Sri Krishna Kathamrita

Bindu Issue 543

Understanding the Mood of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

www.gopaljiu.org
 Sri Krishna Kathamrita
तवकथामृतं तप्तजीवनम्
tava kathāmṛtaṁ tapta-jīvanam
Bindu
Fortnightly email mini-magazine from Gopal Jiu Publications

Issue No. 543 Śrī Āmalakī-vrata Ekādaśī 3 March 2023

• Don’t Disturb the Mood of Mahaprabhu

His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
• Devotees Should Assist Mahaprabhu
Highlights

Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakur Prabhupada

• Always Crying for Krishna
Sri Srimad Gour Govinda Swami Maharaja
• Traditions of Worship of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
A photo essay of extraordinary deities of Mahaprabhu
• The Secret of Gaura’s Sannyasa-Lila
• Seeking to Understand Radha’s Love

Don't Disturb the

Mood of Mahaprabhu

His Divine Grace

A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
Lord Chaitanya is called “covered” because
although he is Krishna himself, he presents himself
as a devotee of Krishna, not directly Krishna. (Purport
to Bhāg. 3.16.22.)
The Lord’s acceptance of the role of a devotee in
the eternal form of Lord Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu is
another of the Lord’s wonderful features. A conditioned
soul cannot reach the absolute Personality of Godhead
by his imperfect endeavor, and therefore it is wonderful
that Lord Sri Krishna, in the form of Lord Gauranga, has
made it easy for everyone to approach him. Svarupa
Damodara Gosvami has described Lord Chaitanya as
Krishna himself with the attitude of Radharani, or
a combination of Radha and Krishna. The intention
of Lord Chaitanya is to taste Krishna’s sweetness in
transcendental love. He does not care to think of himself
as Krishna, because he wants the position of Radharani.
We should remember this. A class of so-called devotees but they do not realize that he placed himself not as
called the nadīyā-nāgarīs or gaura- nāgarīs pretend that the enjoyer, Krishna, but as the enjoyed, the devotee
they have the sentiment of gopīs toward Lord Chaitanya, of Krishna. The concoctions of unauthorized persons
Cover: “Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu cries in separation from Krishna”.
Unknown artist. Courtesy of Radha-Vinode Mandir, Jaipur.
 Sri Krishna Kathamrita Bindu Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 2
Unknown photographer

Srila Prabhupada at a program in Surat in December 1970

pretending to be bona fide have not been accepted Srimati Radharani’s emotions after seeing Uddhava ex-
by Lord Chaitanya. Presentations such as those of actly correspond to those of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.
He always conceived of himself in her position and some-
the gaura-nāgarīs are only disturbances to the sincere
times thought that he was Srimati Radharani herself.
execution of the mission of Lord Chaitanya. Lord
Chaitanya is undoubtedly Krishna himself, and he is Purport: Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakur
always nondifferent from Srimati Radharani. But the explains that the purport of the word abhimāna, or
emotion technically called vipralambha-bhāva, which “self-conception”, is that Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
the Lord adopted for confidential reasons, should not thought himself to be in the position of Srimati
be disturbed in the name of service. A mundaner should Radharani and was always ready to render service
not unnecessarily intrude into affairs of transcendence in that way. Although Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
and thereby displease the Lord. One must always be on is Krishna himself, he assumed the complexion and
guard against this sort of devotional anomaly. A devotee emotions of Srimati Radharani and remained in that
is not meant to create disturbances to Krishna. As Srila status. He never assumed the complexion or status of
Rupa Goswami has explained, devotional service is Krishna. Of course, Krishna wanted to experience the
ānukūlyena, or favorable to Krishna. Acting unfavorably role of Srimati Radharani; that is the original cause of
toward Krishna is not devotion. Kamsa was the enemy of
his assuming the body of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.
Krishna. He always thought of Krishna, but he thought
Therefore, pure vaiṣṇavas never disturb Sri Chaitanya
of him as an enemy. One should always avoid such
Mahaprabhu’s conception of being Srimati Radharani.
unfavorable so-called service. (Purport to Cc. ādi 4.41.)
Unfortunately, at the present time a group of so-called
While Chaitanya Mahaprabhu is trying to enjoy as
devotees maintain that Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu is
a devotee, one should not disturb him by addressing
the enjoyer and that they are enjoyers as well. They
him as the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
(Purport to Cc. ādi 7.10.) have actually deviated from devotional service to the
Lord. Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu manifested himself to
rādhikāra bhave prabhura sadā ‘abhimāna’
sei bhāve āpanāke haya ‘rādhā’-jñāna show that cultivation of love for Krishna in separation
Painting by Kshitindranath Majumdar. West Bengal. 1891-1975
Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 3 श्रीकृष्णकथामृत बिन् दु

Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu is Krishna in the mood of Radha crying in separation from Krishna
Sri Krishna Kathamrita Bindu Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 4

Unknown artist. Early Bengali School, mid 19th century

Devotees doing nāma-saṅkīrtana with Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in Nabadwip

is the easiest way of success for all living entities. in the same manner as Krishna. But Krishna was in the
Despite this fact, there are some theosophists who role of enjoyer and Lord Chaitanya is in the role of being
declare that because Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu is the enjoyed. So the party known as Gauranga Nagari, they
Supreme Personality of Godhead, such cultivation is are considered to be deviated from pure devotional
easy for him but difficult for the living entity and that service on account of Lord Chaitanya being given the
one can therefore approach Krishna in any way he same facility as Krishna, which he did not like. Our
likes. To nullify this idea, Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu service mood should be compatible to the attitude of
demonstrated practically how one can achieve love the Lord. Not that we should overlap the attitude of
of Krishna by adopting Srimati Radharani’s mood in Krishna to Lord Chaitanya, or Lord Chaitanya to Krishna,
separation from Krishna. (Cc. antya 14.14.) or Krishna to Ramacandra, or Ramacandra to Krishna.
Lord Chaitanya is always presented with five (Letter to Satsvarup Das Goswami, 16 June 1968.)
transcendental entourage. He is himself present, and Devotee: On Ekādaśī, we can offer the deity grains?
his next expansion, Nityananda, and his incarnation, Srila Prabhupada: Oh yes. But not guru. Ekādaśī
Adwaita, and his internal potency, Gadadhar, and his observed by jīva-tattva, not by Vishnu. We are fasting
marginal potency, Srivas ... so pañca-tattvātmakaṁ for clearing our material disease, but Radha-Krishna,
kṛṣṇam. He is Krishna, but he is present in this age Chaitanya Mahaprabhu ... Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
with his five associates. Pañca-tattvātmakaṁ kṛṣṇaṁ also may not be offered grains because he is playing
the part of a devotee. Only Radha-Krishna, Jagannath
bhakta-rūpa-svarūpakam. But although he is Krishna, he
can be offered grains. Otherwise, Guru-Gauranga, no.
presents himself as a devotee of Krishna — bhakta-rūpa-
(Room conversation, Tokyo, April 22, 1972.)
svarūpakam. (Lecture in New York City, 3 January 1967.)
These comparative studies on the life of Krishna and
Ramachandra are very intricate, but the basic principle is Devotees Should
that Ramachandra appeared as an ideal king and Krishna Assist Mahaprabhu
appeared as the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
Although there is no difference between the two. A Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakur Prabhupada
similar example is Lord Chaitanya. He appeared as a
devotee, and not as the Supreme Personality of Godhead. The word sarva-parikare indicates that the five
Although he is Krishna himself. So we should accept the types of Krishna devotees neither considered the
Lord’s mood in particular appearances and we should incarnation of vipralambha, Sri Gaurasundara, as the
worship him in that mood. Sometimes Lord Chaitanya, object of madhura-rasa, nor did they assist him in conjugal
because he is Krishna himself, somebody worships him affairs in the course of his magnanimous pastimes.
 Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 5 श्रीकृष्णकथामृत बिन् दु
Unknown artist.

