Experience of Ojt

Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS

Basa Palmayo Campus, Floridablanca, Pampanga
Institute of Engineering and Technology
EFFECTS OF ONLINE LEARNING ON STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
A thesis Presented to
The Faculty of the

Basa Air Base Campus, Floridablanca Pampanga
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Aircraft Maintenance Technology
ANGELES, BRANDO
CALLEJO, KURT ROLLENS R.
DEL CASTILLO, GLEN
DUCUS, KEVIN CARLO E.
TAN, CLARK KENT
i
APPROVAL SHEET
THIS UNDERGRADUATE THESIS ENTITLED EFFECTS OF

ONLINE LEARNING ON STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN GENERAL
MATHEMATICS PREPARED AND SUBMITTED BY BRANDO ANGELES,
KURT ROLLENS CALLEJO, GLEN DEL CASTILLO, KEVIN CARLO
DUCUS, AND CLARK KENT TAN IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE AND TECHNOLOGY HAD BEEN REVIEWED
BY THE UNDERSIGNED AND READY FOR FINAL DEFENSE.
ENGR. RAYMOND NIÑO T. MIRANDA

ADVISER
______________________________________________________________
APPROVED BY THE RESEARCH PANEL OF EXAMINERS WITH A

GRADE OF _____
PROF. FELIX L. ALEGADO MR. JEFFERSON CLARIZA, MEAM

MEMBER MEMBER
ENGR. JUSTINE S. ROMAN

CHAIRMAN
______________________________________________________________
ACCEPTED AND APPROVED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE AND TECHNOLOGY.
ASST. PROF. KEVIN C. VALENZUELA, MEAM

COORDINATOR
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers express their sincerest gratitude for the unwavering
support and assistance provided by their thesis adviser, Engr. Raymond Niño
T. Miranda, and thesis professor, Ma’am Ludivina Cunanan, together with
every panel member and validator who had invested time and patience for the
betterment of this paper. Without these professionals’ guidance and insightful
comments and suggestions, it could not have been possible for the
researchers to accomplish a successful study like this.
The researchers will be forever indebted to the participants for
agreeing to share their perceptions. Their cooperation and testimonies are an
outstanding contribution and the core foundation of this study.
To their parents, who never doubted but instead unceasingly supported
the researchers on their financial and moral needs; to their peers, whose
mere presence became the researchers’ source of encouragement and
enthusiasm; to God, who gave the investigators strength and abilities, the
researchers genuinely thank everyone for making this thesis a meaningful
experience.
The Researchers
iii
ABSTRACT
The impact of the global pandemic has reached the educational aspect
of every country, leading to alternative learning modalities such as the
distanced online learning. In accordance to quarantine restrictions due to the
pandemic, the students continued their studies virtually at the comforts of their
homes. The students faced many challenges regarding this new online
learning setup, but in order to continue their studies, they had to adapt. This
qualitative study used the Narrative Research Design the effects of online
learning to the general mathematics performance of students. The
researchers conducted a semi-structured interview with 15 participants from
PHILSCA Major in Aircraft Maintenance Technology. Using Thematic Analysis,
the researchers found that participants prefer the traditional face to face
classes over online classes. The participants expressed difficulties in online
learning while the majority’s general mathematics performance is affected.
One of the prevalent challenges cited by the participants is the internet
connectivity. The lack of interaction, noises and distractions, and
complacency are also mentioned. Nevertheless, the participants employed
strategies of their own to counter these challenges, such as watching
educational videos, group reviews. These strategies were proven effective by
the participants. However, one of their recommendations is a recorded
discussion, and as for fellow students, to help each other. In conclusion,
online learning has no significant effects on the students’ general
mathematics performance. The students followed through though the subject
is detrimental to their chosen profession.
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page………….………………………………………..…………………. i
Approval Sheet………………………………………..…………….…………ii
Acknowledgement………………..…………….…………………..….……...iii
Abstract……………………………………..…………..…….……..….……...iv
Chapter I: The Problem and Its Settings

Introduction……………………..………………………….…….….1
Background of the Study ……………………………..……..…….3
Statement of the Problem……………………………………..…...4
Hypothesis………………………………………………………...…4
Significance of the Study….……………………….………...…….5
Scope and Limitation Study……………………………….……….6
Conceptual Framework…………………………..………………...6
Definition of Terms……………………………………...................8
Chapter II: Materials and Methods

Research Design………………………………………………….....9
Participants of the Study……………………………………………10
Data Gathering Instrument………………………………..…….....10
Validation of Instrument……………………………..……………...11
Data Analysis………………………………………………………...11
Data Gathering Procedure……………………………………….....11
Chapter III: Results and Discussions…………………………………...13
Chapter IV: Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations

Summary of Findings………………………………………………..49
Conclusions……………………………..……………………..……..51
Recommendations…………………………………………….……..52
References………..………………………………………....……………...53
Appendices…………………………………………………………………..55
v
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX PAGE
APPENDIX A…………………………………………………….56
APPENDIX B………………………………………………….....58
APPENDIX C……………………………………………….……59
APPENDIX D…………………………………………………….68
vi
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS
INTRODUCTION
In 2020, COVID-19’s impact has influenced almost every aspect of life,

but teaching and learning were both particularly affected. The COVID-19
pandemic effects altered the modality of teaching and learning education
environment globally. In response to the pandemic, the higher education
institutions came up with altered teaching modalities that falls into one of the
three groups. (Hodges, Moore, Lockee, Trust, & Bond, 2020; Smalley, 2020):
The application of social distancing in accordance of maintaining in-person
classes applications, Developing hybrid models of teaching (Limiting the
number of students that can access campus, The use of blended learning),
and lastly the use of online concepts for the learning of the students to carry
out their studies at home. Countrywide lockdowns are applied, and attending
classes at home became a norm, with some courses switching entirely to the
online instruction or online-based learning (Davies, 2020). Most countries
worldwide, in a matter of nearly two months, educational institutions have
been temporarily closed due to the precaution measures for stopping the
spreading of the COVID-19 pandemic (UNESCO2020). These lockdowns
have greatly impacted on more than 1.2 billion students. In the Philippines,
over 28 million students are affected.
In response to quarantines and lockdowns, several nations have come
with the encouragement for teachers and students to learn, study, and work at
a home basis which in a way of online learning platforms (Crawford et al.,
2020). Remote online learning, in which blends the synchronous and
asynchronous activities, has been adapted by DLSU. (De La Salle University,
2020).
Online learning or E-learning occurs via Powerpoint presentations,
videos, and other digital media. Interactive images, group collaboration might
improve the standard of teaching and learning (Islam, Beer and Slack, 2015).
1
E-learning enables the reduced cost of education while enhancing the

quality of giving instruction and learning (Songkram, 2015). In addition, online
learning may give students the benefit of free time to engage to other
activities (Aparicio, Bacao, and 2016 Oliveir). The flexibility of online learning,
allows the students to attend sessions of classes wherever they are
(Songkram et al., 2015).
In the Philippine, challenges of online classes study revealed a conflict
regarding the strength of internet connections among Filipino students
(Santos, 2020). Due to the circumstances caused by the pandemic, all
educational institutions resorted to distanced learning, considering the factor
of weak internet connections resulted to an increase of weak internet
consumption, thus, hindering students to an effective online learning. For an
instance, a cross sectional study conducted in the country dealing a report of
survey’s findings that shows a struggle among Filipino students adjusting or
adapting to a new learning methods and the lack of access to reliable internet
respectively access (Baticulonetal., 2020).
Lack of technological knowledge and lack of ability to engage in digital
learning also creates a ripple towards an effective communication with
teachers, it is one of the significant effect of online learning (Zhong, 2020).
The absence of directly socializing with other students and friends often lacks
in the digital learning modality of the real time exchanging of knowledge,
information, and ideas (Britt, 2006). A reduction in academic performance,
lack of student engagement has been linked to poor performance in both
online and in person courses. There must be engagement in which learning
methods and the effectiveness of faculty and students interactions the
elements must have a strong correlation (Dumford& Miller, 2018).
In mathematics performance of students believe that they will perform
worse in arithmetic in an online course than in a face to face setting,
according to student perception of prior to their grades. At the end of the
semester this apparent academic achievement may be a result of the new
2
learning environment unfamiliarity (Daniel, 2020; Fabito et al., 2021; Murphy,

