Gender and Society

Gender and
Society
with: Master Joshua Liann Escalante
PROCESS of
REPRODUCTION.
GEE 002
Although human beings are fully sexually different
at birth, the differences between males and females
are accentuated at puberty. This is when the
reproductive system matures, secondary sexual
characteristics develop, and the bodies of males and
females appear more distinctive.
Female - Begins around 8-13 years old
Male - Begins around 14-16 years old

GEE 002
The Tanner
Puberty Scale
The Tanner Scale, which
breaks down all stages of
puberty in both males and
females was developed by
James Mourilyan Tanner
in 1969 based on a 20-year
study.
GEE 002
Stage One
FEMALE ( 8-11 ) MALE ( 9 - 12 )
Signs of puberty are not Signs of puberty are not
that noticeable. It is in that noticeable. Hormone
this stage that the Production begins and
Ovaries Enlarge and sometimes a Growth
Hormone Production Spurt.
begins.
GEE 002
Stage Two
FEMALE ( 8-14 ) MALE ( 9 - 15 )
Breast Buds usually Growth Spurt begins,
develop first, a small body shape changes and
hard lump behind one or muscle grow. Nipples
both nipples. The part may become tender and
around the nipple sore (this will settle
(areola) will enlarge. down). The Testicles and
Pubic Hair start, along Scrotum get Darker and
with height and weight, Bigger. Pubic hair begins
thus body becomes to grow.
curvier
GEE 002
Stage Three
FEMALE ( 8-14 )
Breast, Height and Weight continue and Pubic

Hair gets coarser and darker, it also becomes
thicker. Vaginal Discharge may start and for
some girls, their period begins.
GEE 002
Stage Three
MALE ( 9 - 15 )
The Penis grows longer (not

usually wider). Testicles and
Scrotum continue to grow
and more frequent Erections
occur.
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Stage Three
MALE ( 9 - 15 )
Pubic Hair gets coarser and darker, it also

becomes thicker. Chest, height, muscles continue
to grow and voices may start to break.
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Stage Four MALE ( 11-17 )
FEMALE ( 10-16 ) Penis continues to grow
Breasts and Pubic Hair longer and wider and its
become more adult-like, texture becomes more
nipples and areola adult-like. Testicles and
become Darker and Pubic Scrotum also continue to
Hair more triangular in grow. More frequent
shape. Menarche (First Erections and Wet
Menstruation) and Dreams occur. Body and
ovulation usually starts Facial hair thickens, skin
now and are often gets oilier, and voice
irregular. further deepens.
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Stage Five
FEMALE ( 12-19 ) MALE ( 14-18 )
Full height is reached Full height is reached.

and most girls are Pubic hair and genitals
usually ovulating and look like an adult. Chest
menstruating regularly. hair is growing and
Pubic Hair is triangular shaving may begin.
in shape. Breasts and
hips are fully developed
Ovulation
The process when the mature ovum is released
from the ovary and travels to the fallopian tube
for possible fertilization. After it's released, the
egg moves down the fallopian tube and stays
there for 12 to 24 hours, where it can be
fertilized.
Ovulation
One way to tell if you are ovulating is through
your cervical mucus – you may notice wetter,
clearer and more slippery mucus around the time
of ovulation. There is also a small rise in body
temperature after ovulation takes place, which
you may be able to detect with a thermometer.
Fertilization
The union of the Sperm and the Ovum
Fertilization is a complex multi-step process that

is complete in 24 hours. The sperm from a male
meets an ovum from a female and forms a
zygote; this is the point in which pregnancy
begins and leads to a 280-day journey for a
female.
How does one
Ovulate?
The major landmark of puberty among females is
the menstrual cycle, the monthly ovulation cycle
that leads to menstruation (loss of blood and
tissues lining the uterus) in the absence of
pregnancy. The menstrual cycle is from the first
day of a period until the day before the next
period starts.
How does one
Ovulate?
Normally, it lasts around 28 days, on the average,
but can be as short as 21 or as long as 40.
Whatever the length, the ovulation will happen
around 10-16 days before the start of the next
period.
WTF IS PREGNANCY?
The process when an offspring develops within the
Mother's Womb. The condition between conception
(fertilization of an egg by a sperm) and birth, during
which the fertilized egg develops in the uterus.
P
R
E How it Occurs
G When a Male and a Female have sexual
N intercourse, the Penis fits into the woman's

Vagina. Ejaculation or Coming releases the Sperm
A via the Penis into the Vagina. The sperm then

swims through the female's cervix, into the
N womb, and finally into the fallopian tubes.
C
Y
P
R
E Once the egg or ovum has been released into the
fallopian tube, hundreds of sperm swim up to
G reach it. Finally, the sperm penetrates the egg in
the fallopian tube where fertilization takes place
N and eventually, becomes and Embryo. Once the
embryo attaches to the inner lining of the uterus,
A a Fetus develops within five to seven days from a
N ball of cells floating in the uterus, which

officially begins Pregnancy
C
Y
P
R
E
G
N
A
N
C
Y
P P
R R
E E
G G
N N
A A
N N
C C
Y Y
P
R
E Trimesters
G A normal pregnancy lasts 37-42 weeks. This is
N measured from the first day of the last period.
Pregnancy is discussed in terms of trimesters,
A each trimester is different from the rest.
N
C
Y
P
R
E Trimesters
G First Trimester ( Week 1 - 13 )
N Nausea & Vomiting
A Cravings & Aversions

