Arabic Letter

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‫‪Letter‬‬ ‫‪Contextual forms‬‬ ‫‪Isolated‬‬

‫‪Letter‬‬ ‫‪name in Arabic‬‬ ‫‪form‬‬


‫‪Pronounciation‬‬
‫‪script‬‬

‫‪Final‬‬ ‫‪Medial‬‬ ‫‪Initia‬‬


‫‪l‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ʾalif‬‬
‫َألِف‬ ‫ـا‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪bāʾ/bah‬‬
‫َباء‪َ /‬به‬ ‫ـب‬ ‫ـبـ‬ ‫بـ‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪tāʾ/tah‬‬
‫َتاء‪َ /‬ته‬ ‫ـت‬ ‫ـتـ‬ ‫تـ‬ ‫ت‬
‫‪thāʾ/thah‬‬
‫َثاء‪َ /‬ثه‬ ‫ـث‬ ‫ـثـ‬ ‫ثـ‬ ‫ث‬
‫‪jīm‬‬
‫ِجيم‬ ‫ـج‬ ‫ـجـ‬ ‫جـ‬ ‫ج‬
‫‪ḥāʾ/ḥah‬‬
‫اء‪/‬حه‬
‫َح َ‬ ‫ـح‬ ‫ـحـ‬ ‫حـ‬ ‫ح‬
‫‪khāʾ/khah‬‬ ‫َخ َ‬
‫اء‪/‬خه‬ ‫ـخ‬ ‫ـخـ‬ ‫خـ‬ ‫خ‬
‫‪dāl/dāʾ/dah‬‬
‫َدال‪َ /‬داء‪/‬دَه‬ ‫ـد‬ ‫د‬
‫‪dhāl/dhāʾ/dhah‬‬ ‫َذال‪َ /‬ذ َ‬
‫اء‪/‬ذه‬ ‫ـذ‬ ‫ذ‬
‫‪rāʾ/rah‬‬
‫اء‪/‬ره‬‫َر َ‬ ‫ـر‬ ‫ر‬
‫‪zāy/zayn/zāʾ/‬‬
‫اي‪/‬زين‪/‬‬ ‫َز َ‬ ‫ـز‬ ‫ز‬
‫‪zah‬‬
‫اء‪/‬زه‬ ‫َز َ‬
‫‪sīn‬‬
‫سِ ين‬ ‫ـس‬ ‫ـسـ‬ ‫سـ‬ ‫س‬
‫‪shīn‬‬
‫شِ ين‬ ‫ـش‬ ‫ـشـ‬ ‫شـ‬ ‫ش‬
‫‪ṣād‬‬
‫صاد‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ـص‬ ‫ـصـ‬ ‫صـ‬ ‫ص‬
‫‪ḍād/ḍāʾ/ḍah‬‬
‫ضه‬
‫اد‪/‬ضاء‪َ /‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ض‬
‫َ‬ ‫ـض‬ ‫ـضـ‬ ‫ضـ‬ ‫ض‬
‫‪ṭāʾ/ṭah‬‬ ‫َط َ‬
‫اء‪/‬طه‬ ‫ـط‬ ‫ـطـ‬ ‫طـ‬ ‫ط‬
‫‪ẓāʾ/ẓah‬‬ ‫َظ َ‬
‫اء‪/‬ظه‬ ‫ـظ‬ ‫ـظـ‬ ‫ظـ‬ ‫ظ‬
‫‪ʿayn‬‬
‫َعيْن‬ ‫ـع‬ ‫ـعـ‬ ‫عـ‬ ‫ع‬
‫‪ghayn‬‬
‫َغيْن‬ ‫ـغ‬ ‫ـغـ‬ ‫غـ‬ ‫غ‬
‫‪fāʾ/fah‬‬
‫َفاء‪َ /‬فه‬ ‫ـف‬ ‫ـفـ‬ ‫فـ‬ ‫ف‬
qāf
‫َقاف‬ ‫ـق‬ ‫ـقـ‬ ‫قـ‬ ‫ق‬
kāf/kāʾ/kah
‫ َكه‬/‫ َكاء‬/‫َكاف‬ ‫ـڪ‬/‫ـك‬ ‫ـڪـ‬/‫ـكـ‬ ‫ڪـ‬/‫كـ‬ ‫ڪ‬/‫ك‬
lām
‫الَم‬ ‫ـل‬ ‫ـلـ‬ ‫لـ‬ ‫ل‬
mīm
‫مِيم‬ ‫ـم‬ ‫ـمـ‬ ‫مـ‬ ‫م‬
nūn
‫ُنون‬ ‫ـن‬ ‫ـنـ‬ ‫نـ‬ ‫ن‬
hāʾ/hah
‫ َهه‬/‫َهاء‬ ‫ـه‬ ‫ـهـ‬ ‫هـ‬ ‫ه‬
wāw
‫َواو‬ ‫ـو‬ ‫و‬
yāʾ/yah
‫ َيه‬/‫َياء‬ ‫ـے‬/‫ـي‬ ‫ـيـ‬ ‫يـ‬ ‫ے‬/‫ي‬
hamzah
‫َه ْمزة‬ ‫ء‬
(used in medial and final positions as an
unlinked letter)