2020) and they may feel it undesirable (Aguilera-Hermida, 2020).
Most of students struggle and finds mathematics hard and vexing
subject, especially those in the field of mathematical subfields. In General
information, any field of profession can benefit from math. In aviation in
particular math can explain measurement, space, and numbers may indeed
be explained are crucial when flying an aircraft. Math may give assistance in
data analysis, calculate rational decisions and problem solving for a predicted
outcome. This research focused on the general mathematics in teaching
Aircraft Maintenance Technology students of Philippine State College of
Aeronautics. This study aims to seek what are the effects of Online Learning
on Students performance in general mathematics teaching and learning
approach in online classes.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Mathematics is a common subject that has been taught ever since,

starting with the basics like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
This subject is one of the major subjects in school no matter what level
students are because mathematics is applicable in everyday living. That is
why it is taught to children while they are young.
Everywhere uses mathematics on a daily basis like buying foods,
computing the time, computing your allowance, and etc. A students
confidence in learning mathematics is always based on how he or she will be
able to cope up and follow through the topics that will be discussed to them by
their teachers or professors. Students that engage their selves into learning
mathematics tend to learn more and expand their knowledge on how
applicable mathematics is in real life; but of course not everyone is able to
understand it right away when it is tackled and sometimes, because of the fact
that some students cannot understand the topic, they lose their confidence
and tend to fail the subject.
3
One of the important subjects that need to be learned by aviation

students is general mathematics. It does not only help the students on their
normal daily living but it is important because it is useful when they are on the
aviation field in the future. Learning general mathematics is tricky and
sometimes hard for some students especially when the problems given are
difficult. Following the instructions of your professor is not the only way on
how a student can keep up with the topic or subject.
This study aims to recognize the ways on how the students cope up to
the topics of general mathematics while still on online learning and also aims
to know how the coping techniques of the students will be applied on the face
to face classes.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study aims to learn and identify the effects of online learning on
the students’ performance in general mathematics, specifically the Aircraft
Maintenance and Technology students of Philippine State College of
Aeronautics Basa, Palmayo Campus. It aims to answer the following:
1. What are the effects of Online Learning on students’ performance in
general mathematics?
2. What are the challenges encountered by the participants in learning
general mathematics online?
3. What are the ways that Aircraft Maintenance and Technology students do
to cope with general mathematics in spite of the effects?
4. How can this study help the future Aircraft Maintenance and Technology
students of the Philippine State College of Aeronautics?
HYPOTHESIS
There is no significant relationship between Aircraft Maintenance and

Technology students’ mathematics performance and online learning.
4
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings of this study may help to provide benefits for the following;
CURRICULUM PLANNER. This result of the study will help them appraise
the existing programs in terms of the student’s needs and abilities to make
changes as required.
STUDENTS. The result of this study can be useful to the students to guide
them on how to perform better in general mathematics with the help of
technology and the internet. This integration of technology and the internet in
the teaching and learning process of general mathematics can give an impact
that will lead to the betterment of the student's performance in this subject. In
addition, this study can provide another door of opportunity to help the
students to improve their skills in learning the content of the subject.
TEACHERS. The findings of this study may help the teachers to widen the
horizon of teaching approaches, methods, strategies, and techniques applied
in teaching general mathematics and are able to supply all the needs of the
students. Furthermore, distanced learning like online learning can be crucial
on the part of the students especially if they are not well guided by the teacher.
Thus, this study pave way to understand the situation of online learning
affecting the performance of the students in general mathematics and be able
to adjust the different teaching styles just to cope with the new teaching and
learning process.
SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS. This study can be helpful to the school
administrators to identify the needs of the students in the subject of general
mathematics so, they can select experts/ identify resource speakers that can
be suited to the position and provide meaningful learning in this subject.
FUTURE RESEARCHERS. The findings of this study can be used as
reference for the future researches related to the effect of online learning on
students' performance in general mathematics. Also, this study is open for
5
further research to go and arrive in a deeper result that can be useful to every
student, teacher, school administrator, and researcher.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION STUDY
This research assessed how online learning affects students'

performance in general mathematics for the aviation industry.
Determining the factors affecting of effects of online learning on
students' performance in Group of General Mathematics in other courses like
Aircraft Maintenance Technology was the focus of this research at Philippine
State College of Aeronautics. The information needed will be gathered using
the semi-structured guide questions. All information and conclusions drawn
from this duty were obtained only from participants qualified with the criteria
the researchers provided.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Figure 1, shows the description of how the present study was

constructed. The main basis of the conceptual framework utilized is the IPO
Model which is the INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT. The researchers adopted the
concept to gain a better understanding of the carried out research.
The input consists of the variables from the statement of the problem,
and these variables are the following; (1) What are the effects of Online
Learning on students’ performance in general mathematics? (2) 1. What are
the challenges encountered by the participants in learning general
mathematics online? (3) What are the ways that AMT students do to cope
with general mathematics in spite of the effects? (4) How can this study help
the future Aircraft Maintenance and Technology students of the Philippine
State College of Aeronautics?
6
Throughout the course of the process, data was compiled through the
utilization of online questionnaires as well as interviews. By getting
information from different sources, the researchers will be able to validate and
cross-check their findings.
The final step needed in the study is the output. The output contains
the results and findings from the input and process. It consists of evaluation
and recommendations that the researchers will recommend to the students
that will impact their performance in online learning.
Input Process Output
1. What are the 1. Data Gathering 1. Analysis of
effects of Online
Learning on 2.Administration data collected to
students’
performance in and retrieval of determine the
general interview advantages and
mathematics?
questionnaire disadvantages of
2. What are the
challenges 3. Validation online learning.
encountered by the 4. Evaluation
participants in
learning general 2.
mathematics online?
Recommendation
3. What are the
ways that Aircraft on how Aircraft
Maintenance and Maintenance and
Technology students
do to cope with Technology
general
mathematics in spite students should
of the effects? deal with the
4. How can this demands of
study help the future
Aircraft Maintenance online learning,
and Technology
students of the despite the
Philippine State positive and
College of
Aeronautics? negative effects.
Figure 1 Paradigm of the Study
7
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Aviation - is the activity related to airplane manufacturing and mechanical

flight.
Academic Performance - is a way to gauge students' progress in all
academic subjects.
Aircraft Maintenance - is the execution of duties necessary to maintain an
aircraft's airworthiness, such as overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect
correction, and the incorporation of modifications, in accordance with
airworthiness requirements.
COVID 19 - is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Digital Learning - is any form of education that incorporates technology into
the learning process or instructional strategies. It includes the use of a variety
of techniques, such as blended learning and online education.
Mathematics - is a study of numbers and operations, generalizations,
combinations, and a structure of configurations.
Online Learning - refers to a learning environment that manages academic
programs and delivers synchronous and asynchronous instruction using the
Internet and other technology technologies.
Pandemic - is a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease that affects a
significant number of people and has spread to several different continents or
the entire planet.
Technological Knowledge - This explains teachers' familiarity with and
proficiency with a range of technologies, technical tools, and related
resources.
8
CHAPTER II
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This specific chapter aims to introduce and explain more about the
topic of the thesis. This chapter consists of research design, participants of
the study, data gathering instrument, validation of instrument and data
gathering procedure that will help the researchers to gather enough
information and make it possible to achieve the goal of this research.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The researchers aim to see the overall effectiveness of online learning

on students' performance in general mathematics. In order to determine its
impact, the researchers will conduct a qualitative method in the study. In
qualitative research, non-numerical data are gathered and analyze to better
comprehend ideas, viewpoints, or experiences. It can be utilized to uncover
intricate details about a situation or to spark fresh study concepts (Bhandari,
2020). To further explain and gather appropriate data, a descriptive design will
be used for the study.
According to McCombes (2022), a Descriptive Research Design can

study one or more variables using various research techniques. It seeks to
methodically and accurately characterize a population, circumstance, or
phenomenon. What, where, when, and how inquiries can be answered, the
reason why this design will be used since the researchers want to identify the
occurrences, traits, or patterns of every student regarding having online
learning in an general mathematics class.
Since this study will be conducted through a descriptive approach, the

researchers will gather materials needed to be able to create a suitable guide
questions that will be equipped into gathering the student's responses.
9
PARTICIPANTS OF THE STUDY
The researchers chose students enrolled in the Bachelor of Science in