Mahaprabhu cries and prays before Lord Jagannath in Puri

Rather, they nourished his feelings of separation And Jagannath is feeling separation from the gopīs and
from Krishna by helping him cultivate those mellows. Radha. So when they meet, Jagannath sees Radha in
Those who want to contradict the Gaura pastimes of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, and Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
the supreme shelter, Krishna, by putting a flute or sees Shyamasundar in Jagannath. Therefore, after
cowherd stick in Gaurasundara’s hands, imposing separation, union takes place.
the mood of a paramour on him, or considering him Mahaprabhu stayed in Jagannath Puri Dham
Arjuna's charioteer, can never be counted amongst continuously for eighteen years. This dhāma is very
Gaura’s associates or servants.
dear to him. Always ecstatic, feeling the acute pangs
— Srila Vrindavan Das Thakur. Śrī Caitanya-bhāgavata with
commentary of Bhaktisiddhanta S araswati Thakur. English of separation from Krishna, Mahaprabhu goes to the
translation by Bhumipati Das. Edited and published by Pundarik temple of Lord Jagannath every day and Jagannath
Vidyanidhi Das. Vrajaraj Press. Vrindavan. 2001. Pp. 149-150.
shows him his beautiful Shyamasundar form. Jagannath
will only show his beautiful Shyamasundar form to one
Always Crying for Krishna who is in rādhā-bhāva. Otherwise, if you have no such
mood you cannot see it. This is a question of mood.
If you are feeling the acute pangs of separation from
Sri Srimad Gour Govinda Swami Maharaja Krishna, when you enter the temple of Jagannath
After Gauranga Mahaprabhu took sannyāsa, he stayed he will show you his beautiful Shyamasundar form.
in Jagannath Puri Dham. Sri Kshetra is also known as Otherwise, how can you see it? Jagannath will show you
vipralambha-kṣetra, the kṣetra where intense pangs of the form you want to see. So because Mahaprabhu is in
separation are felt. Gauranga Mahaprabhu is in rādhā- rādhā-bhāva he is always crying for Krishna:
bhāva. He is Krishna, but his mood is different; rādhā-
kva nanda-kula-candramāḥ kva śikhi-candra-kālaṅkṛtiḥ
bhāva is predominating. Although he is Krishna himself,
kva mandra-muralī-ravaḥ kva nu surendra-nīla-dyutiḥ
Gauranga Mahaprabhu is always crying for Krishna.
Sri Krishna Kathamrita Bindu Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 6

Ślokāmṛta

Overwhelmed with Separation

Srila Thakur Bhaktivinode
vrajāraṇyaṁ smṛtvā viraha-vikalāntar-vilapito
mukhaṁ saṅghṛśyāyaṁ rudhiram adhikaṁ tad dadhad aho
kva me kāntaḥ kṛṣṇo vada vada vadeti pralapitaḥ
śacīsūnuḥ sākśāt smaraṇa-padavīṁ gacchatu sa me
Remembering the land of Vrajabhumi, Lord Chaitanya became overwhelmed with feelings of separation
from Krishna and lamented with great agitation within his heart. He rubbed his face into the ground,
causing it to profusely bleed, and said, “Where is my lover, Krishna? Tell me! Tell me! Tell me!” May that
Lord Chaitanya, the transcendental son of Srimati Sachi-devi, eternally travel on the path of my memory.
— Gaurāṅga-līlā-smaraṇa-maṅgala-stotram, verse 92. Translated by Kushakratha Das. Śrī-śrī-gaurāṅga-līlā-smaraṇa-maṅgala-stotram evam
śrī-śrī-rādhikā-sahasra-nāma-stotram. Published by Sri Gaudiya Math, Bandra, Mumbai. Hindi-Devanagari.

kva rāsa-rasa-tāṇḍavī kva sakhi jīva-rakṣauṣadhir mandra-muralī-ravaḥ, where is Krishna, upon whose
nidhir mama suhṛttamaḥ kva bata hanta hā dhig-vidhim lips a flute plays so sweetly? Where is he?”
My dear friend, where is Krishna, who is like the Can you put a flute on Gaura? Although he is
moon rising from the ocean of Nanda Maharaja’s Krishna, you cannot put a flute on Gaura. Similarly,
dynasty? Where is Krishna, his head decorated with how can you put a peacock feather on he who is
a peacock feather? Where is he? Where is Krishna, crying for Krishna like Radharani? His mood will be
whose flute produces such a deep sound? Oh, where
disturbed. Although he is Krishna, Gaura’s mood is
is Krishna, whose bodily lustre is like the lustre of
the blue indranīla jewel? Where is Krishna, who is different. Therefore, Prabhupada has said, “Don’t
so expert in rāsa dancing? Oh! Where is he who can disturb the mood of Gauranga.”
save my life? Kindly tell me where to find Krishna, It is very painful to him. Our service is meant
the treasure of my life and best of my friends. Feeling to give him pleasure, not pain. We are servants
separation from him, I hereby condemn providence,
the shaper of my destiny. (Lalita-mādhava 3.45)

These are Radharani’s words. She is crying,

and Mahaprabhu is in the same mood. In Lalita-
mādhava, Rupa Goswami has described Radharani’s
pralāpa, which is like the delirium of a madman
proṣita-bharttṛkā rādhā-vilāpa kātara — Radharani is
lamenting for Krishna in the same way that a woman
laments when her husband has left home and gone
to a foreign land. Virahiṇī rādhā has become mad, “O
my dear sakhī Lalita, such a high fever has come to
me I cannot describe it.” This is viraha-jvara, the fever
of separation from Krishna. In this crying delirium
there is such a high degree of temperature that one
becomes mad and his head reels. The doctor says,
Unknown artist

“Put an ice bag on his head!”