ʾalif hamzah
‫َألِف َهمْزة‬ ‫ـٵ‬/‫ـأ‬ ‫ٵ‬/‫أ‬

‫ـإ‬ ‫إ‬
wāw hamzah
‫َواو َه ْمزة‬ ‫ـٶ‬/‫ـؤ‬ ‫ٶ‬/‫ؤ‬
yāʾ
hamzah/yah
‫ َيه‬/‫َياء َهمْ زة‬ ‫ـۓ‬/ࢨ‫ـ‬/‫ـٸ‬/‫ئ‬ ‫ـࢨـ‬/‫ـٸـ‬/‫ـئـ‬ ‫ࢨـ‬/‫ٸـ‬/‫ئـ‬ ‫ۓ‬/ࢨ/‫ٸ‬/‫ئ‬
hamzah ‫َه ْمزة‬
ʾalif maddah
‫َألِف َم َّدة‬ ‫ـآ‬ ‫آ‬
tāʾ
marbūṭah/tah
‫ته‬/‫تاء مربوطة‬ ‫ـة‬
(end only)
‫ة‬
marbūṭah ‫مربوطة‬
ʾalif maqṣūrah
‫الف مقصورة‬ ‫ـى‬ ‫ـىـ‬ ‫ىـ‬ ‫ى‬

Modified letters
The following are not individual letters, but rather different contextual variants of some of the
Arabic letters.

Conditional forms

Name Translit. Phonemic Value (IPA)


Isolate
Final Medial Initial
d
ʾalif maddah /ʔaː/(aka "lengthening/
‫آ‬ ‫ـآ‬ ā
stressing 'alif")
(‫)َألِفْ َمدَّة‬

(aka "correlated tā'")


used in final position only and
for denoting the
feminine noun/word or to make
the noun/word feminine;
tāʾ marbūṭah however, in rare irregular
h or
‫ة‬ ‫ـة‬ َ ‫) َتاءْ َمرْ ب‬
(‫ُوطة‬ t/ẗ noun/word cases, it appears to
denote the "masculine";
singular nouns: /a/,
plural nouns: āt (a preceding
letter followed by a fatḥah
alif + tāʾ = ‫)َـات‬

Two uses:
1. The letter called ‫ِف‬ ْ ‫َأل‬
‫ َم ْقصُورَ ة‬ alif maqṣūrah or ْ‫َألِف‬
‫لَ ِّي َنة‬ alif layyinah,
pronounced /aː/ in Modern
Standard Arabic. It is used only
at the end of words in some
ʾalif special cases to denote the
á or
‫ى‬ ‫ـى‬ ‫ـىـ‬ ‫ىـ‬ maqṣūrah ( ْ‫َألِف‬
y/ỳ
neuter/non-feminine aspect of
َ ‫) َم ْقص‬
‫ُورة‬ the word (mainly verbs),
where tā’ marbūṭah cannot be
used.
[citation needed]
2. A way of writing the
letter ‫ي‬ yāʾ without its dots at
the end of words, either
traditionally or in contemporary
use in Egypt and Sudan.