Heightened Sense of Smell
N Mood Swings
C
Y
P
R
E Trimesters
G Second Trimester ( Week 14 - 27 )
N Round Ligament Points
A Nipple Changes
Stretch Marks
N Feeling the Baby Moving
C
Y
P
R
E Trimesters
G Third Trimester ( Week 28 - 40 )
N Strong Kicks of the Baby
A Swollen Feet
Leaking from the Breasts
N Frequent Urination
C
Y
C
O
N
T
How to
R Prevent Pregnancy
A There are various ways to Avoid unplanned
C pregnancy.
E Condoms - These are 98 % effective if used
P
T properly. These are also great protection against
I STD's.
O
N
C
O
N
T
How to
R Prevent Pregnancy
A Implantable Hormone Device - This is implanted
C in the upper arm which helps the body have a
E continuous release of Hormones. However, side
P effects have been observed with this method.
T
I
O
N
C
O
N
T
How to
R Prevent Pregnancy
A Calendar Method - This is when the woman
C predicts the day of ovulation by keeping a
E calendar the length of each menstrual cycle.
P Through this method, the partners must know
T when the female will ovulate.
I
O
N
C
O
N
T
How to
R Prevent Pregnancy
A A woman is most fertile during ovulation. For a
C woman with 28 to 30 days menstrual cycle,
E ovulation takes place during the 10th to the 14th
P day. But there are still chances to of getting
T pregnant till the 21st day. So days 1 to 7 and 14
I days before your periods are considered to be
O safe days.
N
C
O
N
T
How to
R Prevent Pregnancy
A Birth Control Pill / Injection - Hormonal
C contraceptives usually stop the body from
E ovulating. They also change the cervical mucus
P to make it difficult for the sperm to go through
T the cervix and find an egg.
I
O
N
C
O
N
T
How to
R Prevent Pregnancy
A Withdrawal - This is the removal of the Penis
C from the Vagina just before Ejaculation during
E Fornication.
P
T
I
O
N
C
O
N
T
How to
R Prevent Pregnancy
A Sterilization (Vasectomy for Male, Ligation for
C Female) - Passageway for the Sperm or the Egg is
E surgically tied/cut. This is proven to be the most
P effective method of contraception with a
T theoretical success rate of 100%.
I
O
N
C
O
N
T
How to
R Prevent Pregnancy
A Intrauterine Device (IUD) - The copper-coated
C IUD prevents pregnancy by not allowing the
E sperm to fertilize the egg. It may also make it
P harder for a fertilized egg to implant in the
T uterus.
I
O
N
POPULAR CULTURE POPULAR CULTURE POPULAR CULTURE
GEE 004
Effects of
Early
Pregnancy.
The Effects
There are serious health risks associated with early pregnancy
because a young woman’s body is not mature enough to handle
bearing a child.
The Effects
When woman is under 20, the pelvic area (the bone surrounding the
birth canal) is still growing and may not be large enough to allow the
baby to easily pass through the birth canal. This can result in what is
called an “Obstructed Labor”. Obstructed labor is dangerous to both
mother and child requires the help of trained medical professionals.
A major contributor to high maternal morality rates is adolescent

pregnancy. If a young woman is not physically mature, the uterus
may tear during birth process, and she may die because of the blood
loss.
The Effects
Excessive vomiting;
Severe anemia;
Hypertensions;
Convulsions;
Difficulty in breast feeding (if the girls is too young to produce
milk);
Premature and low birth weight babies;
Infection;
Prolonged labor; and
High maternal morality or death.
The Effects
Ages of 20-30 years are the safest period of women’s life
for child bearing.
The major difference between girls in their early teens and older
women is that girls aged 12-16 years are still growing. The pelvis, or
the bony birth canal, of a girl can grow wider by as much as 20%
between the time she begins menstruating and the time she is 16
years old.
Abortion
Abortion is a common health intervention. It is safe when carried out
using a method recommended by WHO, appropriate to the
pregnancy duration and by someone with the necessary skills.
An abortion may usually only be carried out up to the 24th week of

the pregnancy.
The Effects of inaccessible
quality abortion
incomplete abortion (failure to remove or expel all pregnancy
tissue from the uterus);
haemorrhage (heavy bleeding);
infection;
uterine perforation (caused when the uterus is pierced by a sharp
object)
damage to the genital tract and internal organs as a consequence
of inserting dangerous objects into the vagina or anus.
The Effects
Recurrent Abortion
Habitual (or recurrent) abortion refers to a history of repeated
miscarriage, defined as three or more successive pregnancy losses.
Women with RM are more likely to develop gestational hypertension
and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during their subsequent
pregnancies. Furthermore, babies born to women with a history of
RM are at an increased risk of low birth weight and being small or
large for gestational age.
Gestational Age
Gestation is the period of time between conception and birth. During
this time, the baby grows and develops inside the mother's womb.
Gestational age is the common term used during pregnancy to
describe how far along the pregnancy is.

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Gender and

Female - Begins around 8-13 years old

Male - Begins around 14-16 years old

Breast, Height and Weight continue and Pubic

The Penis grows longer (not

Pubic Hair gets coarser and darker, it also

Full height is reached Full height is reached.

Fertilization is a complex multi-step process that

N intercourse, the Penis fits into the woman's

A via the Penis into the Vagina. The sperm then

N ball of cells floating in the uterus, which

N Nausea & Vomiting

A Cravings & Aversions

N Round Ligament Points

N Feeling the Baby Moving

N Strong Kicks of the Baby

C woman with 28 to 30 days menstrual cycle,

E ovulation takes place during the 10th to the 14th

P day. But there are still chances to of getting

T pregnant till the 21st day. So days 1 to 7 and 14

I days before your periods are considered to be

A major contributor to high maternal morality rates is adolescent

An abortion may usually only be carried out up to the 24th week of

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