Arabic Letter
Arabic Letter
Arabic Letter
ʾalif
َألِف ـا ا
bāʾ/bah
َباءَ /به ـب ـبـ بـ ب
tāʾ/tah
َتاءَ /ته ـت ـتـ تـ ت
thāʾ/thah
َثاءَ /ثه ـث ـثـ ثـ ث
jīm
ِجيم ـج ـجـ جـ ج
ḥāʾ/ḥah
اء/حه
َح َ ـح ـحـ حـ ح
khāʾ/khah َخ َ
اء/خه ـخ ـخـ خـ خ
dāl/dāʾ/dah
َدالَ /داء/دَه ـد د
dhāl/dhāʾ/dhah َذالَ /ذ َ
اء/ذه ـذ ذ
rāʾ/rah
اء/رهَر َ ـر ر
zāy/zayn/zāʾ/
اي/زين/ َز َ ـز ز
zah
اء/زه َز َ
sīn
سِ ين ـس ـسـ سـ س
shīn
شِ ين ـش ـشـ شـ ش
ṣād
صاد َ ـص ـصـ صـ ص
ḍād/ḍāʾ/ḍah
ضه
اد/ضاءَ / َ ض
َ ـض ـضـ ضـ ض
ṭāʾ/ṭah َط َ
اء/طه ـط ـطـ طـ ط
ẓāʾ/ẓah َظ َ
اء/ظه ـظ ـظـ ظـ ظ
ʿayn
َعيْن ـع ـعـ عـ ع
ghayn
َغيْن ـغ ـغـ غـ غ
fāʾ/fah
َفاءَ /فه ـف ـفـ فـ ف
qāf
َقاف ـق ـقـ قـ ق
kāf/kāʾ/kah
َكه/ َكاء/َكاف ـڪ/ـك ـڪـ/ـكـ ڪـ/كـ ڪ/ك
lām
الَم ـل ـلـ لـ ل
mīm
مِيم ـم ـمـ مـ م
nūn
ُنون ـن ـنـ نـ ن
hāʾ/hah
َهه/َهاء ـه ـهـ هـ ه
wāw
َواو ـو و
yāʾ/yah
َيه/َياء ـے/ـي ـيـ يـ ے/ي
hamzah
َه ْمزة ء
(used in medial and final positions as an
unlinked letter)
ʾalif hamzah
َألِف َهمْزة ـٵ/ـأ ٵ/أ
ـإ إ
wāw hamzah
َواو َه ْمزة ـٶ/ـؤ ٶ/ؤ
yāʾ
hamzah/yah
َيه/َياء َهمْ زة ـۓ/ࢨـ/ـٸ/ئ ـࢨـ/ـٸـ/ـئـ ࢨـ/ٸـ/ئـ ۓ/ࢨ/ٸ/ئ
hamzah َه ْمزة
ʾalif maddah
َألِف َم َّدة ـآ آ
tāʾ
marbūṭah/tah
ته/تاء مربوطة ـة
(end only)
ة
marbūṭah مربوطة
ʾalif maqṣūrah
الف مقصورة ـى ـىـ ىـ ى
Modified letters
The following are not individual letters, but rather different contextual variants of some of the
Arabic letters.
Conditional forms
Two uses:
1. The letter called ِف ْ َأل
َم ْقصُورَ ة alif maqṣūrah or َْألِف
لَ ِّي َنة alif layyinah,
pronounced /aː/ in Modern
Standard Arabic. It is used only
at the end of words in some
ʾalif special cases to denote the
á or
ى ـى ـىـ ىـ maqṣūrah ( َْألِف
y/ỳ
neuter/non-feminine aspect of
َ ) َم ْقص
ُورة the word (mainly verbs),
where tā’ marbūṭah cannot be
used.
[citation needed]
2. A way of writing the
letter ي yāʾ without its dots at
the end of words, either
traditionally or in contemporary
use in Egypt and Sudan.