0 (٠) (ṣifr) ‫صفر‬

1 (١) (wāḥid) ‫واحد‬ m - (awwal) ‫ول‬


f - (ūla) ‫ولى‬
2 (٢) (iṯnān) ‫إثنان‬ (alṯani) ‫ثّاني‬

3 (٣) (ṯālaṯa) ‫ثالثة‬ ُ ِ‫ثّال‬


(alṯalṯu) ‫ث‬

4 (٤) (ārba’a) ‫أربعة‬ (alrab’eu) ‫رّابِ ُع‬


5 (٥) (ḫamsa) ‫خمسة‬ (alḫamsu) ُ‫خا ِمس‬

6 (٦) (sitta) ‫ستة‬ (alsadsu) ُ‫سّا ِدس‬

7 (٧) (sab’a) ‫سبعة‬ (alsab’eu) ‫ساب ُع‬

8 (٨) (ṯamāniya) ‫ثمانية‬ (alṯamnu) ُ‫ثّا ِمن‬

9 (٩) (tis’a) ‫تسعة‬ ِ ّ‫ت‬


(altas’eu) ‫اس ُع‬

10 (١٠) (‘ashra) ‫عشرة‬ (al‘ashru) ‫عا ِش ُر‬

Arabic Comma Symbol


،

Arabic Semicolon Symbol


‫؛‬

Arabic Question Mark Symbol


‫؟‬

Arabic Letter Hamza Symbol


‫ء‬

Arabic Letter Alef With Madda Above Symbol


‫آ‬

Arabic Letter Alef With Hamza Above Symbol


‫أ‬

Arabic Letter Waw With Hamza Above Symbol


‫ؤ‬
Arabic Letter Alef With Hamza Below Symbol
‫إ‬

Arabic Letter Yeh With Hamza Above Symbol


‫ئ‬

Arabic Letter Alef Symbol


‫ا‬

Arabic Letter Beh Symbol


‫ب‬

Arabic Letter Teh Marbuta Symbol


‫ة‬

Arabic Letter Teh Symbol


‫ت‬

Arabic Letter Theh Symbol


‫ث‬

Arabic Letter Jeem Symbol


‫ج‬

Arabic Letter Hah Symbol


‫ح‬

Arabic Letter Khah Symbol


‫خ‬

Arabic Letter Dal Symbol


‫د‬
Arabic Letter Thal Symbol
‫ذ‬

Arabic Letter Reh Symbol


‫ر‬

Arabic Letter Zain Symbol


‫ز‬

Arabic Letter Seen Symbol


‫س‬

Arabic Letter Sheen Symbol


‫ش‬

Arabic Letter Sad Symbol


‫ص‬

Arabic Letter Dad Symbol


‫ض‬

Arabic Letter Tah Symbol


‫ط‬

Arabic Letter Zah Symbol


‫ظ‬

Arabic Letter Ain Symbol


‫ع‬
Arabic Letter Ghain Symbol
‫غ‬

Arabic Tatweel Symbol


‫ـ‬

Arabic Letter Feh Symbol


‫ف‬

Arabic Letter Qaf Symbol


‫ق‬

Arabic Letter Kaf Symbol


‫ك‬

Arabic Letter Lam Symbol


‫ل‬

Arabic Letter Meem Symbol


‫م‬

Arabic Letter Noon Symbol


‫ن‬

Arabic Letter Heh Symbol


‫ه‬

Arabic Letter Waw Symbol


‫و‬
Arabic Letter Alef Maksura Symbol
‫ى‬

Arabic Letter Yeh Symbol


‫ي‬

Arabic Fathatan Symbol


ً

Arabic Dammatan Symbol


ٌ

Arabic Kasratan Symbol


ٍ

Arabic Fatha Symbol


َ

Arabic Damma Symbol


ُ

Arabic Kasra Symbol


ِ

Arabic Shadda Symbol


ّ

Arabic Sukun Symbol


ْ
Arabic Maddah Above Symbol
ٓ

Arabic Hamza Above Symbol


ٔ

Arabic Hamza Below Symbol


ٕ

Arabic Ligature Allah Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﷲ‬

Arabic Ligature Sallallahou Alayhe Wasallam Symbol


‫ﷺ‬

Arabic Ligature Jallajalalouhou Symbol


‫ﷻ‬

Arabic Ligature Salla Used As Koranic Stop Sign Isolated Form Symbol
‫ﷰ‬

Arabic Ligature Qala Used As Koranic Stop Sign Isolated Form Symbol
‫ﷱ‬

Arabic Ligature Akbar Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﷳ‬

Arabic Ligature Mohammad Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﷴ‬
Arabic Ligature Salam Isolated Form Symbol
‫ﷵ‬

