This document proposes a new power converter design for connecting variable speed wind turbines to electrical grids or loads. The converter only uses one bridge of active devices, half as many as conventional dc link converters. It uses an innovative modulation method to produce both variable frequency current from the generator and fixed frequency current for the grid. A zero sequence filter separates these currents so variable speed power can be provided to a single phase load through the filter. Simulation and preliminary experimental results showed the converter operates stably and meets harmonic standards while allowing optimized power capture from variable speed wind turbines. The design has applications for small power facilities and utilities by enabling improved conversion of variable to fixed frequency power.
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Power Converter For Wind Turbine Application: of PO Idaho
This document proposes a new power converter design for connecting variable speed wind turbines to electrical grids or loads. The converter only uses one bridge of active devices, half as many as conventional dc link converters. It uses an innovative modulation method to produce both variable frequency current from the generator and fixed frequency current for the grid. A zero sequence filter separates these currents so variable speed power can be provided to a single phase load through the filter. Simulation and preliminary experimental results showed the converter operates stably and meets harmonic standards while allowing optimized power capture from variable speed wind turbines. The design has applications for small power facilities and utilities by enabling improved conversion of variable to fixed frequency power.
This document proposes a new power converter design for connecting variable speed wind turbines to electrical grids or loads. The converter only uses one bridge of active devices, half as many as conventional dc link converters. It uses an innovative modulation method to produce both variable frequency current from the generator and fixed frequency current for the grid. A zero sequence filter separates these currents so variable speed power can be provided to a single phase load through the filter. Simulation and preliminary experimental results showed the converter operates stably and meets harmonic standards while allowing optimized power capture from variable speed wind turbines. The design has applications for small power facilities and utilities by enabling improved conversion of variable to fixed frequency power.
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Power Converter For Wind Turbine Application: of PO Idaho
This document proposes a new power converter design for connecting variable speed wind turbines to electrical grids or loads. The converter only uses one bridge of active devices, half as many as conventional dc link converters. It uses an innovative modulation method to produce both variable frequency current from the generator and fixed frequency current for the grid. A zero sequence filter separates these currents so variable speed power can be provided to a single phase load through the filter. Simulation and preliminary experimental results showed the converter operates stably and meets harmonic standards while allowing optimized power capture from variable speed wind turbines. The design has applications for small power facilities and utilities by enabling improved conversion of variable to fixed frequency power.
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Power Converter for Wind Turbine Application
Herbert L. Hess** Noor A. Abdul Melek " r d Muljadi University of Idaho National Renewable Energy Laboratory PO Box 441023 1617 Cole Boulevard Moscow, Idaho, USA Golden,Colorado eduard.mul-iadi@,nrel.gov hhess@,uidaho.edu 208 885 4343 303-384-6904 208 8857579FAX 303-384-6901 Variable speed wind turbines are known to provide more effective power capture than their fixed-speed counterparts. In general, the optimum power capture increases with increasing wind speed [l]. To generate electrical power over a wide range of speeds, induction generators have been shown to be superior in many ways to dc generators: efficiency, maintainability, power density, etc.[2]. Unfortunately, loads are typically fixed-frequency. A power electronic converter enables efficient conversion of the variable frequency output of an induction generator, driven by a variable speed wind turbine, to a fixed frequency appropriate for the grid or a load. The conventional converter topology for this task is the well-known dc link converter [2]. It converts energy fiom the induction machine's variable-frequency output to dc and then independently modulates a fixed-frequency ac compatible with the utility grid. The induction generator requires reactive power from the converter. Hence, both rectifier and inverter must be composed of active devices[3]. The power converter proposed in this investigation [4] differs fiom the conventional dc link converter in three important ways: 1) It has only one bridge, composed of active devices. Consequently, the converter has only half the switching devices of the conventional dc link converter. Compared to many dc link converters, it may have half the controller hardware as well, 2) It has a unique modulation algorithm.. 