Aircraft Maintenance and Technology program at the Philippine State College
of Aeronautics, Basa, Palmayo Campus. The 15 participants can be either
male of female ranging from ages 18-21, from 2nd to 4th year levels. The
researchers will choose 5 participants from each year level mentioned. The
researchers used criterion sampling to purposively choose participants that
would contribute significant experiences and insights to the study:
a. Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Basa, Palmayo Campus
student
b. Major in Bachelor of Science in Aircraft Maintenance and
Technology
c. Male or Female
d. Ages 18-21
DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT
The researchers used Semi-Structured Guide Questions as an

instrument for the interview as the primary source of data. The semi-
structured guide questions were validated before proceeding with the
interviews.
The semi-structured guide questions will successively gather data on
how online learning impacts the students’ performance in General
Mathematics. Probing questions are also posed to gather more information
and for the purpose of clarity to avoid misinterpretation.
10
VALIDATION OF INSTRUMENT
To ensure the reliability of the instrument, researchers planned to

consult an evaluator from the Philippine State College of Aeronautics Basa
Palmayo Campus who provides instructions, comments, or recommendation
to enhance the instrument’s structure and ensure the validity of the instrument
or verify the instrument reliability.
The semi-structured guide questions were forwarded to the adviser to

check for any corrections or suggestions to make a better outcome for the
said questions. After it was examined carefully by the adviser, the researcher
makes a final draft of the guide questions.
DATA ANALYSIS
Thematic Analysis was utilized by the researchers to generate findings

from the acquired data. Thematic analysis is a qualitative analytic approach
that is used to detect, analyze, and report on repeating patterns (themes) in
data. It organizes and summarizes the data set in great detail. It frequently
goes beyond this, interpreting many facets of the research issue (Braun &
Clark, 2006). A theme represents some predictable response or meaning
within the data collection and captures the data related to the study topic.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
The Semi-structured Interview Guide Questions were utilized to collect

data in this study. A semi-structured interview, according to Doyle (2020),
does not strictly follow the list of questions, and it facilitates a two-way
interaction between the interviewer and the participant; both can ask
questions, allowing for a complete discussion of the issue. The interviewer
asks more open-ended questions that cannot be replied with a simple "yes" or
11
"no," allowing participants to convey their thoughts, views, outlook, and

opinions about the subject. This style of interview focuses on participants
collecting data on the topic; the interviewer then asks follow-up questions to
acquire a more in-depth knowledge.
Before conducting the interview, the researchers asked for the

participants’ consent to record the interview to be used on the analysis. The
identity, and the contents of the recorded interview will be treated with utmost
confidentiality to protect the interests of the participants.
Microsoft Apps was used to check, categorize, tabulate, and analyze

the data collected from completed interviews in accordance with the research
design described in this chapter. The data were then ready for presentation to
experts in various fields of specialization.
12
CHAPTER III
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter presents the findings and analysis following the sequence
of the specific problems of the study.
1. Online Learning on Students’ Performance in General Mathematics
Due to the impact of the COVID-19, the educational sector decided to

employ a distanced learning modality through online/virtual learning. The aim
is to continue the learning process despite the countrywide lockdowns and
quarantines to ensure the safety of the population. The online-based learning
makes use of online platforms and applications to supplement the traditional
instructional methods and instructional materials. The use of Google Meet or
Zoom was employed to meet the students and discuss the lessons, while also
using Powerpoint Presentations or the like, as the instructional material. This
goes to say that this virtual set-up heavily relies on gadgets and internet data
connections to continue online learning.
Consequently, this resulted in an even weaker internet connection in
the Philippines due to the higher demand of internet data consumption. Hence,
the internet connection is the primary adversary of students in online learning.
This challenge would hinder students in attending classes, understanding the
lesson, passing requirements, or in progressing in the class. In this section,
the participants expressed their learning experiences, and on their
experiences on learning general mathematics specifically.
Theme No. 1 Student’s Online Learning Experiences
The participants expressed difficulties in learning the lessons through

online lessons. The difficulties regarding their learning devices, internet
connections, and little to no interaction with the teachers/instructors.
13
P2. - “Mahirap sa mahirap lalo na pagka mahina yung

data mo o kaya one bar ka lang tapos maghahanap ka
pa ng signal minsan napupunta kana sa bubong para
maghanap ng malakas na internet.”
(It's very difficult, especially when your data is weak or

you're only one bar away and then you have to look for a
signal, sometimes you go to the roof to look for a strong
internet connection.)
P3. - “Ineffective sya sakin kasi po talagang mahirap kasi

po pag online classes hindi kayo nakakapag interact
masyado sa mga prof.”
(For me, it's ineffective because it's really difficult since

with online classes, you don't get to interact much with
the professors.)
P5. - “Mahirap para sa akin kasi maraming adjustments

na kailangang gawin and maraming factors na
nakakaapekto para sa learning ng isang estudyante.”
(It's difficult for me because there are a lot of

adjustments that need to be made and many factors that
affect a student's learning.)
P11. - “Bali sa online learning experience mas ano, mas

nagging parang medyo mahirap magintindi kasi yun nga
parang medyo, ako kasi personally parang visual learner
parang ganun.”
14
(In contrast to the online learning experience, it seems a

bit more difficult to understand because I, personally, am
a visual learner. Something like that.)
Theme No. 2 Students’ Preference of Learning Modality
Majority of the participants can not help but to compare the traditional
face-to-face setup to online learning. The comparison came from their
adjustment for the new learning modality, deeming it more difficult than the
accustomed traditional learning mode. To be more specific, the participants
are not only comparing it, they choose one over the other - and that is the
face-to-face classroom setup.
P8. - “I am favoring face to face classes more talaga

since there are skills that cannot be learned online.”
(I am favoring face to face classes more since there are

skills that cannot be learned online.)
P9.- “To be honest, mas better talaga onsite learning

kaysa sa online learning.”
(To be honest, onsite learning is actually better than

online learning.)
P10. - “ I prefer the f2f class because you will be able to

learn easily and apply it. Lalo na yung course ko is more
on practical and more research regards in planning and
innovating.”
(I prefer the face-to-face class because you will be able
to learn and apply it more quickly, especially because my
15
course is more on the practical and more about research

in terms of planning and innovating.)
P12. - “Bilang icocompare sa face to face classes yung

learning ah di siya ganun ka okay para sa akin.”
(As compared to face to face classes, the learning is not

that okay for me.)
P13. - “Mas mahirap compared sa face to face kasi

daming mga uhm adjustment na nangyari lalo na sa mga
prof na hindi naman masyadong techy, ganun.”
(It's more difficult compared to face to face because

there are a lot of uhm adjustments that happened
especially with the profs who aren't very techy.)
P14. - “ Mas mahirap nga lang yung online kesa sa

face-to-face.”
(Online is more difficult than face-to- face.)
Theme No. 3 Students’ General Mathematics Performance in Online

Learning
In terms of the student’s performance in General Mathematics in online

learning, the students expressed difficulties as well. The participants cited
once again their favor in learning modality. Some participants experienced low
grades due to the online setup, due to the lack of interaction with the
instructor. However, there are participants to whom did not experience
16
changes in their performance in general mathematics even after switching into

online modality.
P1.- “Pag math parang mas okay sakin na face to face

so nung online na parang ang hirap niyang maintindihan
or ma-gets kaagad kasi mas maganda sana kung
makakausap mo kaagad yung prof.”
(When it comes to math, I think it's better to do it face to

face because when it's done online, it seems like it's
hard to understand or get it right away, it would be better
if you could talk to the professor.)
P2.- “Ang naging epekto nun nung online learning ayun

nung una mababa yung mga grades ko kasi nga parang
di ako makasabay tapos nung nakapag adjust ako yun.”
(The effect of online learning was that at first, my grades

were low because it seemed like I couldn't keep up, but
eventually I was able to make adjustments.)
P6.- “There have been instances kasi where simply

reading about the solution in a book or online is not
enough to fully understand the process of solving a
problem. There are also many cases where students are
too shy to reach out to their professors online when they
don't understand a particular topic.”
17
(There have been instances where simply reading about

the solution in a book or online is not enough to fully
understand the process of solving a problem. There are
also many cases where students are too shy to reach out
to their professors online when they don't understand a
particular topic.)
P9. - “Kung gaano kahirap ang general math, mas

difficult na siya intindihin lalo nung nag online learning.
(laughs) because it was more difficult to understand
math especially kapag hindi tutok yung mga profs.”
(As tough as general math is, understanding it has

gotten even more challenging, especially when learning
online!" (laughs) Considering how difficult it was to
comprehend Math, especially when the profs just weren't
focused.)
P10. - “ So yung performance ko is still the same. In

short, although online class I understand the lesson if the
lesson is easy.”
(My performance has not changed. In fact, if the lesson

is simple, I can comprehend it even in an online class.)
P13. - “Mahirap intindihin yung explanation ng prof kasi

imbis na kagaya ng face to face na makikita mo sa board
na sinosolve minsan yung ibang prof sa papel lang tapos
ang hirap makita sa cam.”
18
(It's difficult to grasp the professor's explanation since it's

not like the face-to-face interaction you see on the board,
where the other prof often solves just on paper, making it
difficult to see on cam.)
P15. - “Medyo nahihirapan kasi hindi ka makapag