Arabic Ligature Rasoul Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﷶ‬

Arabic Ligature Alayhe Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﷷ‬

Arabic Ligature Wasallam Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﷸ‬

Arabic Ligature Salla Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﷹ‬

Arabic Indic Digit Zero Symbol


٠

Arabic Indic Digit One Symbol


١

Arabic Indic Digit Two Symbol


٢

Arabic Indic Digit Three Symbol


٣

Arabic Indic Digit Four Symbol


٤
Arabic Indic Digit Five Symbol
٥

Arabic Indic Digit Six Symbol


٦

Arabic Indic Digit Seven Symbol


٧

Arabic Indic Digit Eight Symbol


٨

Arabic Indic Digit Nine Symbol


٩

Arabic Percent Sign Symbol


٪

Arabic Decimal Separator Symbol


٫

Arabic Thousands Separator Symbol


٬

Arabic Five Pointed Star Symbol


‫٭‬

Arabic Letter Dotless Beh Symbol


‫ٮ‬
Arabic Letter Dotless Qaf Symbol
‫ٯ‬

Arabic Letter Superscript Alef Symbol


ٰ

Arabic Letter Alef Wasla Symbol


‫ٱ‬

Arabic Letter Alef With Wavy Hamza Above Symbol


‫ٲ‬

Arabic Letter Alef With Wavy Hamza Below Symbol


‫ٳ‬

Arabic Letter High Hamza Symbol


‫ٴ‬

Arabic Letter High Hamza Alef Symbol


‫ٵ‬

Arabic Letter High Hamza Waw Symbol


‫ٶ‬

Arabic Letter U With Hamza Above Symbol


‫ٷ‬

Arabic Letter High Hamza Yeh Symbol


‫ٸ‬
Arabic Letter Tteh Symbol
‫ٹ‬

Arabic Letter Tteheh Symbol


‫ٺ‬

Arabic Letter Beeh Symbol


‫ٻ‬

Arabic Letter Teh With Ring Symbol


‫ټ‬

Arabic Letter Teh With Three Dots Above Downwards Symbol


‫ٽ‬

Arabic Letter Peh Symbol


‫پ‬

Arabic Letter Teheh Symbol


‫ٿ‬

Arabic Letter Beheh Symbol


‫ڀ‬

Arabic Letter Hah With Hamza Above Symbol


‫ځ‬

Arabic Letter Hah With Two Dots Vertical Above Symbol


‫ڂ‬
Arabic Letter Nyeh Symbol
‫ڃ‬

Arabic Letter Dyeh Symbol


‫ڄ‬

Arabic Letter Hah With Three Dots Above Symbol


‫څ‬

Arabic Letter Tcheh Symbol


‫چ‬

Arabic Letter Tcheheh Symbol


‫ڇ‬

Arabic Letter Ddal Symbol


‫ڈ‬

Arabic Letter Dal With Ring Symbol


‫ډ‬

Arabic Letter Dal With Dot Below Symbol


‫ڊ‬

Arabic Letter Dal With Dot Below And Small Tah Symbol
‫ڋ‬

Arabic Letter Dahal Symbol


‫ڌ‬
Arabic Letter Ddahal Symbol
‫ڍ‬

Arabic Letter Dul Symbol


‫ڎ‬

Arabic Letter Dal With Three Dots Above Downwards Symbol


‫ڏ‬

Arabic Letter Dal With Four Dots Above Symbol


‫ڐ‬

Arabic Letter Rreh Symbol


‫ڑ‬

Arabic Letter Reh With Small V Symbol


‫ڒ‬

Arabic Letter Reh With Ring Symbol


‫ړ‬

Arabic Letter Reh With Dot Below Symbol


‫ڔ‬

Arabic Letter Reh With Small V Below Symbol


‫ڕ‬

Arabic Letter Reh With Dot Below And Dot Above Symbol
‫ږ‬
Arabic Letter Reh With Two Dots Above Symbol
‫ڗ‬

