of disease / pests /

pathogens / eq (1)

 extreme weather / climate change /

changes in weather patterns / eq (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
1 (b) An explanation that makes reference to four of
the following. 4

 plants take in / absorb, carbon dioxide (1) Ignore

carbon
 for photosynthesis (1)

 carbon (dioxide) is converted into / stored

as suberin / locked up in suberin / eq (1)

 suberin does not decay for long periods / Accept roots

decompose
suberin decomposes slowly / suberin slowly / eq

remains for long period of time / eq (1)

 perennial plants remain for long periods of

time / do not die off / grow for many

years / don’t die each year / don’t have to

be replanted / eq (1)

 slower / less carbon dioxide is released Ignore

carbon
from decomposition / decay / (respiration

of) decomposers (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
1 (c) The only correct answer is D
1
A is incorrect as the amylase digests starch

B is incorrect as ligase sticks DNA

C is incorrect as lipase digests fats

Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
1 (d) An answer that makes reference to two of
the following. 2

 prevent water loss (1) Ignore

water gain
 (due to) osmosis (1) Ignore
waterproof

 when water moves from a higher Allow water

moves from
water potential to a lower water dilute
solution to
potential / eq prevents plant cells more
concentrated
becoming flaccid / wilting / stay solution
Accept
turgid (1) movement
from high
concentration
of water to
low
concentration
of water
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
1 (e) An answer that makes reference to three of
the following. 3

 produce large numbers / large scale /

eq (1)

 fast (process) / quick(er) / eq (1) Ignore faster

growth of plants
 all crops produce suberin / all plants Accept no
variation /
are (genetically) identical / all clones / guarantees
characteristics/
eq / (1) all have the
gene
 less risk of cross pollinating (with wild

plants) / pollinating wild plants /

spreading (trans)gene into wild / eq (1)

 can be done at, any time of year / all

year / eq (1)

(Total for Question 1 = 16 marks)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
2(a) An answer that makes reference to one of the
following. 1
 sterilised / unsterilised / eq (1)
 presence of bacteria / absence of
bacteria / eq (1)
 heated / unheated soil / eq (1)
 soil sample / soil used (1)
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
2 (b)(i) An answer that makes reference to two of 2
the following.

 remove / dissolve / wash away Accept make

nitrate present / get rid of nitrates / eq sure no
(1) nitrate
present

Accept to
 (so any) nitrate made must have see if the
been from the ammonium salt / are due nitrates come
to ammonium salts / eq (1) from the
ammonia
 so a fair comparison is made / so Ignore
the test is valid / so the test is fair (1) accurate /
reliable

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
2 (b)(ii) An answer that makes reference to four of 4
the following.

 nitrates present in unsterilised soil

(1) Ammonium
to nitrite to
 nitrates produced /made from nitrate = 2
marks (mp2
ammonium / ammonia (1) and mp4)

 nitrifying bacteria / nitrification (1)

 ammonium is converted into nitrite /

nitrite is converted into nitrate (1)

 nitrates not present in sterilised soil

because there are no bacteria / bacteria

were dead / killed / removed (1)

  not repeated / no measure of

quantity of nitrates / qualitative not

quantitative (1)

(Total for Question 2 = 7 marks)

Question Answer Mark

Number
3 (a)(i) The only correct answer is D (protoctists)
1
A is incorrect as the animals do not have chloroplasts

B is incorrect as bacteria do not have nuclei

C is incorrect as plants are multicellular

Question Answer Mark

Number
3 (a)(ii) The only correct answer is B (cell membrane and
mitochondrion) 1

A is incorrect as animal cells do not have chloroplasts

C is incorrect as animal cells do not have chloroplasts

D is incorrect as animal cells do not have cell walls

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
3 (b)  one mark for 6CO2 + 6H2O (on Accept 6H2O 2
LHS) (1) + 6CO2

 one mark for C6H12O6 (on RHS) (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
3 (c)(i) An explanation that makes reference to two
of the following. 2

 low / less / no light (1) Accept dark

 photosynthesis is slower than Accept no

respiration / photosynthesis is less than photosynthesis
respiration / respiration is faster than but respiration
photosynthesis / eq (1) occurs
 Ignore
respiration
gets faster

Accept less
 more oxygen taken in than released / oxygen
more oxygen used than produced / there is released than
a net movement of oxygen in / eq (1) taken in

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
3 (c)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to
three of the following. 3

 at 10 (au) respiration (rate) and

photosynthesis (rate) are equal /

at the compensation point

respiration and photosynthesis are

equal (1)

 rate of photosynthesis increases

(as light intensity increases) (1) Accept

converse
 photosynthesis rate is greater than

respiration rate (1) Accept levels

off as light is
 levels off / eq, because another no longer
limiting
factor / temperature / carbon Accept at
(value
dioxide is limiting (1) between 45
(a.u.) and
55(a.u.) / 40
mm3) another
factor /
temperature /
carbon dioxide
is limiting)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
3(c)(iii)
two marks for 48 (2) one mark for correct 2
reading of 38 (1)
OR
one mark for +10 (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
3 (d) A description that makes reference to
three of the following. 3

 move lamp different distances / eq Accept other

correct methods
(1)
e.g. cover with
cloths / foil /
change bulb
power / use of
variable resistor
Ignore place in
dark and light
unqualified