Radharani cries, “O my dear girl companion, where
is that moon of the Nanda dynasty, nanda-kula-
candramāḥ? kva śikhi-candra-kālaṅkṛtiḥ, where is he on
whose crest is a peacock feather? Where is he? kva Mahaprabhu is always crying in separation from Krishna
Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 7 श्रीकृष्णकथामृत बिन् दु
and we must render service to please him, not
for our own pleasure. He is to be pleased. If we
say, “O Gaura, a peacock feather is on your head.
You are Krishna,” then how can he cry? “Oh, I am
Krishna? I cannot cry now.”

Mahaprabhu's Mood
In Jagannath Puri
From Srila Murari Gupta’s
Śrī Kṛṣṇa-caitanya-caritāmṛta

tataḥ śrī-gaurāṅga-candraḥ svarūpādyaiḥ samanvitaḥ

śrī-rādhā-bhāva-mādhuryaiḥ pūrṇo na veda kiñcana

While Sri Gauranga Chandra was in Jagannath

Puri, accompanied by intimate devotees headed
by Swarup Damodar, he became fully absorbed in
the sweetness of the ecstatic moods felt by Srimati
Radharani, and he knew nothing else. (4.24.1)
sāttvikādyair aṣṭābhiś ca bhāvaiḥ sampūrṇa-vigrahaḥ
rāmānanda-svarūpābhyāṁ sevito rāsa-saṁjñayā

[In Jagannath Puri] Gauranga’s entire body was

always pervaded by the eight sāttvika-bhāvas,

Unknown artist.
the physical manifestations of transcendental
ecstasy. He was rendered service there by
Ramananda and Swarup, who were conversant
with the science of rasa. (4.24.8)
But Mahaprabhu is crying, “Where is Krishna, kva
bhāvānurūpa-ślokena rāsa-saṅkīrtanādinā
nanda-kula-candramāḥ? kva śikhi-candra-kālaṅkṛtiḥ?
śrī-rādhā-kṛṣṇayor līlā-rasa-vidyā-nidarśanam
— where is Krishna on whose crest is a peacock
In accordance with the Lord’s particular feather? Where is that Krishna, indranīlamaṇi,
ecstatic mood, they sang verses proclaiming Sri whose complexion is blue like the indranīla jewel?
Sri Radha-Krishna’s rāsa-līlā pastimes. In this rāsa-rasa tāṇḍavī, who dances in the rāsa dance,
way, understanding of these intimate pastimes where is that Krishna? O sakhī, please tell me where
was proclaimed or revealed. (4.24.9) he is? Where has he gone? prāṇa rakṣauṣadhi, he is
the soothing balm for my afflicted heart. O sakhī,
śrī-rādhā-śuddha-premnā hi śravaṇāmṛtam adbhutam where is he? dhig-vidhi! Alas! Vidhi, the creator, has
pītvā nirantaraṁ śrīmac-caitanya-rasa-vigrahaḥ written in my fortune that I have to cry, cry, cry! A
Because of his spotless love for Krishna in the whole life of crying! This is my fate!”
mood of Sri Radha, Sri Chaitanya, the original form So Mahaprabhu is always crying, rorudhya
of transcendental rasa, incessantly drank from that māna. He is Krishna himself, but he is feeling the
wonderful fountain of ambrosia for the ears. (4.24.9) pangs of separation from Krishna because he is in
rādhā-bhāva. rādhā-bhāva is predominating; that
— Srila Murari Gupta. Śrī Kṛṣṇa-caitanya-caritāmṛta (Murāri
Guptera Kaḍacā), with Bengali translation by Sri Haridas Das. is vipralambha bhāva.
Published by Sanskrit Pustak Bhandar. Kolkata. 2009. Sanskrit in — From chapter nine of Embankment of Separation. Gopal Jiu
Bengali characters. Publications. Bhubaneswar, Odisha. 2023.
Sri Krishna Kathamrita Bindu Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 8

Unknown artist.