Arabic Letter Jeh Symbol


‫ژ‬

Arabic Letter Reh With Four Dots Above Symbol


‫ڙ‬

Arabic Letter Seen With Dot Below And Dot Above Symbol
‫ښ‬

Arabic Letter Seen With Three Dots Below Symbol


‫ڛ‬

Arabic Letter Seen With Three Dots Below And Three Dots Above Symbol
‫ڜ‬

Arabic Letter Sad With Two Dots Below Symbol


‫ڝ‬

Arabic Letter Sad With Three Dots Above Symbol


‫ڞ‬

Arabic Letter Tah With Three Dots Above Symbol


‫ڟ‬

Arabic Letter Ain With Three Dots Above Symbol


‫ڠ‬
Arabic Letter Dotless Feh Symbol
‫ڡ‬

Arabic Letter Feh With Dot Moved Below Symbol


‫ڢ‬

Arabic Letter Feh With Dot Below Symbol


‫ڣ‬

Arabic Letter Veh Symbol


‫ڤ‬

Arabic Letter Feh With Three Dots Below Symbol


‫ڥ‬

Arabic Letter Peheh Symbol


‫ڦ‬

Arabic Letter Qaf With Dot Above Symbol


‫ڧ‬

Arabic Letter Qaf With Three Dots Above Symbol


‫ڨ‬

Arabic Letter Keheh Symbol


‫ک‬

Arabic Letter Swash Kaf Symbol


‫ڪ‬
Arabic Letter Kaf With Ring Symbol
‫ګ‬

Arabic Letter Kaf With Dot Above Symbol


‫ڬ‬

Arabic Letter Ng Symbol


‫ڭ‬

Arabic Letter Kaf With Three Dots Below Symbol


‫ڮ‬

Arabic Letter Gaf Symbol


‫گ‬

Arabic Letter Gaf With Ring Symbol


‫ڰ‬

Arabic Letter Ngoeh Symbol


‫ڱ‬

Arabic Letter Gaf With Two Dots Below Symbol


‫ڲ‬

Arabic Letter Gueh Symbol


‫ڳ‬

Arabic Letter Gaf With Three Dots Above Symbol


‫ڴ‬
Arabic Letter Lam With Small V Symbol
‫ڵ‬

Arabic Letter Lam With Dot Above Symbol


‫ڶ‬

Arabic Letter Lam With Three Dots Above Symbol


‫ڷ‬

Arabic Letter Lam With Three Dots Below Symbol


‫ڸ‬

Arabic Letter Noon With Dot Below Symbol


‫ڹ‬

Arabic Letter Noon Ghunna Symbol


‫ں‬

Arabic Letter Rnoon Symbol


‫ڻ‬

Arabic Letter Noon With Ring Symbol


‫ڼ‬

Arabic Letter Noon With Three Dots Above Symbol


‫ڽ‬

Arabic Letter Heh Doachashmee Symbol


‫ھ‬
Arabic Letter Tcheh With Dot Above Symbol
‫ڿ‬

Arabic Letter Heh With Yeh Above Symbol


‫ۀ‬

Arabic Letter Heh Goal Symbol


‫ہ‬

Arabic Letter Heh Goal With Hamza Above Symbol


‫ۂ‬

Arabic Letter Teh Marbuta Goal Symbol


‫ۃ‬

Arabic Letter Waw With Ring Symbol


‫ۄ‬

Arabic Letter Kirghiz Oe Symbol


‫ۅ‬

Arabic Letter Oe Symbol


‫ۆ‬

Arabic Letter U Symbol


‫ۇ‬

Arabic Letter Yu Symbol


‫ۈ‬
Arabic Letter Kirghiz Yu Symbol
‫ۉ‬

Arabic Letter Waw With Two Dots Above Symbol


‫ۊ‬

Arabic Letter Ve Symbol


‫ۋ‬

Arabic Letter Farsi Yeh Symbol


‫ی‬

Arabic Letter Yeh With Tail Symbol


‫ۍ‬

Arabic Letter Yeh With Small V Symbol


‫ێ‬

Arabic Letter Waw With Dot Above Symbol


‫ۏ‬

Arabic Letter E Symbol


‫ې‬

Arabic Letter Yeh With Three Dots Below Symbol


‫ۑ‬

Arabic Letter Yeh Barree Symbol


‫ے‬
Arabic Letter Yeh Barree With Hamza Above Symbol
‫ۓ‬

Arabic Full Stop Symbol


‫۔‬

Arabic Letter Ae Symbol


‫ە‬

ۖ Arabic Small High Ligature Sad With Lam With Alef Maksura Symbol

ۗ Arabic Small High Ligature Qaf With Lam With Alef Maksura Symbol

ۘ Arabic Small High Meem Initial Form Symbol

ۙ Arabic Small High Lam Alef Symbol

ۚ Arabic Small High Jeem Symbol

ۛ Arabic Small High Three Dots Symbol

ۜ Arabic Small High Seen Symbol


Arabic End Of Ayah Symbol
‫۝‬

Arabic Start Of Rub El Hizb Symbol


۞

۟ Arabic Small High Rounded Zero Symbol

۠ Arabic Small High Upright Rectangular Zero Symbol

ۡ Arabic Small High Dotless Head Of Khah Symbol

ۢ Arabic Small High Meem Isolated Form Symbol

Arabic Small Low Seen Symbol


ۣ

ۤ Arabic Small High Madda Symbol

Arabic Small Waw Symbol


‫ۥ‬

Arabic Small Yeh Symbol


‫ۦ‬
ۧ Arabic Small High Yeh Symbol

ۨ Arabic Small High Noon Symbol

Arabic Place Of Sajdah Symbol


۩

Arabic Empty Centre Low Stop Symbol


۪

۫ Arabic Empty Centre High Stop Symbol

۬ Arabic Rounded High Stop With Filled Centre Symbol

Arabic Small Low Meem Symbol


ۭ

Extended Arabic Indic Digit Zero Symbol


۰

Extended Arabic Indic Digit One Symbol


۱

Extended Arabic Indic Digit Two Symbol


۲
Extended Arabic Indic Digit Three Symbol
۳

Extended Arabic Indic Digit Four Symbol


۴

Extended Arabic Indic Digit Five Symbol


۵

Extended Arabic Indic Digit Six Symbol


۶

Extended Arabic Indic Digit Seven Symbol


۷

Extended Arabic Indic Digit Eight Symbol


۸

Extended Arabic Indic Digit Nine Symbol


۹

Arabic Letter Sheen With Dot Below Symbol


‫ۺ‬

