Sociological Perspectives of The Self PDF

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Sociological Perspective of

the Self
• The self is not created in isolation.
• The social institution defines our self-concept and our self-esteem.
• We rely on others to provide a “social reality”.
Sociology
• The study of society, social institutions and social relationships
• An exciting and illuminating field of study that analyzes and explains
important matters in our personal lives, our communities, and the world
• A social science that studies human societies, their interactions, and the
processes that preserve and change them
• Examining the dynamics of constituent parts of societies such as
institutions, communities, populations, and gender, racial, or age groups.
• Also studies social status or stratification, social movements, and social
change, as well as societal disorder in the form of crime, deviance,
and revolution.
The Self
• A relatively stable set of perceptions of who we are in relation to our
selves, others, and social systems
• Socially constructed in the sense that it is shaped through interaction
with other people
• Self-contained and independent because it can exist by itself
(contained in its own thoughts, characteristics, and volition)
• Has personality that is enduring or persists over time
Socialization
• A means by which human infants begin to acquire the skills necessary
to perform as a functioning member of their society
• The most influential in learning process one can experience
Developing the Self-Concept or Self-Image
According to Cooley
1. We imagine how we appear
to another person.

2. We imagine what judgments


people make of us based on our
appearance.

3. We imagine how the person


feels about us, based on the
judgment made of us.
Group
• A wide variety of gatherings, from just two people, a club, a regular
gathering of friends, or people who work together or share a hobby
• Any collection of at least two people who interact with some
frequency and who share a sense that their identity is somehow
aligned with the group
Aggregate or Crowd
• People who happen to be in the same place at the same time but
who do not interact or share a sense of identity
Category
• Another example of a nongroup is people who share similar
characteristics but are not tied to one another in any way
Cooley’s Looking Glass Self
• “I am not what I think I am and I am not what you think I am; I am
what I think that you think I am.”
• A person’s self grows out of society’s interpersonal interactions and
the perceptions of others
• The view of ourselves comes from contemplation of personal qualities
and impressions of how others perceive us
• People shaping their identity based on the perception of others,
which leads the people to reinforce other people’s perspectives on
themselves
• Interactionist Perspective of Sociology
How can a nongroup become a
group?
Group, Aggregate/Crowd, or Category?
• Incoming freshmen students taking the admission test
• New and old employees attending a year end party
• Inmates attending a symposium on anger management
• People standing in line to buy the latest iPhone product
• Nurses on duty given special instructions by their head
• Students who are members of the Science club
• All our moms are Baby Boomers
• Pre-service teachers taking their licensure in one cramped testing
center
Primary Groups
• The source of human nature
• Characterized by close, intimate, face-to-face interaction whose
primary function is socialization
• Play the most critical role in our lives
• Usually fairly small and made up of individuals who generally engage
in long term emotional ways
• Serve emotional needs: expressive functions rather than pragmatic
ones
• Made up of significant others, those individuals who have the most
impact on our socialization
Secondary Group
• The larger and more disparate nucleated group whose members were
rarely if ever all in direct contact
• Larger and impersonal
• Task-focused and time-limited
• Serve an instrumental function rather than an expressive one
Theory of Social Self
• George Herbert Mead, the proponent; a pioneer of symbolic
interaction theory
• Self emerges from social interactions, such as observing and
interacting with others, responding to others’ opinions about oneself,
and internalizing external opinions and internal feelings about oneself
• The self is not there from birth, but it is developed over time from
social experiences and activities
The Self
✓Is a product of social interaction
✓Is a social structure, arising in social experience
✓Exists in the activity of viewing oneself reflexively
✓“Role-taking” - taking the standpoint of others
Development of Self
A. Preparatory Stage/Imitation Stage
• Develops self by allowing individuals to respond to each other through
symbols, gestures, words, and sounds
• Conveys others' attitudes, emotions and opinions toward a subject or
the person.
B. Play Stage
• Develops self by allowing individuals to take on different roles,
pretend, and express expectation of others
• Develops one's self-consciousness through role-playing
• During role-play, a person is able to internalize the perspective of
others and develop an understanding of how others feel about
themselves and others in a variety of social situations.
C. Game Stage
• Develops self by allowing individuals to understand and adhere to the
rules of the activity
• Self is developed by understanding that there are rules in which one
must abide by in order to win the game or be successful at an activity
D. Generalized Other
• Develops, understands, and learns the idea of the common behavioral
expectation of the general society
• Able to imagine how you are viewed by one or many
• The Self is being developed
3 Ways to Develop the Self
1. Language
✓Allows individuals to take on the “role of the other” and allows people to
respond to his or her own gestures in terms of the symbolized attitudes of
others.
2. In play
✓Individuals take on the roles of other people and pretend to be those other
people in order to express the expectations of significant others.
3. In the game
✓The individual is required to internalize the roles of all others who are
involved with him or her in the game and must comprehend the rules of the
game.
Forms of the Self
1) “Me” Part
✓Social Self
✓The objective and active part of self
✓The organized set of attitudes of others which individuals assume
✓Represents the expectations and attitudes of others (the "generalized other")
organized into a social self
✓Anticipated responses with respect to self
✓The society’s view
2. “I” Part
✓The part of you that’s existing out in the world, acting, being spontaneous,
etc.
✓The subject of the action – what you would commonly think of as yourself
✓Response to the ME self or the person’s individuality
✓The responses of the person to the organized attitude of others
✓Contains creativity ang spontaneity parts of the self
✓Individual identity stepping in or what our personal responses to what society
thinks
Cooley vs. Mead
Mead Cooley
• Communication with other • Interaction was the key factor for
members of the society helps building one’s self-image
people form self-images • Emphasis on ‘significant others’
✓Social experience, not biological being in the position of influence
factor
for us
✓Exchanging of symbols
✓Socialization – learning how to see
themselves from another perspective
✓Self-awareness appears with the
understanding of role of others
To Do
• Watch the last episode of Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha (Episode 16, 22:25)
• Write a short essay using the guide questions.
• Submission will be next meeting
• Follow the formatting:
a) Short sized bond paper
b) Strictly use 200 words only
c) Tahoma; 12; 1.0
d) Have the following parts in your essay: Introduction, Body, and Conclusion
e) Use this as your header:
Name: Course & Year: Rating:
f) Use this as footer:
Note:
Name: Course & Year: Rating:

Note:
Guide Questions:
1. Focusing on the death of Gum-Ri, how did it affect
the entire neighborhood considering that the lovely
lady is the glue in the community? Would you say
that their cohesiveness is a primary group? If yes,
what are the emotional needs that were met and
shared by the entire neighborhood? If no, what
were the functional needs then?
2. Describe the main character, Hong Du-sik, based on
Cooley’s looking glass self. How did his community
shape him in his journey of finding his true self?
3. Taking into consideration the people in Gongjin as a
collective self and using the stages of self
development of Mead, discuss the pertinent
aspects the people in the community did during
and after the wake?
4. When Gum-ri wrote Du-sik this: “People should live
among other people”, how would you expound this
to him in understanding himself?

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