interact sa prof at mga kaklase mo pero madali in terms
of pagpapasa ng mga activity.”
(It's a little challenging since you can't communicate with

the lecturer or your classmates, but it's simple in terms of
having to pass on the activities.)
However, it should be noted that there are participants to whom did not
experience changes in their performance in general mathematics even after
switching into online modality:
P3. - “Madali naman po yung gen math para sakin so it

comes easy naman po kahit papaano kahit po online
class po siya.”
(Even though it's an online class, I find general math to

be easy.)
P7. - “Learning experience was faster since I can search

for things I'm confused about online really quickly.”
P8. - “ Not much? Uhmm, my knowledge kasi in general

mathematics is used in my higher level classes.”
19
(Not much? Uhmm, because my knowledge in general

mathematics is used in my higher level classes.)
P11. - “ Ah effects ng online learning, ah sa grades

naman kung baga di naman siya gaano ganun
naapektuhan diba kahit paano naman nakakasunod
naman kasi so medyo parang wala naman gaano
kinaiba.”
(Ah, the impacts of online learning, ah, as for the grades,

perhaps it wasn't so affected, right? I was able to follow,
thus there doesn't appear to be much of a difference.)
2. Students’ Challenges in Learning General Mathematics Online
The sudden change of learning modality is challenging for the school

community, while adjusting into a virtual classroom setup is not an easy feat
in itself, there are more challenges to be considered. As mentioned, due to
higher demands of internet data consumption, the connection became weaker
than usual, and more difficult than usual for others without Wi-Fi, and high tier
gadgets. In addition, due to the distanced online learning,the students lack the
interaction with their fellow students, and reaching out with their teachers is
much harder in an online setup. Consequently, being in the comforts of a
home in an online setup also has its disadvantages. These challenges may
cause a problem with a student’s motivation and academic performance,
specifically on General Mathematics.
20
Theme No. 1 Internet Connectivity
The main challenge faced by the participants is the internet

connectivity. The inconsistency of their connections is the cause of
disconnections in the middle of discussions, and experiencing lag that would
cause the participants to fall behind the lesson.
P1. - “Isa sa mga naencounter ko na challenges nung

online learning is minsan mahina yung signal tapos
dahil don nawawalan ka ng connection syempre tapos
di mo maintindihan yung tinuturo sayo nung professor
mo.”
(One of the challenges I have encountered in online

learning is that sometimes the signal is weak and then
because of that you lose the connection of course and
then you don't understand what your professor is
teaching you.)
P2. - “First yung internet connection and yung mas

mahirap sya kesa sa face-to-face.”
(The first is the internet connection, which is more

challenging than face-to-face.)
P4. - “Una yung poor connection and mahirap kasi kapag

napag iiwanan ka sa topic.”
(The first issue is a bad connection, which is difficult

when you are off the subject.)
21
P7. - “Madami, eh. Power outage, internet connection

problems, website crashes, yung mga ganon, those are
some of the challenges I have encountered.”
(A lot, actually. Power outages, internet connection

issues, website breakdowns, and other difficulties. Those
are some of the challenges I have encountered.)
P9. - “Ano, one of the challenges talaga is the internet.

Because ano, that is really one of the problems sa online
learning. Internet connection is not always stable talaga,
ganon hehe.”
(One of the challenges is really the internet. Because,

you know, that is one of the issues with online learning.
The internet connection isn't always that stable, hehe.)
P10. - “ uhm, maybe poor internet connection, I think

lahat has a problem in the network or the net.”
(uhm, maybe the poor internet connection, I think

everyone has a problem in the network or the net.)
P13. - “Una syempre yung internet connection yung

naglalag ganyan.”
(The internet, of course, fails because it has always

lagged.)
22
Theme No. 2 Student and Teacher Interaction
A teacher’s role in a classroom setup is crucial for the student’s

learning acquisition. Weak internet connectivity is one of the challenges that
could also result in the student’s not following the lesson or discussion.
However, the lack of interaction with the teachers in the online setup is also a
detrimental setback for the students. In a traditional classroom setup, the
students would simply raise their hand to ask for a question, which the
teacher will then answer and clarify. This simple classroom interaction is
harder to replicate in a classroom setup. Furthermore, the students will not be
able to interact with their fellow students as well. Additionally, this goes the
same for the professor.
P2. - “Hindi ka makapag tanong sa mga prof like yung

mga questions mo tapos mahirap din sya lalo na kung
yung laptop mo nag-lag tapos na-late ka na sa klase
mo tapos naglo-loading parin siya.”
(You can't ask the professor your questions, it's

challenging especially if your laptop malfunctions and
you're late for class because it's still loading.)
P3. - “Gaya nga po ng sabi ko kanina kulang po sa

interactiveness, dun po talaga nag-start yung difficulties
kapag online classes po.”
(As I said earlier, there is a lack of interactiveness, that's

where the difficulties really start when it comes to online
classes.)
23
P7. - “Communication between student and teacher and

students and co-students were faster but not necessarily
efficient.”
P8. - “Another is uhm, yung little to no interactions with

the professors and classmates. Syempre kasi it is not
easy to discuss and consult with others.”
(Another is uhm, the little to no interactions with the

professors and classmates. Of course because it is not
easy to discuss and consult with others.)
P13. - “Lack of communication ng prof at ng mga

students kung wari bigla nalang may class ganun di
nakapag sabi ahead of time ganun tapos uhm yung pag
may mga questions di agad na sasagot ganun tapos ano
paba, tapos ayun lang siguro.”
(Lack of communication between professors and

students, there are times when there are unexpected
class sessions and they do not notify the students ahead
of time, then uhm, if there are questions, they do not
address them right away. Then what else, maybe that’s
it.)
P14. - “Siguro pag online minsan mahirap magtanong

ganon lalo na pag di stable yung internet ng prof o kaya
ng students yung interaction mas lalong nagiging malabo
or mahirap.”
24
(Maybe it is difficult to ask such questions online at times,

especially when the professor's internet connection is
unstable or the students are limited, making the
conversation more hazy or challenging.)
Theme No. 3 Noises and Distractions
In an online classroom setup, the students are able to continue

learning in the comforts of their homes. With this premise, one would think it
as an advantage for the student to focus more on their studies as there would
be no excuses for not attending the class, late submissions, and not being
motivated in learning. The participants however, expressed one of the
challenges they experienced inside their homes while learning online. Noises
and household chores distract them as well in learning and executing their
activities.
P4. - “Yung mga distractions tulad ng maingay or minsan

uutusan ka kahit na nago-online learning ka.”
(Even if you are performing online learning, you will face

distractions such as being noisy or being commanded.)
P6. - “Unang una is the noisy environment, kasi I get

easily distracted.”
(First of all is the noisy environment, because I get easily

distracted.)
P15 - “Madalas na prob ko pag online class ay yung

maingay na paligid at minsan mahina ang signal ng data
25
at minsan nagsasabay yung oras mo sa paglilinis ng

bahay at online class mo.”
(My issue with online classes is sometimes the loud

surroundings, and sometimes the data signal is weak,
and sometimes you have to clean the home and take an
online class at the same time.)
P5. - “Una sa lahat yung mga gawaing bahay and di ka

makapag aral ng maigi dahil dun at yung ano pa internet,
minsan mabagal at di nakiki-sama.”
(First and foremost, there is already housework, and you

can't study effectively because of it, and the internet,
which is often sluggish and doesn't operate well.)
Theme No. 4 Students’ Admission to Complacency and Demotivation
While adjusting with the new learning setup, the participants are made
aware with the changes in their performance and motivations. The
participants admitted that with the online learning, they became complacent
and lazy in terms of studying. With the challenges mentioned, as well as to
what was believed to be an advantage of online learning, which is studying at
home, now leads to demotivation and laziness of the learners.
P8.- “Asynchronous learning sometimes makes it difficult

to stay motivated and to keep up with the, uh, study
schedule.”
26
(Asynchronous learning sometimes makes it difficult to

stay motivated and to keep up with the, uh, study
schedule.)
P9. - “Mas difficult mag aral, syempre. Tsaka ano, I

became complacent. Ano siguro, I became lazy to the
point na naging kampante ako because I know na madali
lang pumasa kahit sa mga difficult subjects since online
learning lang naman, and that is a bad habit.”
(Of course, studying is harder. Besides, I became

complacent And also maybe, I became complacent
since I know it is simple to pass the difficult subjects
because it is merely online studying, and that is a bad
habit.)
P10. - “I think uhm, maybe it affects my study habits kasi