Arabic Letter Dad With Dot Below Symbol


‫ۻ‬

Arabic Letter Ghain With Dot Below Symbol


‫ۼ‬
Arabic Sign Sindhi Ampersand Symbol
‫۽‬

Arabic Sign Sindhi Postposition Men Symbol


‫۾‬

Arabic Fathatan Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﹰ‬

Arabic Tatweel With Fathatan Above Symbol


‫ﹱ‬

Arabic Dammatan Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﹲ‬

Arabic Kasratan Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﹴ‬

Arabic Fatha Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﹶ‬

Arabic Fatha Medial Form Symbol


‫ﹷ‬

Arabic Damma Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﹸ‬

Arabic Damma Medial Form Symbol


‫ﹹ‬
Arabic Kasra Isolated Form Symbol
‫ﹺ‬

Arabic Kasra Medial Form Symbol


‫ﹻ‬

Arabic Shadda Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﹼ‬

Arabic Shadda Medial Form Symbol


‫ﹽ‬

Arabic Sukun Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﹾ‬

Arabic Sukun Medial Form Symbol


‫ﹿ‬

Arabic Letter Hamza Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺀ‬

Arabic Letter Alef With Madda Above Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺁ‬

‫ﺂ‬
Arabic Letter Alef With Madda Above Final Form Symbol

Arabic Letter Alef With Hamza Above Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺃ‬
Arabic Letter Alef With Hamza Above Final Form Symbol
‫ﺄ‬

Arabic Letter Waw With Hamza Above Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺅ‬

Arabic Letter Waw With Hamza Above Final Form Symbol


‫ﺆ‬

Arabic Letter Alef With Hamza Below Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺇ‬

Arabic Letter Alef With Hamza Below Final Form Symbol


‫ﺈ‬

Arabic Letter Yeh With Hamza Above Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺉ‬

Arabic Letter Yeh With Hamza Above Final Form Symbol


‫ﺊ‬

Arabic Letter Yeh With Hamza Above Initial Form Symbol


‫ﺋ‬

Arabic Letter Yeh With Hamza Above Medial Form Symbol


‫ﺌ‬

Arabic Letter Alef Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺍ‬
Arabic Letter Alef Final Form Symbol
‫ﺎ‬

Arabic Letter Beh Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺏ‬

Arabic Letter Beh Final Form Symbol


‫ﺐ‬

Arabic Letter Beh Initial Form Symbol


‫ﺑ‬

Arabic Letter Beh Medial Form Symbol


‫ﺒ‬

Arabic Letter Teh Marbuta Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺓ‬

Arabic Letter Teh Marbuta Final Form Symbol


‫ﺔ‬

Arabic Letter Teh Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺕ‬

Arabic Letter Teh Final Form Symbol


‫ﺖ‬

Arabic Letter Teh Initial Form Symbol


‫ﺗ‬
Arabic Letter Teh Medial Form Symbol
‫ﺘ‬

Arabic Letter Theh Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺙ‬

Arabic Letter Theh Final Form Symbol


‫ﺚ‬

Arabic Letter Theh Initial Form Symbol


‫ﺛ‬

Arabic Letter Theh Medial Form Symbol


‫ﺜ‬

Arabic Letter Jeem Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺝ‬

Arabic Letter Jeem Final Form Symbol


‫ﺞ‬

Arabic Letter Jeem Initial Form Symbol


‫ﺟ‬

Arabic Letter Jeem Medial Form Symbol


‫ﺠ‬

Arabic Letter Hah Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺡ‬
Arabic Letter Hah Final Form Symbol
‫ﺢ‬

Arabic Letter Hah Initial Form Symbol


‫ﺣ‬

Arabic Letter Hah Medial Form Symbol


‫ﺤ‬

Arabic Letter Khah Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺥ‬

Arabic Letter Khah Final Form Symbol


‫ﺦ‬

Arabic Letter Khah Initial Form Symbol


‫ﺧ‬

Arabic Letter Khah Medial Form Symbol


‫ﺨ‬

Arabic Letter Dal Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺩ‬

Arabic Letter Dal Final Form Symbol


‫ﺪ‬

Arabic Letter Thal Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺫ‬
Arabic Letter Thal Final Form Symbol
‫ﺬ‬

Arabic Letter Reh Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺭ‬

Arabic Letter Reh Final Form Symbol


‫ﺮ‬

Arabic Letter Zain Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺯ‬

Arabic Letter Zain Final Form Symbol


‫ﺰ‬

Arabic Letter Seen Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺱ‬

Arabic Letter Seen Final Form Symbol


‫ﺲ‬

Arabic Letter Seen Initial Form Symbol


‫ﺳ‬

Arabic Letter Seen Medial Form Symbol


‫ﺴ‬

Arabic Letter Sheen Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺵ‬
Arabic Letter Sheen Final Form Symbol
‫ﺶ‬