Ignore amount
 place same mass / number /
volume / concentration Chlorella /
algae, in (hydrogen-carbonate
indicator) (1)
Accept place
bung in / seal
tubes
 same volume / concentration of
indicator / same temperature /
leave for same or stated time /
same starting colour of indicator /
Accept yellow
use a control tube (with no
with increase in
Chlorella) (1)
carbon dioxide /
and red / purple
 (indicator turns) yellow with low
with decrease of
light / covered tube / and red /
carbon dioxide
purple with high light / uncovered
Accept correct
tube (1)
references to
 photosynthesis
and respiration

(Total for Question 3 = 14 marks)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
4 (a) A: ureter (1) Allow phonetic spellings that cannot 2
be mistaken for urethra, e.g. ureta
Reject urethra

B: bladder (1) Reject gall bladder

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
4 (b)(i) An answer that makes reference to the
following. 2

 protein is large (1)

 (so) does not pass out of glomerulus /

capillary / through basement

membrane / does not pass into

(Bowman’s) capsule (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
4 (b)(ii) An answer that makes reference to two of
the following. 2

 glucose is reabsorbed / absorbed into Ignore

absorbed
the blood / selectively reabsorbed (1) unqualified

 at the proximal convoluted tubule /

pct / eq (1)
  by active transport / uptake (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
4 (c) An explanation that makes reference to four
of the following. 4

 hypothalamus detects /

osmoreceptors detect high (salt)

concentration of blood / low water of

blood (1) Accept

pituitary
 pituitary releases ADH / eq (1) produces
ADH
 collecting duct (1)

 increased permeability (1)

 more water (re)absorbed / enters

blood / eq (1)

(Total for Question 4 = 10 marks)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
5 (a)(i) 0.57 gains all three marks
0.57 (3) 3
Accept 0.90 for two marks

OR

Accept 0.56 or 0.56(66666….7) or 0.56

 recurring for two marks

Accept 0.9 or 0.8975 or 1.7 or ÷3

for one mark

Example calculation (not mark points):

(0.55 + 0.54 + 0.61) = 1.7

÷3

to two dp

Correct answer with no working gains all three

marks.

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
5 (a)(ii)  amino acids / peptides Accept polypeptide 1
(1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
5 (b)(i) An answer that makes reference to two of 2
the following.
Ignore
 temperature (1) amount

 height / volume / mass / Accept gel

for gelatine
concentration of gelatine / protein/ eq Ignore
type /
(1) source of
protein
Ignore
type /
 volume / concentration, of, enzyme / source of
juice
bromelain / pineapple juice / eq (1)

 volume of buffer (1)

 time (in incubator) (1)

 surface area of gelatine / SA:vol ratio

/ width of tube (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
5 (b)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to
three of the following. 3
Accept rate
 volume digested increases up to (pH) increases up
to 5 then
5 then decreases (above 5) / volume decreases

digested decreases above and below Accept

denatures at
5 / eq (1) high pH / low
pH
 optimal pH / optimum pH (1)

 (away from optimal pH / 5) enzyme Accept E/S

complexes do
denatures / (active site) shape not form

changes / eq (1)

 substrate no longer binds / fits /

shape not complementary to

substrate (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
5 (c) A description that makes reference to the 2
following. Accept
correct,
 add biuret (reagent) / add biuret A alternative
tests e.g.
and biuret B / sodium hydroxide & ninhydrin test
goes red /
copper sulfate (1) brown
xanthoproteic
 turns lilac / purple / pink / mauve / eq test goes
yellow
(1)

(Total for Question 5 = 11 marks)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
6 (a) An explanation that makes reference to two of
the following. 2

 less oxygen (transported) (1)

 to muscles (1)

 less respiration / less ATP production /

less energy release / more lactic acid /

more anaerobic respiration (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
6 (b)(i) UUACCGCCGAGU
(2) one mark for one incorrect pairing 2
or use of T instead of U

e.g. UUACCACCGAGU – one mark

TTACCGCCGAGT – one mark

Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
6 (b)(ii) A description that makes reference to four of 4
the following.

 transcription occurs in nucleus (1)

 production of messenger RNA / mRNA

(from DNA) (1)

 translation occurs on ribosome / mRNA

binds to ribosome / mRNA goes to

ribosome (1)

 tRNA brings / has amino acids (1)

 codon binds to anticodon / codons are

complementary to anticodons /

(complementary) triplets on tRNA and

mRNA bind / eq (1) Ignore

protein
  polypeptide produced / amino acids produced /
synthesised
joined together /amino acid chain

produced / eq (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
6 An answer that makes reference to
(b)(iii) four of the following. Accept converse 4

Pros (max 3)
 patients produce red blood
cells / can exercise / are not
breathless / have more energy
/ eq (1)
Accept blood
 independent life / transfusions transfusions need
not needed / better quality of frequent hospital
life / no need to keep visiting visits need to be
hospitals / eq (1) done often

 no rejection (1)
Accept transfusions
 less risk of infectious disease have risk of
(from blood) (1) infections

 permanent treatment / long Accept transfusions

lasting / lasts a lifetime / cure / need to be done for
works for at least 15 months life
 (1)

Cons (max 3) Accept need 15

 need to spend long time in months / several
isolation (for treatment) / eq months in hospital
(1) Accept few side
effects from
 side effects (1) transfusions

Accept might not

work for everyone /
 small sample size / only tested no mention of age /
on two people / needs further sex / health state/
testing / more repeats / eq (1) eq

 could cause mutations in DNA /

cause cancers (1)
Accept time period
 need to be tested for more is too short to tell
than 15 months / for longer /
eq (1)

(Total mark for question 6 = 12 marks)

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