3) It has a simple filter to capture energy produced by the system and to transfer that energy to the grid or a load. Both modulation and filter are described in the next paragraph. The heart of this proposal is its innovative modulation method. The converter can be modulated intentionally to produce current at more than one operating frequency [5]. Instead of the conventional practice of modulating the converter with a single dominant current [6] (ignoring the harmonic issues for this discussion), the converter at hand is modulated to produce a unique unbalanced combination of ac currents. One current component in the converter is modulated at a variable frequency, positive sequence current, appropriate for the generator. Its frequency is controlled to maintain a slip frequency on the induction generator that gives optimum power output. The other current component in the converter is a futed frequency, e.g., 60 Hertz, zero sequence current. If the induction generator has no neutral connection, then zero sequence current will not flow in the generator [7]. A zero sequence filter, connected directly in parallel with the induction generator, collects this current. The filter can be as simple as starconnected inductors or can be based on a zigzag transformer, for example. A zigzag transformer naturally blocks positive sequence current while allowing zero sequence current to be collected at its neutral point[8]. Therefore, a single phase load can be supplied when connected between filter's neutral point and the center point of the
0-7803-6420-1/00/$10.00 ( c ) 2000 IEEE
1275
converters split dc bus. If DC / AC Three Phase Induction Converter the single phase load is Generator and Wind Turbine I I active, the power factor can be modulated arbitrarily. Simulation of this system indicates that it operates in a stable fashion, providing power at an arbitrary power factor to an active single phase load. Current Bus harmonics are within IEEE 519 standards [9]. Operation can be optimized for a variable speed wind turbine. Basic aspects of the system Single Phase Load 60 Hz have also been experimentally verified. The system provides = current to a single phase Figure 1 load from an induction Diagram of Proposed Power Converter generator operating at an arbitrary speed. Results of both simulation and experimental work will be presented at the conference. This work primarily influences the capital cost of operating a small generation facility, but offers little energy savings when compared to a conventional methods and topologies. However, the proposed converter has other important application advantages. The converter itself is bidirectional, meaning that it can also convert variable frequency single phase to variable fiequency positive (or negative) sequence three phase [lo]. This has important possibilities for utilities in the Western USA, who could benefit from a better single-phase to three-phase converter. The converter also possesses the capability to convert dc, at its dc bus, to three phase positive sequence and single phase at different frequencies and at different power output levels simultaneously. This has interesting possibilities for photovoltaic and fuel cell systems.
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References [l] P. Gipe, Wind Enerw Comes of Age (Vermont: Chelsea Green Publications, 1996). S . Heier, Grid Integration OfWind Enerw Conversion Svstems, (New York Wiley, 1998), chap 6. [3] J.M.D. Murphy and F.G. Turnbull, Power Electronic Control of AC Motors (New York Pergamon, 1988), chap 4. [4] E. Muuadi, Variable Speed Wind Turbine Generator with Zero Sequence Filter, US Patent No. 5798632,25 August 1998. [5] M Depenbrock, Pulsewidth Control Of A 3-Phase Inverter With Nonsinusoidal Phase Voltages, LEEE IAS International SemiconductorPower Converter Conference,Orlando, Florida, pp.389-398. [6] C.D. Schauder and R Caddy, Current Control of Voltage Source Inverters for Fast Four-Quadrant Drive Performance, IEEE Transactionson Indus@ Applicutions, IA-22,4, JulylAugust 1986,pp. 678-690. [A D.W. Novotny and T.A. Lipo, Vector Control and Dvnamics of AC Drives (New York: Oxford, 1996) p. 61. [8] 0 Elgerd, Electric Enerev Svstems Theory (New York McGraw-Hill, 1982), p. 453-454. . [9] IEEE Standard 519, Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems, ANSI/IEEEStan&d 519-1992 (IEEE: New York, 1992). [IO] P.Wood, Switching Power Converters (New York Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1981,chap 4.