Arabic Letter Sheen Initial Form Symbol


‫ﺷ‬

Arabic Letter Sheen Medial Form Symbol


‫ﺸ‬

Arabic Letter Sad Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺹ‬

Arabic Letter Sad Final Form Symbol


‫ﺺ‬

Arabic Letter Sad Initial Form Symbol


‫ﺻ‬

Arabic Letter Sad Medial Form Symbol


‫ﺼ‬

Arabic Letter Dad Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﺽ‬

Arabic Letter Dad Final Form Symbol


‫ﺾ‬

Arabic Letter Dad Initial Form Symbol


‫ﺿ‬
Arabic Letter Dad Medial Form Symbol
‫ﻀ‬

Arabic Letter Tah Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﻁ‬

Arabic Letter Tah Final Form Symbol


‫ﻂ‬

Arabic Letter Tah Initial Form Symbol


‫ﻃ‬

Arabic Letter Tah Medial Form Symbol


‫ﻄ‬

Arabic Letter Zah Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﻅ‬

Arabic Letter Zah Final Form Symbol


‫ﻆ‬

Arabic Letter Zah Initial Form Symbol


‫ﻇ‬

Arabic Letter Zah Medial Form Symbol


‫ﻈ‬

Arabic Letter Ain Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﻉ‬
Arabic Letter Ain Final Form Symbol
‫ﻊ‬

Arabic Letter Ain Initial Form Symbol


‫ﻋ‬

Arabic Letter Ain Medial Form Symbol


‫ﻌ‬

Arabic Letter Ghain Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﻍ‬

Arabic Letter Ghain Final Form Symbol


‫ﻎ‬

Arabic Letter Ghain Initial Form Symbol


‫ﻏ‬

Arabic Letter Ghain Medial Form Symbol


‫ﻐ‬

Arabic Letter Feh Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﻑ‬

Arabic Letter Feh Final Form Symbol


‫ﻒ‬

Arabic Letter Feh Initial Form Symbol


‫ﻓ‬
Arabic Letter Feh Medial Form Symbol
‫ﻔ‬

Arabic Letter Qaf Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﻕ‬

Arabic Letter Qaf Final Form Symbol


‫ﻖ‬

Arabic Letter Qaf Initial Form Symbol


‫ﻗ‬

Arabic Letter Qaf Medial Form Symbol


‫ﻘ‬

Arabic Letter Kaf Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﻙ‬

Arabic Letter Kaf Final Form Symbol


‫ﻚ‬

Arabic Letter Kaf Initial Form Symbol


‫ﻛ‬

Arabic Letter Kaf Medial Form Symbol


‫ﻜ‬

Arabic Letter Lam Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﻝ‬
Arabic Letter Lam Final Form Symbol
‫ﻞ‬

Arabic Letter Lam Initial Form Symbol


‫ﻟ‬

Arabic Letter Lam Medial Form Symbol


‫ﻠ‬

Arabic Letter Meem Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﻡ‬

Arabic Letter Meem Final Form Symbol


‫ﻢ‬

Arabic Letter Meem Initial Form Symbol


‫ﻣ‬

Arabic Letter Meem Medial Form Symbol


‫ﻤ‬

Arabic Letter Noon Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﻥ‬

Arabic Letter Noon Final Form Symbol


‫ﻦ‬

Arabic Letter Noon Initial Form Symbol


‫ﻧ‬
Arabic Letter Noon Medial Form Symbol
‫ﻨ‬

Arabic Letter Heh Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﻩ‬

Arabic Letter Heh Final Form Symbol


‫ﻪ‬

Arabic Letter Heh Initial Form Symbol


‫ﻫ‬

Arabic Letter Heh Medial Form Symbol


‫ﻬ‬

Arabic Letter Waw Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﻭ‬

Arabic Letter Waw Final Form Symbol


‫ﻮ‬

Arabic Letter Alef Maksura Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﻯ‬

Arabic Letter Alef Maksura Final Form Symbol


‫ﻰ‬

Arabic Letter Yeh Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﻱ‬
Arabic Letter Yeh Final Form Symbol
‫ﻲ‬

