VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI

A Mini Project Work Report on

“STUDY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTOMATION IN

COREX PLANT”
Submitted in partial fulfillment for curriculum prescribed for sixth semester
Bachelor’s degree in
Electrical & Electronics Engineering
during the year
2021-22
PROJECT ASSOCIATES

1. AKULA ROHITH [3PG11EE004]

2. BHARATH KUMAR P L [3PG11EE011]
3. SHAILENDRA KUMAR K [3PG11EE040]
4. SHASHIKANTH SHARMA [3PG11EE042]

Under the Guidance of

Prof. MADHVARAJA. K M.Tech

Assistant Professor

PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
T.B. DAM, HOSAPETE-583225
 V.V.SANGHA’S

PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
T.B. DAM, HOSAPETE-583225.
(AFFILIATED TO VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI & APPROVED BY
AICTE, NEW DELHI.)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Mini Project work entitled “STUDY

STUDY AND
IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTOMATION IN COREX PLANT”
PLANT is a bonafide work
carried out by “AKULA ROHITH (USN), BHARATH KUMAR P L (USN),
SHAILENDRA KUMAR K B (USN), SHASHI KANTH SHARMA (USN)” in partial
fulfillment for curriculum prescribed for sixth semester Bachelor of Engineering in
“Electrical & Electronics” of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi,
during the year 2020-2021. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for
Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in the department
library. The mini project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirements in respect of Mini project work prescribed for said Degree.

.................................. ......................................
Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD
Prof.MADHVARAJA. K M.Tech Prof. PRAKASHA .S M.TECH. (PhD)

......................................................
Signature of the Principal
Dr. S.M. SHASHIDHAR ME.PhD

External Viva

Name of the Examiner Signature with date

1. .............................................. .........................................

2................................................ ......................................

II
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I express deep sense of gratitude to my guide Prof. Madhvaraja K, Assistant
Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, PDIT, Hosapete, for his
invaluable guidance and suggestions imparted at various stages in carrying out this Mini
project work successfully.
I would like to thank, Prof. Madhvaraja K & Prof. Kavya G, Mini project work
Coordinators, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, PDIT, Hosapete, for his
extended encouragement and support during this Mini project work.
I would like to add a few words to express my thanks to Prof. Prakasha.S, HOD of
Electrical & Electronics Engineering, of PDIT, Hosapete, for their valuable and unstinted
advice from time to time.
I am grateful to Dr. SM Shashidhar, Principal, PDIT, Hosapete, for having provided
us an excellent academic environment which has nurtured our practical skills and for kindly
obliging the requests and providing timely assistance.
I express my sincere thanks to all the faculty and staff members of Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering, PDIT, Hosapete, for their kind and constant support
throughout the Mini project work.
I would like to thank the Almighty, who has always guided me to work on the right
path of the life. My greatest thanks are to my parents who bestowed ability and strength in me
to complete this work.
I am also thankful to the authors whose work has been consulted, utilized and cited in
this report.
Words are often less to reveal one’s deep regards. An understanding of work like this
is never the outcome of the efforts of a single person. I take this opportunity to express my
profound sense of gratitude and respect to all those who helped me directly and indirectly
throughout the duration of this Mini project.

PROJECT ASSOCIATES

AKULA ROHITH
BHARATH KUMAR P L
SHAILENDRA KUMAR K B
SHASHIKANTH SHARMA

III
 UNDERTAKING

We, are hereby undertake that the Mini project work entitled “Smart meter based
distribution security monitoring control” is carried out by us independently under the
guidance of Prof. Madhvaraja K, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering,
PDIT, Hosapete, in partial fulfillment for curriculum prescribed for sixth semester Bachelor
of Engineering in “Electrical & Electronics” of the Visvesvaraya Technological University,
Belagavi, during the year 2020-2021. The Mini project has been my original work and has
not formed the basis for the award of any degree, associateship, fellowship or any other
similar titles.