Arabic Ligature Salla Used As Koranic Stop Sign Isolated Form Symbol
ﷰ
Arabic Ligature Qala Used As Koranic Stop Sign Isolated Form Symbol
ﷱ
Arabic Letter Dal With Dot Below And Small Tah Symbol
ڋ
Arabic Letter Reh With Dot Below And Dot Above Symbol
ږ
Arabic Letter Reh With Two Dots Above Symbol
ڗ
Arabic Letter Seen With Dot Below And Dot Above Symbol
ښ
Arabic Letter Seen With Three Dots Below And Three Dots Above Symbol
ڜ
ۖ Arabic Small High Ligature Sad With Lam With Alef Maksura Symbol
ۗ Arabic Small High Ligature Qaf With Lam With Alef Maksura Symbol
ﺂ
Arabic Letter Alef With Madda Above Final Form Symbol
Arabic Ligature Lam With Alef With Madda Above Isolated Form Symbol
ﻵ
Arabic Ligature Lam With Alef With Madda Above Final Form Symbol
ﻶ
Arabic Ligature Lam With Alef With Hamza Above Isolated Form Symbol
ﻷ
Arabic Ligature Lam With Alef With Hamza Above Final Form Symbol
ﻸ
Arabic Ligature Lam With Alef With Hamza Below Isolated Form Symbol
ﻹ
Arabic Ligature Lam With Alef With Hamza Below Final Form Symbol
ﻺ
voiced
Bā' ـب ـبـ بـ ب b bilabial
stop
'b' as in
'baadshah'
voiced
Tā' ـت ـتـ تـ ت t aspirated
stop
't' as in 't'
voiceless
Thā' ـث ـثـ ثـ ث th interdental
fricative
'th' as in
'think'
voiced
Jīm ـج ـجـ جـ ج j palatal
affricate
'j' as in 'jam'
voiceless only in
Ḥā' ـح ـحـ حـ ح ḥ
pharyngeal
constricted
Arabic; a
constricted
fricative English 'h'
voiceless 'ch' as in
Khā' ـخ ـخـ خـ خ kh velar
fricative
German
'Bach'
voiced
Dhāl ذ ـذ dh interdental
fricative
'th' as in
'there'
voiced
Zāy ز ـز z dental
sibilant
'z' as in 'zoo'
(approx.)
voiceless
Sīn ـس ـسـ سـ س s dental
sibilant
's' as in 'sit'
voiceless
Shīn ـش ـشـ شـ ش sh palatal
sibilant
'sh' as in
'shut'
the
counterpart
voiceless
the
Ṭā' ـط ـطـ طـ ط ṭ
post-dental
emphatic
counterpart
of Tā'
stop
voiced
post- the
Ẓā' ـظ ـظـ ظـ ظ ẓ interdental
emphatic
counterpart
of Dhāl
fricative
purely Arabic
-- a
constriction
of the throat
voiced
c
ayn ـع ـعـ عـ ع c
pharyngeal
fricative
and an
expulsion of
the breath
with the
vocal cords
vibrating
close to a
voiced French 'r' as
Ghayn ـغ ـغـ غـ غ gh uvular
fricative
in 'Paris' --
like a gentle
gargling
labio-
Fā' ـف ـفـ فـ ف f
dental
voiceless
'f' as in 'free'
fricative
'k' in the back
voiceless
of the throat;
Qāf ـق ـقـ قـ ق q
unaspirate
d uvular
compare
'cough' with
stop
'calf'
voiceless
Kāf ـك ـكـ كـ ك k
aspirated
palatal or
'k' as in 'king'
velar stop
voiced
Lām ـل ـلـ لـ ل l dental
lateral
'l' as in 'lift'
voiced
Mīm ـم ـمـ مـ م m bilabial
nasal
'm' as in
'moon'
voiced
Nūn ـن ـنـ نـ ن n dental
nasal
'n' as in 'net'
voiceless
Hā' ـه ـهـ هـ ه h glottal
fricative
'h' as in
'house'
voiced
Wāw و ـو w bilabial
glide
'w' as in
'wonder'
voiced
Yā' ـي ـيـ يـ ي y palatal
glide
'y' as in
'yellow'