I became lazy. Tipong ano, I am not doing my best in
doing my activities. As long as natatapos ko siya, that’s
it.”
(I think uhm, maybe it affects my study habits because I

became lazy. Like, I am not doing my best in doing my
activities. As long as I finish them, then that's it.)
P13. - “Siguro yung ano, yung parang tinatamad ka

ganun, yung imbis na makinig ka mawawalan ka ng
gana makinig ganun. Ayun lang.”
(Maybe, it's like you're lazy, that instead of listening you'll

lose the desire to listen. That's it.)
27
Theme No. 5 Implication of Students’ Challenges to Academic

Performance
Due to the diverse situations and standings of the students, their

experiences are varied as well. Some participants are satisfied with their
academic performance in online learning, some would even say it was easier.
Despite the challenges cited, their grades remain unaffected. However, there
are some who are still struggling with their academic performance due to the
online learning modality.
P1. - “ So far naman po okay sya except lang talaga sa

ibang subject na hindi ko talaga magets.”
(So far, it's okay except for other subjects that I really
don't get.)
P3.- “Kung tutuusin po mas napadali siya nung online

classes not in terms of learning po mismo but in terms of
pagpasa ng mga activities kasi po yung mga deadines
mas madali po sya dahil nasa comfort naman po tayo ng
home natin.”
(In fact, it was simpler to pass the exercises in the online

classes since the deadlines were easier for us because
we were in the comfort of our own home.)
P4. - “Hindi naman sya ganon kalaki yung epekto ng

mga challenges na yun kasi may mga kaibigan naman
ako o classmates na nakakatulong kapag incase na may
hindi ako naiintindihan sa lesson, nakakapag group
study naman kami thru online.”
28
(The impact of such challenges is minimal since I have

friends or classmates that help me if I don't understand
something in the lesson, and we can do group study
online.)
P7. - “ Hmm,looking back, feel ko it did not really affect

my academic performance since yung mga instructors
can be quite understanding when valid reasons are, ano,
given.”
(Hmm, looking back, I feel like it did not really affect my

academic performance since the instructors can be quite
understanding when valid reasons are given.)
P12. - “Mga challenge na yun ah di naman siya masyado

naka-affect sa performance ko so nakakapag pasa
naman ako ng mga kailangan ipasa on time ayun
nakakapag ano naman nakakapag recite recite naman.”
(Those challenges didn't affect my performance, so I was

able to pass the ones that needed to be passed on time,
somehow I can answer in recitations.)
P2. - “Minsan namimiss ko yung ibang mga activities

tapos andaming kong missing tambak tapos parang di
ako gaanong nag excel kesa nung face to face.”
(Sometimes I miss the other activities, and then I have

activities that are marked as missing, and I don't appear
to excel as much as when I am face to face.)
29
P6. - “Ano, I would say na it made the learning

experience more challenging however it has contributed
to me learning how to adapt to situations.”
(I would say that it made the learning experience more

challenging, however it has contributed to me learning
how to adapt to situations.)
P11. - “Sa academic performance kung baga mas

nangay langan ako ng dagdag na time kasi nga may
time napag diko kaagad siya ma gets kung baga
syempre parang babalikan ko pa siya ulit aaralin kopa
ulit ng sarili ko unlike dati na parang magegets ko
kaagad pagka after palang ng lesson ng prof din.”
(In terms of academic performance, it appears that I

needed more time since there was a point when I could
not comprehend the lesson, and my instinct is to return
to him and study again on my own, unlike before when I
seemed to understand it right immediately after the
session.)
P15.- “Kung minsan mahirap makasunod sa topic dahil

may mga prog na mabilis magturo na parang hindi nila
natotopic ng mas malinaw yung inaaral namin.”
(Sometimes it's difficult to follow the topic since certain

professors teach rapidly as if they didn't make the topic
more clear on what we were trying to study.)
30
Theme No. 6 Implication of Challenges to Students’ General Mathematics

Performance
In terms of the participants’ performance in General Mathematics, they

expressed the subject’s difficulty once again. This implies that the students
are struggling with the subject in online learning, and it has caused them low
grades. In consideration of the challenges aforementioned, it has affected
their performance as well in studying general mathematics in online learning.
P1. - “50/50 parang minsan kasi madali yung topic eh so

okay minsan din hindi dipende na lang din po kasi sa
pagtuturo ng mga prof kaya alam ko na talagang
nahirapan ako sa online lalo na kung tungkol sa math.”
(It's like 50/50 sometimes because the topic is easy,

making it okay but sometimes it isn't, it depends on the
teaching of the professors. However, I know that I really
struggled online especially when it comes to Math.)
P5.- “Syempre mahirap, solving kasi yung math and

kailangan mo ng matinding focus talaga sa subject na
yun.”
(Of course it's difficult, because Math requires solving

and you really need a lot of focus on that subject.”)
P9. - “Uhm, low grades syempre. Also, I could not ano,

understand the topics in mathematics even more.”
(Uhm, low grades of course. Also, I could not understand

the topics in mathematics even more.)
31
P11. - “Sa performance sa gen math bale ayun ng

parang mas nadagdagan yung parang workload para sa
student kasi need pa uli mag aral ng parang times two
yung pag aaral mo sa subject na yun at sa lesson na yun”
(In terms of performance in gen math, it doesn't matter if

it seems like the workload for the student has increased
because you need to study twice as much in that subject
and in that lesson.)
P15. - “Kung minsan kailangan ko mag self study dahil

sa hindi ako makapag focus kapag may mga hindrance
sa paligid ko at kung minsan parang naiiwan ka.”
(Sometimes I have to self study because I can't focus

when there are hindrances around me and sometimes it
feels like you're left behind.)
P14. - “Siguro ano mas natatagalan akong maintindihan

yung mga lessons ko, kailangan ko pa sya ireview ng
ireview bago ko ulit maintindihan.”
(Perhaps it is taking me longer to learn my lessons

because I have to go over them again and again before I
understand them.)
In light of this, two participants are satisfied with the

performance in general mathematics through online learning.
32
P8. - “ Improved, ganern. Since I have more time to

study and practice yung mga problem solving.
(Improved, like that. Since I have more time to study and

practice problem solving.)
P7. - “Katulad lang din sa sinabi ko kanina laughs, na it

did not really affect my performance that much even in
general mathematics. Yung mga ano lang siguro, uhm,
delays in submission, reviewing, meeting or watching
would be the only negative effects I have experienced.”
(It didn't actually affect my performance that much, even

in general mathematics, according to what I said. The
only bad impacts I've noticed are delays in submitting,
reviewing, meeting, or watching.)
3. Students’ Coping Strategies in Learning General Mathematics Online
In spite of the challenges cited by the participants, they have their own
strategies that they employ to help improve their general mathematics
performance. The participant’s coping strategies are convenient and in line
with the challenges they also mentioned. Being unable to understand or
comprehend the lessons well, they make use of the internet to search for
video contents as a review to the previous lessons. Though remote and
unable to physically gather, the students with their classmates review online
and help each other out. These strategies would also help others improve
their academic performance.
33
Theme No. 1 Online Video Tutorials
The participants take advantage of the accessibility of information

online, and their internet connection by searching for online video tutorials to
help them comprehend better at their own pace. This shows resourcefulness
from the participants, as well as motivation to learn the lesson by watching
educational videos even after school hours. The participants also use this
opportunity to practice solving.
P2. - “Yung sa gen math kasi ang ginagawa ko dun

kunware namiss ko yung klase naghahanap nalang ako
ng tutorial sa youtube and madalas talagang
napapanood minsan di mo na maintindihan yung
lengwahe nila dahil madalas indiano yung nage-
explain. Tapos meron din naman mga tagalog yung
mga yun nakakatulong sakin yun kasi.”
(The one in gen math because that's what I'm doing,

pretending I missed the class, I'm just looking for a
tutorial on YouTube and often watch it. Sometimes you
don't understand their language because it's often an
Indian who explains. Then there is also Tagalog, which
helps me.)
P3. - “Yung challenges naman po na ganto is yung

kakulangan sa interactiveness, marami naman po tayo
pwedeng gawin na techniques para ma-overcome po
natin ito like yung pagkuha po ng sources gaya ng
youtube or google or pwede rin po madali po I-pm yung
mga instructor.”
34
(The challenges include a lack of interaction. There are

numerous strategies we may use to combat this, such as
obtaining sources such as YouTube or Google, or it is
very simple to PM the instructor.)
P5.- “Isa sa coping strategy ko yung panonood ng mga

topic sa youtube, ganon.”
(One of my coping strategies is watching topics on

YouTube, something like that.)
P6. - “ Hmm, unang una yung time management, and uh,