"Can you put a flute on Gaura? Although he is Krishna, you cannot put a flute on Gaura. Similarly, how can you
put a peacock feather on he who is crying for Krishna like Radharani? His mood will be disturbed. Although he is
Krishna, Gaura’s mood is different. Therefore, Prabhupada has said, 'Don’t disturb the mood of Gauranga.'”
 Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 9 श्रीकृष्णकथामृत बिन् दु

Traditions of Worship of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

Unknown photographer. Wikipedia

DHAMESWAR MAHAPRABHU IN NABADWIP

This deity was originally worshiped by Vishnupriya Devi, the consort of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.
According to the local tradition at the temple of Dhameswar, shortly before leaving home and
taking sannyāsa, Mahaprabhu had this deity carved from the same neem tree under which he
took birth. It’s said that Vishnupriya worshiped this deity for 80 years and finally disappeared
into the deity. The nose ring worn by Dhameswar is said to have been worn by Vishnupriya.
 Sri Krishna Kathamrita Bindu Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 10

Traditions of Worship of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

Unknown photographer

Photo by Indradyumna Swami

MAHAPRABHU'S ORIGINAL SHOES
According to the local tradition at the temple
of Dhameswar, when he left home to take
sannyāsa, Mahaprabhu gave a pair of his shoes
to Vishnupriya. Those original shoes worshiped
by her are still carefully kept today at Dhameswar
Mahadev Mandir in Nabadwip.
GAURA NITAI OF GAURI DAS PANDIT
Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu and his brother
Nityananda Prabhu once visited their devotee
Srila Gauri Das Pandit at his home in Ambika
Kalna. As the two brothers were about to leave,
Gauri Das requested them to permanently stay. To
satisfy the desire of his dear devotee, Mahaprabhu
ordered deities made of himself and Nityananda
from a nearby Neem tree. When the deities were
finished, Mahaprabhu requested permission to
leave, but Gauri Das again asked them to stay. At
that moment the two deities started leaving while
Unknown photographer

the original brothers took wooden forms. Gauri

Das ran after the deities and stopped them. At
that time the wooden brothers again became flesh
and started to leave. This happened several times
and then Mahaprabhu said, “You have to choose,
either Nitai and I will stay or the deities will stay.
Nitai and I are non-different from these forms.”
GAURA NITAI OF JAHNAVA MATA
Gauri Das chose that the original brothers would
Also in Ambika Kalna are these deities of Sri stay, and the deities would leave. They say, at that
Sri Gaura Nitai who were originally worshiped time the original Gaura and Nitai entered into the
by Surya Das Sarkhel and his daughters temple of Gauri Das, while the deities left. These
Jahnava and Vasudha who later became the same deities are still being worshiped today at
wives of Lord Nityananda. Ambika Kalna in West Bengal.
 Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 11 श्रीकृष्णकथामृत बिन् दु

Traditions of Worship of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

Unknown photographer
Photo by Radha Madhava Das

GAURA GADADHARA OF VANINATH MISHRA

Vaninath Mishra is the younger brother of
Gadadhar Pandit. Champahati, West Bengal

GAURA WORSHIPED BY SHOBHA DEVI

Radha Madhava Das comments: “This deity was
originally worshiped in Sylhet in the Srihatta
district by Srimati Shobha Devi, Sri Chaitanya
Mahaprabhu’s beloved paternal grandmother. It
was manifested from Mahaprabhu himself when
he was only sixteen years old in the year 1502
AD, thus making it the first Mahaprabhu deity that
Photo by Indradyumna Swami

we know of. It is also one of only a few deities of

Mahaprabhu as a sannyāsī – his hands sporting
the mudras of holding a daṇḍa and kamaṇḍalu.
It is also the only deity of Mahaprabhu that we
have heard of who has dilated cakā-dolā eyes
that are somewhat like those of his beloved Lord
Jagannath. Still worshiped today at the Naba
Dhaka-dakshin temple in Srikona, near Silchar.” GAURA NITAI OF SRINIVAS ACHARYA
For more information see KK Bindu issues 484-485 These deities are in Jajigram West Bengal
 Sri Krishna Kathamrita Bindu Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 12

Traditions of Worship of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

Photo by Madhavananda Das

Unknown photographer
GAURA GADADHARA OF NARAHARI SARKAR
These deities were originally worshiped by Srila
Narahari Sarkar the guru of Srila Lochan Das
Pandit, famous author of Caitanya-maṅgala. They
are still present today at the Vishakha Math near
Markandeya Sarovar in Jagannath Puri, Odisha. GAURA NITAI OF MURARI GUPTA
These deities originally worshiped by Sri
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's intimate associate
are today in Bhankandi Bazar, Vrindavan.
Unknown photographer.

Unknown photographer.

