Respiratory System 3

RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
Parts of the respiratory
system
What is Human Respiration?
The human respiratory system allows
one to obtain oxygen, eliminate carbon
dioxide.
Breathing consists of two
phases, inspiration and expiration
Inspiration- the process of taking in air
Expiration- the process of blowing out
air
Organs in the Respiratory System
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
warms, moistens, & filters air as it is

nose / nasal cavity
inhaled
pharynx (throat) passageway for air, leads to trachea
the voice box, where vocal chords are

larynx
located
keeps the windpipe "open"

trachea is lined with fine hairs called
trachea (windpipe)
cilia which filter air before it reaches the
lungs
two branches at the end of the trachea,

bronchi
each lead to a lung
a network of smaller branches leading from

bronchioles the bronchi into the lung tissue &
ultimately to air sacs
Malfunctions & Diseases of the Respiratory System
severe allergic reaction

characterized by the
asthma
constriction of
bronchioles
inflammation of the lining
bronchitis
of the bronchioles
condition in which the
alveoli deteriorate,
emphysema
causing the lungs to lose
their elasticity
condition in which the
alveoli become filled with
pneumonia
fluid, preventing the
exchange of gases
irregular & uncontrolled
lung cancer growth of tumors in the
lung tissue
Chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) is a lung disease
characterized by chronic obstruction
of lung airflow that interferes with
normal breathing and is not fully
reversible. The more familiar terms
'chronic bronchitis' and 'emphysema'
are no longer used, but are now
included within the COPD diagnosis.
The NASAL CAVITY (nose) is the preferred
entrance for outside air into the Respiratory
System. The hairs that line the inside wall are
part of the air-cleansing system.
Air also enters through the ORAL CAVITY

(mouth), especially in people who have a mouth-
breathing habit or whose nasal passages may be
temporarily obstructed, as by a cold.
The PHARYNX (throat) collects incoming air from

the nose and passes it downward to the trachea
(windpipe).
The larynx forms the entrance to the lower
respiratory system. With the help of the
epiglottis (a leaf-shaped flap), the larynx
prevents food or liquid from entering the lower
respiratory tract while swallowing.
The TRACHEA (windpipe) is the passage

leading from the pharynx to the lungs.
The trachea divides into the two main

BRONCHI (tubes), one for each lung. These, in
turn, subdivide further into bronchioles.
One bronchus leads to the right lung,
the other to the left lung. The bronchi also
contain C-shaped cartilage rings like
the trachea.
Deeper in the lungs, each bronchus divides

into secondary and tertiary bronchi, which
continue to branch to smaller airways called
the bronchioles.
The bronchioles end in air sacs called
the alveoli. Alveoli are bunched together into clusters to form
alveolar sacs. On the surface of each alveolus, there is a
network of capillaries carrying blood that has come through
veins from other parts of the body. Here gas exchange occurs --
carbon dioxide from the blood is exchanged for oxygen from
the alveoli. After the blood
is oxygenated, it goes to the heart
(between the two lungs), where it is pumped out to all of the
body tissues and extremities. When you breathe out, the
carbon dioxide is exhaled and expelled from the body.
The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system. In
the lungs oxygen is taken into the body and carbon dioxide is
breathed out. The red blood cells are responsible for picking
up the oxygen in the lungs and carrying the oxygen to all the
body cells that need it. The red blood cells drop off the
oxygen to the body cells, then pick up the carbon dioxide
which is a waste gas product produced by our cells. The red
blood cells transport the carbon dioxide back to the lungs and
we breathe it out when we exhale.
The RIGHT LUNG is divided into three LOBES, or sections.

The left lung is divided into two LOBES.
The DIAPHRAGM is the strong wall of
muscle that separates the chest cavity
from the abdominal cavity. By moving
downward, it creates suction to draw in
air and expand the lungs.
Upon exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes

and returns to its domelike shape, and air
is forced out of the lungs.
Which is larger, left lung
or right lung?
• the right lung is larger and has more

lobes than the left lung (3 vs 2). This
is because the heart is normally
located on the left side, and takes up
space in what would have been the
left lung.
Why Do I Yawn?
When you are sleepy or drowsy the

lungs do not take enough oxygen
from the air. This causes a
shortage of oxygen in our bodies.
The brain senses this shortage of
oxygen and sends a message that
causes you to take a deep long
breath---a YAWN.
Why Do I Sneeze?
Sneezing is like a cough in the upper

breathing passages. It is the body's way
of removing an irritant from the sensitive
mucous membranes of the nose. Many
things can irritate the mucous membranes.
Dust, pollen, pepper or even a cold blast of
air are just some of the many things that
may cause you to sneeze.
What Causes Hiccups?
Hiccups are the sudden movements

of the diaphragm. It is involuntary --
- you have no control over hiccups, as
you well know. There are many causes
of hiccups. The diaphragm may get
irritated, you may have eaten to
fast, or maybe some substance in the
blood could even have brought on the
hiccups.

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RESPIRATORY

warms, moistens, & filters air as it is

pharynx (throat) passageway for air, leads to trachea

the voice box, where vocal chords are

keeps the windpipe "open"

two branches at the end of the trachea,

a network of smaller branches leading from

severe allergic reaction

Air also enters through the ORAL CAVITY

The PHARYNX (throat) collects incoming air from

The TRACHEA (windpipe) is the passage

The trachea divides into the two main

Deeper in the lungs, each bronchus divides

The RIGHT LUNG is divided into three LOBES, or sections.

Upon exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes

• the right lung is larger and has more

When you are sleepy or drowsy the

Sneezing is like a cough in the upper

Hiccups are the sudden movements

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