PROJECT ASSOCIATES

AKULA ROHITH

BHARATH KUMAR P L

SHAILENDRA KUMAR K B

SHASHIKANTH SHARMA

IV
 ABSTRACT

The application of Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) system is presently used for e-
billing and e-monitoring. The power system of the future will incorporate advanced
monitoring and control system that improve operations and system reliability. The concept
presented in this project includes installation of Smart meters in intermediate points of
distribution system to monitor the load of the system and to control the enhancement function
of the D-SCADA.
India requires more human operators and longer working hours to complete the meter
reading task. This increases the energy provider operation costs for meter reading. In order to
achieve efficient meter reading, reduce billing error and operation costs, Smart meter play an
important role to address the above mentioned problems.
Smart meter is an effective mean of data collection that allow substantial saving
through the reduction of meter re-read, greater data accuracy, allow frequent reading,
improved billing and customer service, more timely energy profiles and consumptions trends
updates, and better development of human resource. With the advent of digital technology,
analogue electro-mechanical meter is continuously replaced by digital electronic meter.
Digital energy meter offer greater convenience to implement and establish automatic meter
reading system electronically. Efficiency and reliability of retrieving meter reading in the
AMR system was major challenge.
The smart meter modeling was designed which measures all the output values of
electrical quantities at different buses of distribution system. The algorithm was designed for
smart meter based distribution security monitoring and D-SCADA control. During the peak
load and off peak load periods, the voltage drop problems in distribution systems are
considered and these can be monitored by smart meter and the system can be controlled by
D-SCADA through capacitor switching. The objective is to control the system from security
violations through the proposed algorithm.
A test environment is implemented and the results are obtained for 11 KV practical
distribution system of Mysore city, Karnataka, India. MATLAB-SimPowerSystem tool box is
used for the simulation of smart meter design and load flow calculations has been performed
for the test system and the algorithm was programmed and simulated in NI LabVIEW
software effectively.

V
 CONTENTS
Page No.
Certificate ii
Acknowledgement iii
Undertaking iv
Abstract v
Contents vi
List of Abbreviations viii
List of Figures ix
List of Tables x

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Overview of the Project work...……………………………………....... 2

1.2 Development in MATLAB SimPowerSystems…………………………3
1.2.1 SimPowerSystems Libraries…………………………………..3
1.3 Development in LabVIEW…………………………………………….. 4
1.3.1 LabVIEW Help………………………………………………. 4
1.3.2 Introduction to Virtual Instruments………………………….. 4
1.3.3 Front Panel…………………………………………………… 5
1.3.4 Block Diagram………………………………………………...5
1.4 Literature review ...................................................................................6
1.5 Objective of the Project work….…….…………………………………7
1.6 Scope of the Project work…...………………………….............……....7
1.7 Organization of the project report.....................................…....................8

CHAPTER 2. AN OVERVIEW OF THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 9

2.1 Distribution Systems....…………………...…………..…………………9

2.1.1 Objectives of Distribution Systems…………….......................10
2.1.2 Classification of Distribution Systems……………………….. 10
2.1.3 Connection Scheme of Distribution Systems…………………10
2.1.4 Requirements of a Good Distribution System…….................. 13
2.2 Capacitor Placement……………………………………….....................14
2.2.1 Benefits of Capacitor Placement………………….......………16
2.3 D-SCADA system………………………………………………………17
2.3.1 Introduction…...........................................................…............17
2.3.2 D-SCADA functions………………………………………….18
2.4 SCADA Protocols and Security…………………….………… ………19

CHAPTER 3. SMART METERS 20

3.1 Introduction…...................................................................…...................20
3.2 Features of Smart meters...................................................…...................21
3.3 Smart meter Architecture..................................................…................... 21
3.3.1 Primary components…………………………………………..22
3.3.2 Meter interface module………………………………………. 22
3.3.3 Retrofit card……….…………………………………………. 22
3.4 Beneficiaries of Smart meters………..………………………………….22