GAURA NITAI OF VRINDAVAN DAS THAKUR GAURA GADADHAR OF SARANGA THAKUR

These deities originally worshiped by the These deities originally worshiped by Sri
author of Sri Caitanya-bhāgavata are in Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's intimate associate
Dhenur, West Bengal. are today in Mamgachi, West Bengal.
 Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 13 श्रीकृष्णकथामृत बिन् दु

Traditions of Worship of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

Unknown photographer

Unknown photographer
GAURA GADADHAR OF MAMU THAKUR
Mamu Thakur was the maternal uncle of Sri
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. These deities established
by him are still worshiped today at the Tota
Gopinath temple in Jagannath Puri, Odisha.
GAURA IN KATWA
Shortly after Mahaprabhu took sannyāsa, Srila
Narahari Sarkar had the large deity made. The
small deity is Balaram. They are still worshiped
to this day in Katwa, West Bengal.

Photo by Indradyumna Swami

Unknown photographer

SAD-BHUJ OF KANAI KHUNTIA

Kanai Khuntia was the head priest of the
PANCA-TATTVA OF PRATAPARUDRA
Jagannath Mandir and one of the prominent
associates of Mahaprabhu in Puri. He established Maharaja Prataparudra, the king of Puri
these deities of Sad-bhuj Gauranga and at the time of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu,
Nityananda. They are still worshiped today at established these deities. They are still
the Badamath in Sakshi Gopal, Odisha. worshiped today in Cuttack, Odisha.
 Sri Krishna Kathamrita Bindu Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 14

Traditions of Worship of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

Unknown photographer

GAURA NITAI OF MAHESH PANDIT

Mahesh Pandit was an associate of Gaura and
Nitai. His deities are in Pal Para, West Bengal.

Photo by Madhavananda Das

Photo by Madhavananda Das

MAHAPRABHU OF PRATAPRARUDRA
The king of Puri at the time of Sri Chaitanya
GAURA NITAI IN GAURA'S FAMILY PLACE
Mahaprabhu, Prataprarudra Maharaja
According to various evidences (see KK. Bindu established deities of Sri Sri Gaura Nitai, which
issue 484), Jajpur, Odisha, is the ancestral are still worshiped today at the Asta Sambhu
home of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. These Mandir in Jagannath Puri.
deities at a temple in nearby Kapileshwar
have been worshiped for 500 years.

Photo by Gaura Govinda Das

Photo by Madhavananda Das

GAURA NITAI ADWAITA SITA THAKURANI

These deities were established at the time of
GAURA NITAI IN BALAKATI, ODISHA Mahaprabhu by Ahula Gosain at the place of
These deities have been worshiped in Balakadi, Adwaita Acharya's house in Jagannath Puri,
near to Bhubaneswar, Odisha, for 500 years. where they are still worshiped today.
 Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 15 श्रीकृष्णकथामृत बिन् दु

Traditions of Worship of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

Unknown photographer
GAURA GADADHAR OF BHAKTIVINODE
Srila Bhaktivinode Thakur established these
deities at his home in Godrumadwip, West Bengal.

Photo by Prabhupada Priya Sevak Das

GAURA OF SRILA BHAKTISIDDHANTA
Photo by Madhavananda Das

This is the first ever worshiped deity of

Gauranga in Srila Bhaktisiddhanta’s Gaudiya
Math. Beginning in 1905 at the age of 31, over
the following nine years, Srila Bhaktisiddhanta
completed a vow to chant 1 billion names in
front of this deity of Mahaprabhu. Gaura
came to him in a dream and instructed him
GAURA OF NAROTTAM DAS THAKUR
to preach instead of sitting and chanting in
Srila Narottam Das Thakur established this deity one place. The deity of Gaura along with Sri
in Dhaneswar, Odisha, while on his way to Puri. Sri Radha Madhava (also installed by Srila
Bhaktisiddhanta) are worshiped today at the
Rudra Gaudiya Math in Mayapur.
 Sri Krishna Kathamrita Bindu Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 16

Traditions of Worship of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

Painting by Jadurani Dasi

PANCA-TATTVA OF SRILA PRABHUPADA
When Srila Prabhupada instructed his disciple
Jadurani Dasi to make a painting of the Pancha-
tattva, she recalls that she was told to paint in
Srila Prabhupada's apartment, and that Srila
Prabhupada stood behind her the entire time
practically directing every stroke of the brush.
She said that she felt that Srila Prabhupada had
actually painted the painting, and that she was
just an extension to the brush. Srila Prabhupada
instructed that the painting should be hung in
the temple and at that time he announced to the
Unknown photographer, Wikipedia

devotees, "Now Lord Caitanya is here. Now there

should be no more nonsense in the temple. God is
here, his expansion, his incarnation, his spiritual
energy, and his marginal energy. Everything is
here except his material energy. There is nothing
material about this painting. And even if you think
that it is only color, color is another of God's
energies, and therefore it is also spiritual. If anyone
GAURA OF SRILA PRABHUPADA chants Hare Krishna and dances in front of this
painting, he can become fully Krishna conscious.”
Srila A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
established this deity for his center in Jhansi in the This painting became the official deity of the
1950s. He later donated him to the Keshavji Gaudiya New York temple, and was later worshiped in Los
Math in Mathura, where he is still worshiped today. Angeles and then Laguna Beach from 1970 to 1976.
Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 17 श्रीकृष्णकथामृत बिन् दु

