Talaandig Report

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History of Talaandig

“Bukidnon” from bukid (mountain) and non (people), means “mountain people.”

The term was first used by Visayan coastal dwellers to identify the people of the

mountains of the province in north-central Mindanao that came to be called by the same

name. They are not related to the mountain dwellers of southern Negros, who are also

called “Bukidnon” by the lowland Visayan inhabitants.

The native name for the Bukidnon is Talaandig, a designation also used by the

Manobo. “Talaandig” derives from talaan (mark) and andig (worth emulating). It is the

term by which the western Bukidnon still refer to themselves. The northern Bukidnon

call themselves Higaonon or “shrimp removed from the water,” also “one who ascends

the mountains from the coastal plains,” referring to their displacement from their coastal

settlements to the hinterland. Some Bukidnon groups derive their name from the river

valleys they inhabit. For example, the Tagoloanon and the Pulangien are named after

the rivers Tagoloan and Pulangi, respectively, but they actually belong to the larger

ethnic group of Bukidnon. The Bukidnon people belong to the original proto-Philippine

or proto-Austronesian stock who came from south China thousands of years ago, earlier

than the zIfugao and other terrace-building peoples of northern Luzon. Ethnolinguist

Richard Elkins (1984) coined the term “Proto-Manobo” to designate this stock of

aboriginal non-Negritoid people of Mindanao. Culturally and racially, therefore, the

Bukidnon have much in common with the Manobo.

The proto-Manobo people originally established settlements on riverbanks and along

the coasts of northern Mindanao in an era before the birth of Christ. The population

grew steadily until the coming of the Sri Vijayans, followed by the conquest of

Madjapahit invaders. Those who were driven into the interior came.

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