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Length and time

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Measuring length:

om
S.I. unit of length: meter(m)
Instrument :Measuring tape, a ruler, micrometer screw guage
Instrument Use Smallest possible

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measurement
Measuring tape It is a flexible rule used to 1mm or 0.1cm

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measure lengths of curved
objects apart from linear

rc
lengths
Meter Rule It is used to measure length of 0.1cm/0.5cm or 1cm

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linear objects such as floor

so
length, cloth etc
Micrometer screw It is used to measure very 0.0001cm or 0.001mm
guage small lengths, example the
re
thickness of a coin etc.
m

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Method of measuring with a rule:
xa

• Place the scale right next to the object being measured.

• Place one end of the object at zero and place your eye exactly
perpendicular to the other end where the object ends to avoid parallax
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error.
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• It is fine to place the object on any other reading other than zero but
do make careful calculations.
m

Example: In
this example, the
.s

nail is placed
beginning at 1cm.
w

Hence the length

w

of the nail will be

3.7-1=2.7cm
w

This is because it is placed 1cm ahead of the zero mark.

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In this case , the
object is 2cm ahead
of the zero mark, so
from the final
position of the arrow

om
deduct 2cm. Hence
the final reading is
28-2=26cm. Also the

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cylinder is rolled

es
twice so it covered
2 circumferences. Hence 1 circumference=26/2=13cm

rc
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Measuring smaller lengths-Screw guage:

u
so
re
m
xa
te

• Procedure: Place the wire between the anvil and

ar

spindle end as indicated in the diagram.

• Rotate the thimble until the wire is firmly held
m

between the anvil and the spindle.

• The rachet is provided to avoid excessive
.s

pressure on the wire.

• It prevents the spindle from further movement
w
w

and squashing the wire.

w

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To take a reading

• First look at the main scale. This has a linear scale reading on it. The
long lines are every millimetre and the shorter ones denote half a millimetre
in between.
On the diagram this reading is 2.5 mm

om
•
• Now look at the rotating scale. That denotes 46 divisions - each division
is 0.01mm so we have 0.46mm from this scale.

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The diameter of the wire is the sum of these readings: 2.5 + 0.46 = 2.96 mm
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Precautions:
• If you have to measure the thickness of a sheet for example, remember

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to take the thickness of the sheet at several different places. Then
take the average thickness.

u
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so
re
m
xa
te
ar
m
.s
w
w
w

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APPLICATION BASED QUESTIONS
MCQ:

om
.c
es
u rc
so
re
m
xa
te
ar
m
.s
w
w
w

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 om
.c
es
u rc
so
re
m
xa
te
ar
m
.s
w
w
w

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EXTENDED THEORY:

om
.c
es
u rc
so
re
m
xa
te
ar
m
.s
w
w
w

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MARKING SCHEME:

om
.c
es
u rc
so
re
m
xa
te
ar
m
.s
w
w
w

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 om
.c
es
u rc
so
re
m
xa
te
ar
m
.s
w
w
w

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MARKING SCHEME:

om
.c
es
u rc
so
re
m
xa
te
ar
m
.s
w
w
w

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