Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
REGION VIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF MAASIN CITY

Teacher: Juneil T. Cortejos Date: 03/07/2023

A Semi-Detailed Demonstration Lesson Plan in

I Learning Competency:
Writing and Composition:

1. Apply the major social science theories and its importance in examining socio-cultural,
economic, and political conditions.
a. Structural-functionalism
b. Marxism
c. Symbolic Interactionism
II Instructional Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, I can:
1. Apply the structural - functionalism theory; and
2. Relate the importance of socio - cultural, economic, and political conditions to structural -
functionalism theory.

III Subject Matter:

Topic: The Structural - Functionalism

References:

MODULE
Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Science Q1-Module 5

Materials: Laptop, Projector, printed papers

IV Developmental Processes:
A. Activity:
1. The teacher will give an activity.
Direction: Give at least two (2) concepts and principles of each social science theories. Write the
concepts in the leaves and the principles in the petals. Use a separate bond paper for this activity.
 1. The teacher will ask about the activity.

B. Analysis:
1. What is Structural-functional Approach?
2. How can you apply this theory into a real-life situation?
3. Can you relate the importance of socio - cultural, economic, and political conditions to
structural - functionalism theory?
C. Abstraction:
1. The teacher will discuss about “The Structural-Functionalism”
What is Structural Functionalism? According to (Structural Functionalism: Definition, Theory &
Examples, 2016)

Take a step back and think of your hometown's government. Unless you live in a very small town,
chances are that the local doctor is also the local policeman. In fact, there are plenty of municipal services
that make up the
small town. Each part of the government contributes something different. After all, you wouldn't want the
local dogcatcher to be too busy fighting fires to keep stray dogs out of your garbage.

Several decades ago, some sociologists thought that all of societies interact like this; where each part
of society had a specific task. They called this framework structural functionalism. While the ideas of
structural functionalism have fallen out of favor, let's take a bit to try and understand what they were saying.
Structural Functionalism in Theory
First, let's look at the history of structural functionalism. During the 19th century, the world was
becoming a much smaller space. Trains and steamships had linked the world in a way no one had thought
possible. While many
Europeans were starting to think of themselves as superior, due to their more 'advanced' culture, a French
philosopher, named Emile Durkheim, noticed this and started to think that society was made up of building
blocks that were focused towards a common goal. If people stopped agreeing on those common goals, then
society would disintegrate. However, as long as most people agreed, society would be fine.

In structural functionalism, individual institutions work together in service of the whole.

For example, this image of a circular flow of money through an economy demonstrates how
something that almost everyone can agree on, education, is made into a goal. Of course, this only worked as
long as everyone was focused. If one group disagreed on where society is going, then the whole thing falls
apart. These social bonds are very important.

However, structural functionalism had a serious problem. It was too far removed from actual society.
It assumed that these blocks were homogenous, all wanting the same thing. Also, it thought that all
motivation was a zero-sum game, meaning that there had to be winners and losers. After all, if you increase
funding for the police department, that money had to come from somewhere, right?

This all neglects that groups can have different starting points and different motivations. For a two-
person dog catching team, an extra $50,000 in funding is a big deal, while for a forty-person police
department, it is relatively minor. To put that into real world terms, structural functionalism assumed that all
of society's groups are always equal, which is simply not the case. Just turn on the news or watch any
political debate and you'll see that many groups of society are anything but equal.
 The method of functionalism was based on fieldwork and direct observations of societies. In the
structural functionalism approach, society, its institutions and roles, was the appropriate thing to study.
Cultural traits
supported or helped to preserve social structures.

Functionalism emphasizes the importance of the economy for any society, and the income and self-
fulfilment that work often provides. Conflict theory highlights the control of the economy by the economic
elite, the alienation of work, and various problems in the workplace.

The structural-functional approach is based on the view that a political system is made up of several
key components, including interest groups, political parties and branches of government.

The structural-functional approach is derived from earlier uses of functionalism and systems models
in anthropology, sociology, biology, and political science.
Structural functionalism became popular around 1960 when it became clear that ways of studying
U.S. and European politics were not useful in studying newly independent countries, and that a new
approach was needed.

Structural-functionalism assumes that a bounded (nation-state) system exists, and studies structures
in terms of their function(s) within the system.

For structural functionalists the question to be answered is what does a structure (guerrilla
movement, political party, election, etc.) do within the political system (of country x)? The goal is to find
out what something actually does in a political system, as opposed to what it is supposed to do.