I explore new ways of studying like in youtube ganon,
tapos studying techniques para kunyari ay masipag mag
aral.”
(Hmm, first is time management, and uh, I try out various

means of studying, such as on YouTube, and then
studying strategies to make me appear to study hard.)
P11. - “Uhm may times na nagttry na lang din ako

manood ng mga youtube videos ganyan then para
maaral then magt-try ng mga examples na nasa modules
para ma-practice, ganon.”
(Uhm, there are times when I just try to learn by watching

YouTube videos like that and then practicing with the
examples in the modules.)
35
Theme No. 2 Self/Group Review
Though the participants are unable to physically meet with their fellow
classmates, they find ways to review and help each other out virtually. By
meeting online via Zoom or Google Meet, they could study together and share
information to one another that others may have left out. In addition, this was
the only way the students may interact with one another due to its deprivation
in an online classroom setup. In this way, the students are not only studying
altogether, but also looking out for each other by motivating one another.
Some students however, study and review alone, but the matter still stands
that they exert effort to learn the lesson.
P4.- “Sakin binabalikan ko yung mga nadiscuss na topic

or nagchecheck uli sa module or minsan nagpapatulong
sa mga classmates para mas maintindihan yung topic.”
(For me, I go back to the discussed topics or check the

module again or sometimes I ask help from my
classmates to better understand the topic.)
P9. - “Hmm, reviewing the past topics siguro? Tsaka

buying load for data connection in case na ano,
nawawalan ng internet connection.”
(Hmm, reviewing the past topics, maybe? Also, buying a

load for data connection in case I lose my internet
connection.)
P10. - “Uhm, I attend the online classes na lang even

though nahihirapan ako laughs Kasi uhm, I don’t think I
36
have a choice din naman but to attend the classes kahit

struggling ako with my internet connection madalas.”
(Uhm, I simply go to the online lessons even though I

struggle (laughs) because, uhm, I don't think I have an
option but to go to the classes even if my internet
connection frequently fails me.)
P12. - “Halimbawa di ako nakapa-kinig nagta-try ako

magtulong sa mga kaibigan ko na mas negegets nila
yung lesson or mga napakinig tapos kapag di ko naman
alam gumagamit ako ng youtube, ganun.”
(For example, If I can't listen, I try to ask help from my

friends who understand the lesson or those who have
listened, and if I still don't know, I use youtube,
something like that.)
P13. - “Uhm ano, parang mas mage exert ka lang effort

ganun na mag aral at tsaka intindihin yung mga lessons
ganun ayun.”
(Uhm, it appears that you will just put in extra effort to

study and ensure that you understand the teachings,
something like that.)
P14. - “Siguro mas kailangan mo magbigay ng extra

effort tsaka time na aralin pa yung mga lesson na pinag
aralan thru online.”
37
(Maybe you need to put in more effort and time to study

the online lessons.)
P15.- “Yun nga parang need mo mag effort pa lalo tulad

ng self study at panonood sa recorded video kung
meron man.”
(You must put in additional effort, such as self-study and

watching recorded videos if possible.)
Theme No. 3 Coping Strategies on Improving General Mathematics

Performance
Fortunately, the challenges mentioned by the participants are

successfully countered by their coping strategies. Watching online
instructional videos, and studying with fellow classmates helped the students
in studying general mathematics. Alone or with a group, the participants are
satisfied with their coping strategies and are aware of its advantages in their
performance in general mathematics.
P2. - “Nag improve naman sya dahil dun sa mga ginawa

ko noon, dati kasi siguro mababa lang nakukuha ko
noon, nag improve naman sya kasi minsan mga 2
nalang mali ko ganon, nakakasabay naman na ko.”
(It improved because of what I did in the past. Before, I

was only getting low, but it has improved since I only
made approximately two mistakes, I can catch pace.)
38
P4. - “Malaking tulong sakin yung meron kang guide sa

module tsaka yung tulong ng mga kaklase para mas
maintindihan yung topic sa gen math.”
(The fact that you have a module guide is really helpful

to me, as well as to my classmates, in better
understanding the topic in gen math.)
P5.- “Malaking tulong sakin yung panonood ng lesson sa

math kasi kahit papaano nakakahabol ako kahit konti.”
(Watching the math lesson helps me a lot since it helps

me to catch up a little bit.)
P11. - “Uhm pano na improve kung baga sa pag gawa

ko nun mas na lilinang ko yung pag sosolve ko sa
problems, ah kung baga dahil mas na uulit ulit yung pag
try mo ng pag try mag solve mas mafa familiarize kana
kung paano isolve yung about sa topic na iyon.”
(Uhm, how I improved is simply by solving, and by doing

that I familiarized myself with how to solve problems, ah,
perhaps because the more you try and attempt to solve,
the more acquainted you will get with how to solve the
topic.)
P12. - “In terms naman sa mga strategies na ginawa ko

nagging affective siya kasi di naman ako bumagsak sa,
okay naman grades ko.”
39
(In terms of the strategies I made, he became effective

because I didn't fail, my grades are okay.)
P13. - “Syempre kapag nageexert ng effort nagkaka

develop mo yung self ano, self study ganun so syempre
nai improve naman na mas maintindihan mo yung
inaaral mo.”
(Of course, when you put out effort, you develop yourself
through self-study in order to better grasp what you are
learning.)
P14.- “Okay naman kumbaga nakakasabay ako sa

online class kahit mahirap intindihin nagagawan naman
ng paraan.”
(It's okay, I seem to be able to keep up with the online

class, even though it's hard to understand, there's still a
way.)
P15. - “Syempre mas ok kasi mas mataas yung grade na

makukuha mo pag nag self study ka or nag ask ka sa
mga kaklase mo na mas may idea sa topic kesa sayo.”
(Of course, it is okay because you will obtain a higher

grade if you do self-study or ask from your classmates
who have a better understanding of the topic than you
do.)
40
4. Students’ Recommendations and Realizations in Learning General

Mathematics Online
Online learning is not an easy task to complete, there are challenges,

and countless efforts to progress in this learning modality. Although the
students employ their own coping strategies, there is still room for external
help and assistance. Learning virtually in itself is not easy; Mathematics in
itself is difficult, and with these two combined the challenges are inevitable.
The teachers should also take necessary steps to make the lessons and
discussions easier, the students as well should play their role and study hard.
The participants’ recommendations aim to make the work easier for them, and
for the teachers as well.
Theme No. 1 Recorded Discussions
One of the challenges for online learning is the unstable internet

connection, this leads to students unable to attend the class, or understand
the discussion due to the lags and disconnections. The participants
recommended that the teachers make a video recording of the discussion
before or during the lesson proper so the students may review whatever
difficulties they may have encountered. In this way, the students may watch
the recording even after the discussion to review the lesson.
P4.- “Siguro yung magprovide din yung prof ng mga

recorded videos ng explanation ng mga topics lalo na sa
math kasi madami din yung mga students na hirap
intindihin agad yung math lalo na kung hindi detailed
yung explanation.”
(Maybe the professor will also provide recorded videos

of the explanation of the topics, especially in math,
41
because there are also students who find it difficult to

understand math quickly, especially if the explanation is
not detailed.)
P13. - “Ano yung pinaka nakikita kong effective na way

yung ano kagaya ng ginagawa ng atin isang prof na
nirerecord na niya ahead yung mga videos ng mas
malinaw, kasi kapag mismong ano eh, mismong meet
kung wari minsan naglalag ganun so hindi siya
naiintindihan lagi so mas maganda yung recorded na
advance so makikita mo ng malinaw yung screen, yung
sinusulat ganun naririnig mo yung audio ng maayos
ganun so siguro yun yung mas magandang gawin yung
recorded na yung klase.”
(The most effective way that I see is what one of our

professors does, which is that he already records the
videos ahead of time more clearly, because when he
actually meets with us, it appears that his material is
lagging and he is not always understood, so the
advanced record is better so you can see the screen
clearly, what you're writing, like that, you can hear the
audio properly, like that, so maybe that's the best thing to
do is to record the class.)
P14. - “Siguro kagaya ng ginagawa ng ilang mga prof

palagay ko yung pinaka effective yung pagre-record ng
mga lessons kasi dun pwede mo ulit-ulitin yung mga
lessons na hirap ka intindihin.”
42
(Perhaps, as some professors do, recording the classes

is the most beneficial method since it allows you to
repeat the teachings that are difficult for you to
understand.)
P15. - “Sana laging meron recorded video ng mga topic

and sana laging ibigay ng mas maaga para mas maaga
maaral ng mga students.”
(I hope there is always a recorded video of the topics

and that it is always provided sooner so that students
may study earlier.)
Theme No. 2 Unified Student Efforts
The participants, as mentioned with their coping strategies,