The Secret of
Gaura's Sannyasa-lila
In the introduction to his Śrī Caitanya-maṅgala
(1.1.113), Srila Lochan Das Thakur has written:
aneka rahasya kathā kahiba tāhāte
vairāgya adbhuta prabhura uṭhe yenamate
I will tell many secrets, such as the secrets of the Lord’s

Painting by Kshitindranath Majumdar. West Bengal. 1950s.

wonderful renunciation.

Mahaprabhu’s purpose in accepting sannyāsa is a

very deep and multifaceted topic. To understand the
secrets of his sannyāsa-līlā, one has to first consider
that for the Lord to take sannyāsa he had to give up
the association of Mother Sachi and all the loving
devotees of Nabadwip. If one contemplates on
this fact, several perplexing questions arise about
Mahaprabhu’s relationships with his dear devotees.
Caitanya-Bhāgavata (madhya 9.215) describes the
influence of pure devotion upon the Lord:
yāhā haite āpanāra parābhava haya
sei baḍa gopya, loke kāhāre na kaya
The question is not, "- Why - did he take
You are conquered by love. This is a great secret, a sannyāsa?" The question is, " - How -
secret the people of this world do not understand. could he take sannyāsa and leave
This is an intrinsic characteristic of bhakti — it binds his mother and loving devotees?"
up the Lord. In his commentary on Vedānta-sūtra renounce them? The Lord certainly knew that Mother
(3.3.53), Srila Madhvacharya has written: bhaktivaśaḥ Sachi could not live without seeing his lotus-like face.
puruṣo bhaktir eva bhūyasī -— The Lord is controlled by How then could he leave his loving mother, his wife
bhakti. Bhakti is the best of all. Krishna himself describes Vishnupriya, and the others?
the same thing in Hari-bhakti-sudhodaya (14.29):
Yuga Dharma
sadā mukto ’pi baddho ’smi bhaktena sneha rajjubhiḥ
One may say that the Lord left them and took
ajito ’pi jito ’haṁ tair avaśo ’pi vaśī kṛtāḥ
sannyāsa so that he could preach to the students
Though I am eternally free and independent, still I and impersonalists, and thereby establish the
become bound up with the rope of love of my devotees.
religion of this age. However, Srila Krishnadas
In the ninth canto of Bhāgavatam (4.63), the Lord Kaviraj Goswami describes that establishing
tells Durvasa Muni: the yuga-dharma was an external, secondary
ahaṁ bhakta-parādhīno hy asvatantra iva dvija
desire of the Lord. What then was the internal,
sādhubhir grasta-hṛdayo bhaktair bhakta-jana-priyaḥ
primary purpose of the Lord’s sannyāsa-līlā? Srila
Krishnadas Kaviraj Goswami describes:
I am completely under the control of my devotees. Indeed,
I am not at all independent. Because my devotees are prema-rasa-niryāsa karite āsvādana
completely devoid of material desires, I sit only within the rāga-mārga bhakti loke karite pracāraṇa
cores of their hearts. What to speak of my devotee, even rasika-śekhara kṛṣṇa parama-karuṇa
those who are devotees of my devotees are very dear to me. ei dui hetu haite icchāra udgama
Because the lord was bound by the love of his pure The Lord’s desire to appear was born from two rea-
devotees in Nabadwip, how was it possible for him to sons: the Lord wanted to taste the sweet essence
Sri Krishna Kathamrita Bindu Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 18

Painting by Kshitindranath Majumdar. West Bengal. 1950s.