Thus, structural functionalists would not waste time studying constitutions in Third World countries
if they found that the constitutions [structures] had little impact on political reality.

Almond claimed that certain political functions existed in all political systems. On the input side he
listed these functions as: political socialization, political interest articulation, political interest aggregation,
and political
communication. Listed as outputs were rule-making, rule implementation, and rule adjudication.

Other basic functions of all political systems included the conversion process, basic pattern
maintenance, and various capabilities (distributive, symbolic, etc.). Structural functionalists argued that all
political systems,
including Third World systems, could most fruitfully be studied and compared on the basis of how differing
structures performed these functions in the various political system.
Structural functionalism is based on a systems model. Conceptually, the political process can be depicted as
follows:
 For analytical purposes the political system is considered to be the nation-state, and the environment
is composed of the interactions of economic, social, and political variables and events, both domestic and
external.

The idea is that there are a number of actors in the national political system (political parties,
bureaucracies, the military, etc.) and that the actions of all these actors affect each other as well as the
system.

The political analyst must determine the importance of these actors in a particular political system.
This is done by analyzing the functions performed by the various actors. Any changes in the system also
affect all the actors. The feedback mechanisms allow for constantly changing inputs, as actors react to
outputs.

Structural functionalists, like systems analysts, have a bias toward systemic equilibrium, (i.e. toward
stability). Such a bias tends to make this approach conservative, as stability, or evolutionary change, is
preferred [and more easily analyzed], to radical, or revolutionary change.

A problem which arises with this system-based model is that the nationstate's boundaries are often
permeable in the real world, rather than being the neatly bounded nation-state conceptualized by structural
functionalists.

In other words, in the real world it is usually difficult to state exactly what the boundaries are,
leading to some conceptual difficulties.

For example, some international actors are only intermittent, such as the U.S. when it intervenes
directly in Haitian or Panamanian politics. Should U.S. military forces be considered a part of the
Panamanian or Haitian political systems?

The parts of society that Spencer referred to were the social institutions, or patterns of beliefs and
behaviors focused on meeting social needs, such as government, education, family, healthcare, religion, and
the economy.
 Talcott Parson (1902 - 1979) was an American sociologist and functionalist who attempted to
develop and perfect a general analytic model suitable for analyzing all types of collectivities. He was
concerned with how elements of society were functional for a society as well as social order. His five pattern
variables are considered as five dichotomies to draw out the contrasting values to which individuals orient
themselves in social interactions.

General Conceptual Diagram Durk et al. (2007)

The diagram below is a general conceptual diagram of Structural functionalism. It shows that all of
the different organizations and institutions in society are interdependent. When one institution in society
changes, other institutions accommodate that change by changing as well, though the ultimate effect is
toslow overall change.
Specific Conceptual Diagram Durk et al. (2007)

Below is a chart depicting how deviance is functional for society and how society responds to
deviance. A "deviant" individual commits an act that is deemed by the rest of society as criminal, because it
leads to public outrage and punishments. Because a large portion of society respond to the action as though
it is deviant, this draws a boundary between what is and is not deviant.

Thus, deviance actually helps to indicate what is not deviant, or, the function of labelling behaviors
or ideas as deviance is to insure that most people do not engage in those behaviors.

D. Application

Direction: Write down ten responsibilities of a teenager most especially today as we face the
COVID-19 pandemic. Do this in a separate sheet of paper like the example below.
V. Evaluation:

1. The teacher presents 5 questions in the screen.

Instructions: Answer each question.

1. He/She is an American sociologist and functionalist who attempted to develop and perfect a general
analytic model suitable for analyzing all types of collectivities.
2. He/She is a French philosopher who noticed and started to think that society was made up of
building blocks that were focused towards a common goal.
3. It is an approach in sociology that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to
promote solidarity and stability.
4. It refers to the innate qualities of individuals.
5. It is when role obligations are extended outside the defined role - expectations.

1. The teacher checks their answers after.

VI Assignment:
Direction: Identify at least three (3) different persons in your community and write about their
responsibilities in their chosen fields. Write/print their response on a separate sheet of paper.
VII REMARKS
Not carried out due to lack of time.

Prepared by: Checked by:

JUNEIL T. CORTEJOS EDGARDO A. BONAOY

Submitted to:

JENNIFER C. VERGEL,EdD.
School Head