recommend to fellow students to review and exert more effort in studying the
lessons however difficult it may be. Creating a study group to help each other
study and review will not only help themselves, but also the teachers by doing
the work and studying. For lone students, time management and self-studying
will help in improving performance as well. All in all, the participant
recommends to fellow students that they help themselves too.
P3. - “Meron po tayong dalawang way para matulungan

po natin yung sarili natin pagdating sa gen math sa
online class it either mag self study or palibutan yung
sarili natin ng mga taong makakatulong satin.”
(We have two ways to help ourselves when it comes to

gen math in the online class, it's either self-study or
surround ourselves with people who can help us.)
43
P5.- “Para sakin yung pagtatanong sa mga kaklase mo

nung mga lessons and isa pa yung self study, balik-
balikan mo yung mga lessons ganon.”
(Asking your classmates during lessons is one thing, but

going back to those teachings over and again is also
another.)
P6. - “Hmm I would say siguro, yung ano, suggestion ko

ay Study groups, sa zoom or personal kung kaya, ganon.
Because super helpful siya, promise.”
(Hmm, I'd say maybe, my suggestion would be study

groups, either on Zoom or in person if possible. Because
these are quite helpful, I promise.)
P7. - “Hmm advice? Ano nga ba? hmm ano, siguro

setting a definite time for activities would push students
to actually, ano, do their work. Tapos uhmm, Instructors
should provide lectures themselves rather than send
links of videos. Tsaka ano din pala, uhm, setting a time
for learning and resting/playing properly and accordingly
para ma-ano, ma-maximize yung time efficiently and
effectively.”
(Hmm, suggestions? What precisely is it? Hmm, maybe

providing a specific time for activities will encourage
pupils to really finish their tasks. Then, rather than
sending links to videos, instructors should give lectures
directly. Furthermore, uhm, setting a time for studying
44
and resting/playing properly and appropriately so that

time is used efficiently and effectively.)
P8. - “Una siguro is uhm, answering practice problem

sets. Tapos uhh, try to look for other resources like
books or tutorial videos. And most importantly, ask
questions din talaga to your professors and interacts with
your classmates.”
(First maybe is uhm,answering practice problem sets.

Then, look for other resources, such as books or tutorial
videos. Most importantly, ask your professors questions
and interact with your classmates.)
P9. - “Siguro yung ano, don’t be lazy din. Because being

lazy in online classes can result to low grades.”
(Maybe, don’t be lazy. Because being lazy in online

classes can result to low grades.)
P10. - “For me, listen well and syempre if you don't

understand the lesson ask for the teacher.”
(For me, listen well and of course if you don't

understand the lesson ask for the teacher.)
45
Theme No. 3 Students’ Realizations on Learning General Mathematics

Online
The participants' expressions remain unchanged in terms of learning

general mathematics online, that it is indeed difficult and a challenge. They
still prefer the traditional face-to-face classroom setup. The combination of
general mathematics and online learning therefore, is the most challenging
feat they faced.
P2.- “Mahirap na nga sya sa face to face mas mahirap

pa sya lalo na sa online class tsaka isa pa is parang
ayoko na bumalik pa sa online class kasi parang natake
advantage mo yung kung gaano kadali matuto nung face
to face.”
(It's already challenging face-to-face, and it's even more

difficult online, and I don't want to go back to online class
since you appear to have taken advantage of how easy it
is to study face-to-face.)
P4. - “Hindi sya ganon kadali lalo na kung mathematics

yung subject lalo na kung may mga challenges or
distractions sayo habang nag aaral sa online class kaya
kailangan din yung strategies mo and kailangan ng mas
effort sa pag aaral.”
(It's not easy, especially if the topic is mathematics, and

especially if there are problems or distractions for you
when studying in the online class, therefore you'll need
strategies and extra effort in studying.)
46
P5.- “Para sakin mahirap kasi mahirap pag aralan yung

gen math sa online kasi maraming factors eh tulad ng
internet na nagbabagal at minsan naglalag sa discussion
at naglalag yung presentation ng prof kaya di mo
maintindihan.”
(It's challenging for me since it's difficult to learn gen

math online because of many factors such as slow
internet and sometimes the professor's discussion and
presentation lags thus you don't understand.)
P8. - “Ano siguro, it is nice to learn on your own and at

your own pace. Pero it is more effective pa rin talaga if
someone is actively teaching you.”
(Maybe, it is nice to learn on your own and at your own

pace. But it is much more effective if someone is actively
teaching you.)
P11. - “Ah realization, satin oh sa amin mga estudyante

mas nagging kung baga mahirap na mas nahirapan pa
yung pagaral mo nga and at the same time para din nga
sa mga profs for sure sila din naman nahihirapan din sa
pagtuturo so parang parehas or both side nahihirapan sa
online learning ng pagtuturo ng math.”
(Ah realization, for us students, it's as if your studying

has gotten more difficult, and it's also for the professors,
who are undoubtedly suffering from teaching, so it's as if
both sides are suffering from online learning of teaching
math.)
47
P13. - “Yung kapag math kasi diba madalas talaga

mahirap so kapag online mas nagiging mas mahirap pa
siya na intindihin ayun kaya mas dapat na maging
effective yung way pagtuturo.”
(When it comes to math, it is often really difficult, and

when it is delivered online, it becomes much more
difficult for us to comprehend, therefore the method of
instruction should be more effective.)
P14.- “Siguro sa online mas lalong napahirap yung

subject natin na math kasi sa face to face palang
mahirap na eh so pano pa kaya yung nasa online.”
(Maybe online makes the Math subject more difficult,

since it is already challenging face-to-face, what more if
it is taught online?)
48
CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
After a meticulous process of analyzing and collecting data, the

researchers have come up with the significant findings of the study:
Summary of Findings:
1. Online Learning on Students’ Performance in General Mathematics
The participant’s responses were evidently leaning into the difficulty the
online learning brings in their learning experience, as well as to their
academic performance. These experiences had noteworthy effects on the
student’s academic performance. In light of this, the participants favor the
traditional face-to-face classes rather than the remote online classroom setup
due to the unstable internet connectivity, and little to no interaction with the
teachers and fellow students. However, there are some students that has
experienced no setbacks in their online learning despite the difficulties they
mentioned.
2. Students’ Challenges in Learning General Mathematics Online
All participants faced challenges in the online learning setup. The

unstable internet connection is the primary challenge all the participants share,
and it causes significant effects on their performance in general mathematics
as well. The participants are often disconnected in the virtual meetings, and
are left falling behind lessons and discussions. This would eventually lead to
the participant’s not learning the topic on time. In addition, the lack of student
and teacher interaction is also a challenge cited by the participants.
Approaching the teacher online is much harder than in face-to-face classes
49
where queries could be answered almost immediately. This also decreases

the engagement of students in the discussions.
Due to the online class setup which allows the students to study in the
comforts of their homes, the students admit that this learning modality makes
them lethargic, complacent, and unmotivated. The comfortable environment in
this setup is also prone to noise and distractions that could sway the
participant’s focus in online learning.
In terms of the implications of these challenges on the participant’s
academic performance, it is deemed challenging as well. The participant’s
reflected that it had no crucial and significant effects on their end. However, in
terms of their performance in general mathematics, they found it more difficult
than ever as it required them to exert more effort in studying. It should be
noted that the participant’s responses were varied as the others remain
unaffected by these challenges.
3. Students’ Coping Strategies in Learning General Mathematics Online
After the participant’s identified the challenges they experienced in

learning general mathematics in an online setup, they also have their coping
strategies to counter it. Due to the lack of interaction with the teachers, and
the unstable internet connections during discussion, the participant’s resorted
to watching online video tutorials about the subject. In addition, reviewing
alone or with groups is also one of the strategies the participant’s employ to
help each other out in studying. The participants claim that these strategies
helped them in a way to understand the lessons and progress in online
learning.
50
4. Students’ Recommendations and Realizations in Learning General

Mathematics Online
While student and teacher interaction is lacking in online classes, and

online discussions are disrupted by unstable internet connections, the
participants recommended to teachers that they record the meeting, or pre-
record a discussion for the students to watch and review even after
discussions. This will help the students review the lessons anytime. However,
the students may rely on the recorded meetings too much and not listen to the
discussion on hand. Another recommendation of the participants is for fellow
students to exert more effort in studying and helping each other out. In this
way, students will have the opportunity to interact with each other while
learning at the same time. The realizations of the participants remain that
general mathematics in itself is hard, but harder in an online learning setup.
Conclusion
 Based on the results, the participants had difficulties in studying

