Bonds = Interest-paying securities issued by companies that need to borrow money

Capital = Money invested in a business

Deposit = Money you put in a bank
Merger = When two formerly separate companies join together
Mortgage = Loan to buy a property
Pension = Money paid to a retired person
Shares / Stocks = Securities representing part-ownership of a company
Takeover = When a company gain control of another one by buying its s
Conglomerates = Groups of companies that have joined together
Depositors = People who place money in bank accounts
Deregulated = Abolished or ended rules and restrictions
Fines = Sums of money paid as penalties for breaking the law
Prohibited = Made it illegal to do something
Regulation = Control of something by rules or laws
Repealed = Cancelled or ended (a law)
Underwriting = Guaranteeing to buy a company’s newly issues stocks if no one else does
Trend = A general development or change in a situation or in people’s behaviour
Income = All the money receive by a person during a particular period
Assets = Anything of value owned by a business (cash, buildings etc); for a bank, the loans it has made
Liabilities = Money that a company will have to pay to someone else one day (bills, debts etc); for a bank, its deposits
Lucrative = Profitable (describes an activity that makes a profit)
National income = The money earned by a country’s people in a particular period
Currency = The money used in a particular country
EBIT = The abbreviation for a company’s earning before interest and taxes
Portfolio = All the securities and financial assets held by a financial institution or an individual
Credit rating = An evolution of a borrower’s ability to pa interest and pay back a loan in the future
Collateral = Something of value that secures a loan or other credit; if the borrower cannot repay, the lender can sell it to
pay of the loan
Maturity = The date on which a loan must be repaid, or a length of time until this date
Margin = The difference between the interest rate a lender pays and the rate it charges its borrowers
Overhead costs = The expenses of operating a business that are not directly related to individual product or services (e.g.
electricity, telephones, administrative costs)
Credit limit = The maximum amount that a bank will lend to a costumer
Operating cash flow = The money generated from a business’s normal activities
Cost of funds = The price (interest rate) that a financial institution must pay for the use of money
Tax accounting = Calculating how much tax an individual or an company should pay - or trying to reduce this figure
Auditing = Checking and evaluating financial records
Cost accounting = Determining the unit cost of a manufactured product, including indirect costs
Financial accounting = Keeping financial records and preparing financial statements
Bookkeeping = Recording transactions (purchases and sales) in ledgers
Income = The money that a company receives fro supplying goods or services
Expenditure = The money that a company spends
Management accounting = The use of a company's accounting data by its managers for planning and control
Commission = A charge for arranging a transaction (e.g. buying or selling securities
Fee = A charge for a service performed by a bank
Premiums = Payment for an insurance policy
Amortization = A reduction in the value of the asset, charge against profits
Net = Adjective meaning after all deductions have been made
Consolidated = Adjective meaning for a whole group of companies
Short-term = Adjective meaning one year or less in financial statements
Minority interests = Part-ownership (less than 50%) of other companies
Intangible assets = Things of a value that cannot be physically touched, such as reputation (goodwill), brand names and
trademarks
Shareholders’ equity = The net worth of a company – the amount by which assets exceed liabilities
Sterling = Name of the British currency
Oversight = Supervision
Threats = Potential sources of danger
Remunerated = Paid
Sound = In good condition
Core = Basic and most important
Policy = An agreed plan of what to do
Inflation = A general, continuous increase in prices
Target = A level or situation which you intend to achieve
Plant = Factories and the machines equipment in them
Base rate = The rate at which the central ban lends money to commercial banks
Labour = Work done by people employed by businesses
Incentive = Encouragement or a reason to do something
Capital = Money invested in companies, to buy buildings machinery etc.
Consume = To spend money on goods or services
Demand = What people consume and how much they invest
Bill of exchange = An order written by an exporter instructing an importer to pay a specific amount of money at a
specific time.
Letter of credit = A method of payment for goods in which the buyer’s bank guarantees to pay a specified amount of
money to the seller on presentation of specific documents, before a certain date and according to the international
chamber of commerce rules.
Bulls = A name for investors who buys shares because they expect their prices to rise
Collateral = Assets a borrower uses to secure or guarantee a loan
Day trades = People who buy and re-sell shares in a very short time, often just a few hours
Bankruptcy = When you have no money to pay your debts, so you have to sell your assets
Bears = A name for shareholders who sell because the expect the price to fall
Shares = Certificates representing part-ownership of a company
Raise capital = To get money from investors with which to run a company
Bubble = A period of rapidly rising share prices, followed by a quick relapse
Institutional investors = Financial organizations who own a lot of shares
Issue = To offer securities for sale, to financial institutions an the public
To cut job = To fire people
To attract investors = To encourage people or companies to buy shares
To call in a loan = To demand that a loan is repaid
To pull out of the market = To sell all your stocks
To strip out = To seperate
Reputed to be = Generally considered to be
Meant no harm = Didn't want to cause trouble for other people
An endless chain of comment = A big hierarchy of directors and managers
A breed apart = Special; different from other people
Vast = Extremely big
Market capitalization = A company's stock price times the nummer of stocks
Creditors = Businesses or people to whom money is owned
Liquid assets = Cash and things that can be easily sold and converted into cash
Solvency = The ability to pay bills and fixed expenses and debts when they become due
Profitability = The ability to produce earnings (or net income) relative to the amount invested
Liquidity = The degree to which assets can easily be converted into cash (i.e. sold), with a minimum loss of value
Leverage or gearing = The extent to which a company is funded by loans rather than it's own capital
Ratio = The number obtained when one number is divided by another
Book value = The value of a company's assets minus liabilities, as recorded on the balance sheet
Efficiency = Using resources in a way that maximizes the production of goods and services (the ratio of output to input)
To be burnt = To lose money (t. b. b.)
To escape unharmed = Not to lose money (t. e. u.)
To suffer pain = To lose money (t. s. p.)
To take a hit = Not to lose money (t. t. a. h.)
Intangible fixed assets = Assets that are not material
Tangible fixed assets = Assets that are material
Financial fixed assets = Assets comprised of money
Current assets = Any asset that is reasonably expected to be sold
Balance sheet = Statement of financial position
Income statement = Profit and loss statement
Patents = Exclusive rights
Shareholder’s equity = Company’s capital which is invested by shareholders
Derivates = Contract that value the performance of an underlying entity
Revenue = Income that a company receives
Profitability = Profit
Liquidity = Market ability to facilitate an assets being sold
Solvency = The ability of a company to meet its long terms financial obligations