VI
 3.4.1 Residential customer………………………………………….22
3.4.2 Metering Companies…………………………………………..23
3.4.3 Energy Suppliers..……………………………………………..23
3.4.4 Distributors……………………..……………………………..23
3.5 Smart meter by L&T………..…………..……………………………….24
3.5.1 Features………………………………………………………. 24
3.5.2 Technical Specifications………………………………………25

CHAPTER 4. DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALGORITHM 26

4.1 Smart meter design…………………………………………………….. 26

4.1.1Smart meter modeling..………..…............................................26
4.2 Problem framework…………………………………..…………………30
4.3 Proposed algorithm…………………………….. ………………………30
4.3.1 Procedure...................................................................................33
4.4 Snapshots….…..................................................................…...................34

CHAPTER 5. CASE STUDY AND SIMULATION RESULTS 35

5.1 Case study………………………………………....……………………35

5.1.1 Radial Distribution Network of Mysore city............................35
5.2 Simulation Results.……………………...................................................38
5.2.1 Discussion……………………………………………………..50
5.2.2 Summary of results of the case study and result analysis……. 51

CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION 53

ANNEXURE I…………………………………………………………………….. 54

ANNEXURE II……………………………………………………..…………….. 56

BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………… 58

VII
 LIST OF ABBREVATIONS

SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

D-SCADA Distribution-Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
RTU Remote Terminal Unit
PLC Programmable Logic Controllers
IED Intelligent Electronic Devices
GSM Global System Mobile
GPS Geographical Position System
AMR Automatic Meter Reading
VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal
LAN Local Area Network
WAN Wide Area Network
PROFIBUS Process Field Bus
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
PLCC Power Line Carrier Communications
ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
SMS Short Message Service
LabVIEW Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench
VR Voltage Regulation
MVAR Mega Volt Ampere Reactive
MVA Mega Volt Ampere
MW Mega Watt
NVRAM Non Volatile Random Access Memory
PCB Printed Circuit Board
CF Constant Frequency
RF Radio Frequency
SV Security Violation

LIST OF FIGURES
Sl. Figure Page
Figure Description
No. No. No.

VIII
1. 1.1 Powerlib Library window 3

2. 1.2 (a): LabVIEW Front Panel Fig. (b): LabVIEW Back Panel 5
Single Line Diagram of a typical low tension distribution
3. 2.1 9
system.
Single Line Diagram of Radial Systems (a) Distribution for AC
4. 2.2 11
Systems (b) Distribution for AC Systems
5. 2.3 Ring Main Systems 12

6. 2.4 Interconnected Systems 13

7. 2.5 Capacitor switching 14

8. 2.6 SCADA General system layout 17

9. 3.1 Smart meter architecture 21

10. 3.2 Smart meter manufactured by Larsen & Toubro Ltd. 24

11. 4.1 Smart meter measurements 26

12. 4.2 Smart meter model 28

13. 4.3 Voltage and current with their angles measurement block. 29

14. 4.4 3-Phase Active & Reactive Power Block (Phasor Type) 29

15. 4.5 Apparent power measurement block 29

Smart meter Based Distribution Security Monitoring and
16. 4.6 32
D-SCADA Control Algorithm
Programming diagram of the proposed algorithm in Lab view
17. 4.7 34
software
18. 4.8 Smart meter output monitoring and control room 34
Single line diagram of the Chamundipuram sub division
19. 5.1 36
Industrial feeder 11D6, distribution network of Mysore city
20. 5.2 Smart meter output data of buses 1 to 5 of case 1 38

21. 5.3 Smart meter output data of buses 6 to 10 of case 1 39

22. 5.4 Smart meter output data of buses 11 to 15 of case 1 40

23. 5.5 Smart meter output data of buses 1 to 5 of case 2 41

IX
 LIST OF TABLES
Sl. Table Page
Table Description
No. No. No.
1 7.1 Result Analysis and Comparison 51

2 1 Load data details of distribution transformer center Substation 54

3 2 HT load details of the feeder 11D6 55

4 3 Industrial feeder (11D6) conductors and line length details 55