General Mathematics in an online classroom setup. They would prefer
studying the testy subject in a traditional face-to-face classroom setup,
rather than facing the challenges they mentioned in learning online.
 The participants' experiences are varied, some participants’ academic
performance are unchanged or even improving, while some are
struggling due to the challenging subject and the challenging learning
modality online.
 The challenges encountered by the participants mostly come from the
unstable internet connection, lack of interaction with the teachers, and
the comfort of their homes. These challenges affected their
performance in general mathematics, however, they have employed
coping strategies to counter these challenges.
51
 The participants resorted to watching online educational videos to

support their learning acquisition in general mathematics. Reviewing
alone or with peers also helps them stay motivated in learning the
lessons, and by helping one another the difficulties are overcome.
 The participants recommend that the teachers play pre-recorded
discussions and share it with them, or record the meeting itself to stand
as a learning material for them to review. To exert more effort in
learning general mathematics is key to progress in the said subject.
Recommendation
After a thorough analysis and considering the forgoing discoveries and

conclusion of the study, the following recommendations are presented:
 The teachers may find more creative ways to teach the subject so that
they could enjoy the lesson and stay motivated.
 The teacher may conduct a short Q&A session after the online
discussion to answer the student’s questions should they have queries.
 As per the recommendation of the participants, pre-recorded meetings
or recording the meeting during discussions will help the students
access the lessons for reviewing.
 The students should study in a conducive learning environment at
home and inform the family that they need to focus on their studies at a
given time in a day.
 The students should exert more effort in studying general mathematics
online, although it is challenging. To overcome these challenges,
despite all the strategies and recommendations, none would work
without effort and perseverance in studying.
52
REFERENCES
Aguilera-Hermida, A. P. (2020). College students’ use and acceptance of

emergency online learning due to COVID-19. International Journal of
Educational Research Open, 1, 100011.
AlAteeq, D. A., Alijhani, S. & AlEesa, D. (2020). Perceived stress among
students in virtual classrooms during the COVID-19 outbreak in KSA.
Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 15(5), 398-403.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.07.004
Aparicio, M., Bacao, F., and Oliveira, T., 2016. Cultural impacts on e-learning
systems’ success. The Internet and Higher Education, 31, pp. 58-70.
Baloran, E. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes, anxiety, and coping strategies of
students during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Loss and Trauma,
25(8), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2020.1769300
Baticulon, R. E., Alberto, N. R., Baron, M. B., Mabulay, R. E., Rizada, L. G.,
Sy, J. J., Tiu, C. J., Clarion, C. A. & Reyes, J. C. (2020). Barriers to
online learning in the time of COVID-19: A national survey of medical
students in the Philippines. medRxiv.
https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.16.20155747
Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). “Using thematic analysis in psychology”.
https://uwerepository.worktribe.com/preview/1043068/thematic_analysi
s_revised_- _final.pdf
Britt, R. (2006). ). Online education: A survey of faculty and students.
Radiologic Technology, 3(77), 1
Crawford, J., Butler-Henderson, K., Jurgen, R., Malkawi, B. H., Glowatz, M.,
Burton, R., Magni, P., & Lam, S. (2020). COVID-19: 20 countries’
higher education intra-period digital pedagogy responses. Journal of
Applied Learning & Teaching, 3. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2020.3.1.7
Daniel, J. (2020). Education and the COVID-19 pandemic. Prospects, 49(1),
91–96.
Davie, S. (2020, June 28). Home-based learning set to be regular part of
schooling post Covid19, says Education Minister Ong Ye Kung. The
53
Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/education/home-based-

learning-set-to-beregular-part-of-schooling-post-covid-19-says
De La Salle University (2020a). Coping with Challenges and Learning during
the Enhanced Community Quarantine Period. Available online
at: https://www.dlsu.edu.ph/2nd-term-faqs/ (accessed October 6, 2020).
Doyle A. (2020). “Definition & Examples of a Semi-Structured Interview”
Dumford, A. D., & Miller, A. L. (2018). Online learning in higher education:
exploring advantages and disadvantages for engagement. Journal of
Computing in Higher Education, 30(3), 452–465.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-018-9179-z
Fabito, B. S., Trillanes, A. O., & Sarmiento, J. R. (2021). Barriers and
challenges of computing students in an online learning environment:
Insights from one private university in the Philippines. International
Journal of Computing Sciences Research, 5(1), 441–
458. https://doi.org/10.25147/ijcsr.2017.001.1.51
Hodges C., Moore S., Lockee B., Trust T., Bond A. 2020. The difference
between emergency remote teaching and online
learning.https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/3/the-difference-
between-emergency-remote-teaching-and-online-learning
https://www.thebalancecareers.com/what-is-a-semi-structured-interview-
2061632
Islam, N., Beer, M., and Slack, F., 2015. E-learning challenges faced by
academics in higher education. Journal of Education and Training
Studies, 3(5), pp. 102-112
McCombes, S. (2019, May 15). Descriptive Research Design | Definition,
Methods &
Examples.Scribbr;www.scribbr.com.https://www.scribbr.com/methodolo
gy/descriptive-
research/?fbclid=IwAR1YekglWmn_whw171uRlB3qWO6QkB78zKBk5j
z7eqjm9HMpdqEhW7YhvP8
54
Santos, A. P. (2020, October 6). In the Philippines, distance learning reveals

the digital divide. Retrieved from
https://eu.boell.org/en/2020/10/06/philippines-distance-learning-
reveals-digital-divide
Songkram, N., Khlaisang, J., Puthaseranee, B., and Likhitdamrongkiat, M.,
2015. E-learning system to enhance cognitive skills for learners in
higher education. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, pp.
667-673
UNESCO. (2020). COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response.
Retrieved from https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse
Zhong, R. (2020). The coronavirus exposes education’s digital divide. The
New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/17/technol
ogy/china-schools-coronavirus.html
55
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
REQUEST LETTER FOR CONDUCTING SURVEY
56
57
APPENDIX B
INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE
58
APPENDIX C
VALIDATION INSTRUMENT
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72

Experience of Ojt

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Experience of Ojt

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Experience of Ojt

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Republic of the Philippines

PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS

EFFECTS OF ONLINE LEARNING ON STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN

The Faculty of the

Institute of Engineering and Technology

THIS UNDERGRADUATE THESIS ENTITLED EFFECTS OF

ENGR. RAYMOND NIÑO T. MIRANDA

APPROVED BY THE RESEARCH PANEL OF EXAMINERS WITH A

PROF. FELIX L. ALEGADO MR. JEFFERSON CLARIZA, MEAM

ENGR. JUSTINE S. ROMAN

ACCEPTED AND APPROVED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE

ASST. PROF. KEVIN C. VALENZUELA, MEAM

The researchers express their sincerest gratitude for the unwavering

T. Miranda, and thesis professor, Ma’am Ludivina Cunanan, together with

betterment of this paper. Without these professionals’ guidance and insightful

researchers to accomplish a successful study like this.

The researchers will be forever indebted to the participants for

agreeing to share their perceptions. Their cooperation and testimonies are an

outstanding contribution and the core foundation of this study.

To their parents, who never doubted but instead unceasingly supported

mere presence became the researchers’ source of encouragement and

researchers genuinely thank everyone for making this thesis a meaningful

Chapter I: The Problem and Its Settings

Chapter II: Materials and Methods

Chapter III: Results and Discussions…………………………………...13

Chapter IV: Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations

In 2020, COVID-19’s impact has influenced almost every aspect of life,

E-learning enables the reduced cost of education while enhancing the

learning environment unfamiliarity (Daniel, 2020; Fabito et al., 2021; Murphy,

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Mathematics is a common subject that has been taught ever since,

One of the important subjects that need to be learned by aviation

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

There is no significant relationship between Aircraft Maintenance and

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

SCOPE AND LIMITATION STUDY

This research assessed how online learning affects students'

Figure 1, shows the description of how the present study was

Figure 1 Paradigm of the Study

Aviation - is the activity related to airplane manufacturing and mechanical

The researchers aim to see the overall effectiveness of online learning

According to McCombes (2022), a Descriptive Research Design can

Since this study will be conducted through a descriptive approach, the

PARTICIPANTS OF THE STUDY

The researchers chose students enrolled in the Bachelor of Science in

DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT

The researchers used Semi-Structured Guide Questions as an

To ensure the reliability of the instrument, researchers planned to

The semi-structured guide questions were forwarded to the adviser to

Thematic Analysis was utilized by the researchers to generate findings

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The Semi-structured Interview Guide Questions were utilized to collect

"no," allowing participants to convey their thoughts, views, outlook, and

Before conducting the interview, the researchers asked for the

Microsoft Apps was used to check, categorize, tabulate, and analyze

1. Online Learning on Students’ Performance in General Mathematics

Due to the impact of the COVID-19, the educational sector decided to

Theme No. 1 Student’s Online Learning Experiences

The participants expressed difficulties in learning the lessons through