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    Singelton

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    Ahmed Iqbal
    The Singleton pattern ensures a class only has one instance and provides a global point of access to it. It is applicable when there must be only a single instance of a class, such as a printer spooler, and that instance must be accessible to clients from a well-known access point. The pattern is implemented by making the class responsible for creating and managing its sole instance, using a private constructor and a static method that returns the instance.

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    Singelton

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Iqbal
    13 views15 pages
    The Singleton pattern ensures a class only has one instance and provides a global point of access to it. It is applicable when there must be only a single instance of a class, such as a printer spooler, and that instance must be accessible to clients from a well-known access point. The pattern is implemented by making the class responsible for creating and managing its sole instance, using a private constructor and a static method that returns the instance.

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    The Singleton pattern ensures a class only has one instance and provides a global point of access to it. It is applicable when there must be only a single instance of a class, such as a printer spooler, and that instance must be accessible to clients from a well-known access point. The pattern is implemented by making the class responsible for creating and managing its sole instance, using a private constructor and a static method that returns the instance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    13 views15 pages

    Singelton

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Iqbal
    The Singleton pattern ensures a class only has one instance and provides a global point of access to it. It is applicable when there must be only a single instance of a class, such as a printer spooler, and that instance must be accessible to clients from a well-known access point. The pattern is implemented by making the class responsible for creating and managing its sole instance, using a private constructor and a static method that returns the instance.

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    Singleton Pattern

    Intent
    • Ensure a class only has one instance, and
    provide a global point of access to it.
    Motivation
    • It's important for some classes to have exactly
    one instance.
    • Although there can be many printers in a
    system, there should be only one printer
    spooler .
    • There should be only one file system and one
    window manager.
    • An accounting system will be dedicated to
    serving one company
    • How do we ensure that a class has only one instance and
    that the instance is easily accessible?

    A global variable makes an object accessible , but it doesn't


    keep you from instantiating multiple objects.

    A better solution is to make the class itself responsible for


    keeping track o f its sole instance. The class can ensure that
    no other instance can be created (by intercepting requests to
    create new objects), and it can provide a way to access the
    instance. This is the Singleton pattern.
    Applicability
    • Use the Singleton pattern when
    – there must be exactly one instance of a class , and
    it must be accessible to clients from a well-known
    access point.
    – when the sole instance should be extensible by
    subclassing, and clients should be able to use an
    extended instance without modifying their code.
    Structure
    The Chocolate Factory Example
    The chocolate factory has computer controlled
    chocolate boilers. The job of the boiler is to
    take chocolate and milk, bring them to a boil,
    and then pass them on to the next phase of
    making chocolate bars. One of the main
    functions of the system is to prevent accidents
    such as draining 500 litres of unboiled mixture,
    or filing the boiler when is already full, or
    boiling an empty boiler.
    Creating a Single Instance of a Class
    • In some cases it maybe necessary to create just
    one instance of a class.
    • This maybe necessary because:
    – More than one instance will result in incorrect
    program behavior
    – More than one instance will result in the overuse of
    resources
    – More than one instance will result in inconsistent
    results
    – There is a need for a global point of access
    • How would you ensure that just one instance
    of a class is created?
    Singleton Pattern Overview
    • In some cases there should be at most one
    instance of a class.
    • This one instance must be accessible by all
    “clients”, e.g. a printer spooler.
    • This usually occurs when a global resource
    has to be shared.
    • The singleton pattern ensures that a class
    has only one instance and provides only
    one point of entry.
    Implementing the Singleton Pattern

    • Implement a private constructor to prevent


    other classes from declaring more than one
    instance.
    • Implement a method to create a single
    instance. Make this method static.
    • Create a lazy instance of the class in the class.
    • Make the data element static.
    Thread Example
    A dual processor machine, with two threads calling the
    getInstance() method for the chocolate boiler
    Thread 1 Thread 2
    public stat ChocolateBoiler
    getInstance()
    public stat ChocolateBoiler
    getInstance()
    if (uniqueInstance == null)
    if (uniqueInstance == null)
    uniqueInstance =
    new ChocolateBoiler()
    uniqueInstance =
    new ChocolateBoiler()
    return uniqueInstance;
    return uniqueInstance;
    Problems with Multithreading
    • In the case of multithreading with more than one
    processor the getInstance() method could be called
    at more or less the same time resulting in to more
    than one instance being created.
    • Possible solutions:
    – Synchronize the getInstance() method
    – Do nothing if the getInstance() method is not critical to the
    application.
    – Move to an eagerly created instance rather than a lazily
    created one.
    Synchronizing the getInstance()
    Method
    • Code
    public static synchronized Singleton getInstance()
    {…
    }

    • Disadvantage – synchronizing can decrease


    system performance by a factor of 100.
    Use an Eagerly Created Instance
    Rather than a Lazy One
    • Code:
    //Data elements
    public static Singleton uniqueInstance = new
    Singleton()

    private Singleton() {}

    public static Singleton getInstance() {


    return uniqueInstance
    }
    • Disadvantage – Memory may be allocated
    and not used.
    In Summary
    • The singleton pattern ensures that there is
    just one instance of a class.
    • The singleton pattern provides a global
    access point.
    • The pattern is implemented by using a
    private constructor and a static method
    combined with a static variable.

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