Arabic Letter Yeh Initial Form Symbol


‫ﻳ‬

Arabic Letter Yeh Medial Form Symbol


‫ﻴ‬

Arabic Ligature Lam With Alef With Madda Above Isolated Form Symbol
‫ﻵ‬

Arabic Ligature Lam With Alef With Madda Above Final Form Symbol
‫ﻶ‬

Arabic Ligature Lam With Alef With Hamza Above Isolated Form Symbol
‫ﻷ‬

Arabic Ligature Lam With Alef With Hamza Above Final Form Symbol
‫ﻸ‬

Arabic Ligature Lam With Alef With Hamza Below Isolated Form Symbol
‫ﻹ‬

Arabic Ligature Lam With Alef With Hamza Below Final Form Symbol
‫ﻺ‬

Arabic Ligature Lam With Alef Isolated Form Symbol


‫ﻻ‬
Arabic Ligature Lam With Alef Final Form Symbol
‫ﻼ‬

The Arabic Alphabet: Consonants


Isolate Initia Media Transliteratio Pronunciatio
Name Final Sound
d l l n n
long
unrounded
'alif ‫ا‬ ‫ـا‬ '/ā low central
back
'a' as in
'Aleef'
vowel

voiced
Bā' ‫ـب ـبـ بـ ب‬ b bilabial
stop
'b' as in
'baadshah'

voiced
Tā' ‫ـت ـتـ تـ ت‬ t aspirated
stop
't' as in 't'

voiceless
Thā' ‫ـث ـثـ ثـ ث‬ th interdental
fricative
'th' as in
'think'

voiced
Jīm ‫ـج ـجـ جـ ج‬ j palatal
affricate
'j' as in 'jam'

voiceless only in
Ḥā' ‫ـح ـحـ حـ ح‬ ḥ
pharyngeal
constricted
Arabic; a
constricted
fricative English 'h'
voiceless 'ch' as in
Khā' ‫ـخ ـخـ خـ خ‬ kh velar
fricative
German
'Bach'

Dāl ‫د‬ ‫ـد‬ d


voiced 'd' as in 'deer'
dental stop (approx.)

voiced
Dhāl ‫ذ‬ ‫ـذ‬ dh interdental
fricative
'th' as in
'there'

Rā' ‫ر‬ ‫ـر‬ r


voiced
dental trill
'r' as in 'run'
(approx.)

voiced
Zāy ‫ز‬ ‫ـز‬ z dental
sibilant
'z' as in 'zoo'
(approx.)

voiceless
Sīn ‫ـس ـسـ سـ س‬ s dental
sibilant
's' as in 'sit'

voiceless
Shīn ‫ـش ـشـ شـ ش‬ sh palatal
sibilant
'sh' as in
'shut'

the
counterpart

‫ـص ص ـ ـ‬ of Sῑn; all the


voiceless 'emphatics'
Ṣād ‫ص‬ ‫ـص‬ ṣ
post-dental
sibilant
are
pronounced

‫ـ ـ‬ emphatic with the back


of the tongue
slightly
raised
‫ـض ض ـ ـ‬ voiced
the
Ḍād ‫ض‬ ‫ـض‬ ḍ
post-dental
emphatic
counterpart
of Dāl
‫ـ ـ‬ stop

voiceless
the
Ṭā' ‫ـط ـطـ طـ ط‬ ṭ
post-dental
emphatic
counterpart
of Tā'
stop
voiced
post- the
Ẓā' ‫ـظ ـظـ ظـ ظ‬ ẓ interdental
emphatic
counterpart
of Dhāl
fricative
purely Arabic
-- a
constriction
of the throat
voiced
c
ayn ‫ـع ـعـ عـ ع‬ c
pharyngeal
fricative
and an
expulsion of
the breath
with the
vocal cords
vibrating
close to a
voiced French 'r' as
Ghayn ‫ـغ ـغـ غـ غ‬ gh uvular
fricative
in 'Paris' --
like a gentle
gargling
labio-
Fā' ‫ـف ـفـ فـ ف‬ f
dental
voiceless
'f' as in 'free'
fricative
'k' in the back
voiceless
of the throat;
Qāf ‫ـق ـقـ قـ ق‬ q
unaspirate
d uvular
compare
'cough' with
stop
'calf'
voiceless
Kāf ‫ـك ـكـ كـ ك‬ k
aspirated
palatal or
'k' as in 'king'
velar stop

voiced
Lām ‫ـل ـلـ لـ ل‬ l dental
lateral
'l' as in 'lift'

voiced
Mīm ‫ـم ـمـ مـ م‬ m bilabial
nasal
'm' as in
'moon'

voiced
Nūn ‫ـن ـنـ نـ ن‬ n dental
nasal
'n' as in 'net'

voiceless
Hā' ‫ـه ـهـ هـ ه‬ h glottal
fricative
'h' as in
'house'

voiced
Wāw ‫و‬ ‫ـو‬ w bilabial
glide
'w' as in
'wonder'

voiced
Yā' ‫ـي ـيـ يـ ي‬ y palatal
glide
'y' as in
'yellow'

Hamza ' voiceless not a

‫ء‬ glottal stop phoneme in


English but
found in
some
exclamations
-- e.g. 'oh-oh'

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