Gaura-virahiṇī-viṣṇuprīyā
"Vishnupriya, the embodiment of separation from Gaura"

of the mellows of love of God, and he wanted to

Gaura's Mercy propagate devotional service in the world on the
platform of spontaneous attraction. Thus, he is
Radha's Mercy known as supremely jubilant and as the most
Srila Prabhodananda Saraswati Thakur’s merciful of all. (Cc. ādi 4.15–16)
Caitanya-candrāmṛta, Text 88 bhāva-grahaṇera hetu kaila dharma-sthāpana
yathā yathā gaura-padāravinde tāra mukhya hetu kahi, śuna sarva-jana
vindeta bhaktiṁ kṛta-puṇya-rāśiḥ To accept ecstatic love is the main reason he
tathā tathotsarpati hṛdy akasmāt appeared and reestablished the religious sys-
rādhā-padāmbhoja-sudhāṁśu-rāśiḥ tem for this age. I shall now explain that rea-
One who is extremely fortunate may get the son. Everyone please listen. (Cc. ādi 4.53)
mercy of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. As much as one ei vāñchā yaiche kṛṣṇa-prākaṭya-kāraṇa
can devote his full attention to the lotus feet of asura-saṁhāra — ānuṣaṅga prayojana
Lord Chaitanya, to that extent he will be able to ei mata caitanya-kṛṣṇa pūrṇa bhagavān
taste the nectarean service of the lotus feet of yuga-dharma-pravartana nahe tāṅra kāma
Srimati Radharani in Vrindavan. The more one Just as these desires are the fundamental reason for
engages in the service of Sri Chaitanya, the more Krishna’s appearance whereas destroying the demons
one finds oneself in Vrindavan, tasting the nectar is only an incidental necessity, so for Sri Krishna Chait-
anya, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, promulgat-
of the service of Sri Radha.
ing the dharma of the age is incidental. (Cc. ādi 4.36–37)
Unknown artist
Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 19 श्रीकृष्णकथामृत बिन् दु

"Vishnupriya in separation embraces the shoes of Mahaprabhu"

 Sri Krishna Kathamrita Bindu Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 20
Unknown artist. From the GORA Research Institute Library

Wood etching of gaura-līlā from one of the first printed volumes of Caitanya-caritāmṛta, 1700s.

Inner Purpose for Sannyasa “My friends, servants, father and mother, are all
bereft of this mellow. Only the gopīs can understand
Mahaprabhu’s internal reasons for taking sannyāsa it. (Text 108)
are described by Srila Nityananda Das, the disciple
guṇe prīte tāṅra sthāne ha-i āchā ṛṇī
of Jahnava Mata, in his book Prema-vilāsa. In chapter tomā sthāne lokanātha kahilāma āmi
seven, texts 87 to 136, he narrates an intimate
“O Lokanath! I tell you, Radha has such love that I
conversation between Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu remain indebted to her. (Text 109)
and Lokanath Goswami:
Mahaprabhu said, “This indebtedness is one cause
One day, Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu privately revealed
of my unhappiness. Please listen to another cause.
his innermost thoughts to Lokanath Goswami. Mahap-
rabhu explained everything to him about the internal There is a Brahmin who has committed a great sin
and external unhappiness that was influencing his
conduct. The Lord said, “I feel dissatisfied remaining
silent about the nature of my appearance and mis-
sion. But to whom can I speak about this confidential
subject matter? I can influence some to respect
Nityananda Prabhu and Advaita, but who will actu-
ally hear from me and understand my mission? Some
people criticize me, and others even jeer at me. I have
come to Gaudadesh, manifesting the mood of Srimati
Radharani. I want to experience Radha’s feelings of
separation from her beloved Krishna. For my sake,

Unknown artist. Circa 1940s. Kansaripara art studio. Kolkata.

Srimati Radhika has given up her family and wealth
and has completely dedicated herself to my service.
The memory of me has caused her to become lean and
thin. She is not even concerned about her appearance,
and she never looks at the face of another man. Eager
for my company, she remains constantly absorbed in
hearing and chanting about me. Being angry with me,
she used to complain about my character to the flower
groves and the Yamuna, but upon seeing me, she
would immediately forget her anger. To Radharani,
one day’s separation from me is like a hundred years.
She is my beloved; together we enjoyed transcenden-
tal pastimes in Vrindavan. She is the reason why I live
in Vrindavan. She is my life, and I am the same to her.
sakhā dāsa pitā mātā ye rase vañcita
Gaurāṅga gṛha tyāga
sabe sakhīgaṇa jāne ye rase mohita
Gauranga leaves home
Painting by Kshitindranath Majumdar. West Bengal. 1950s.
Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 21 श्रीकृष्णकथामृत बिन् दु

Gaura-bhāva-samādhi
Mahaprabhu's madness in separation

by criticizing me. This Brahmin does not recognize “Radha wears blue-colored garments, the color of
Krishna’s supreme position. Not obeying Krishna as my complexion, and in this way attains happiness.
(Text 124)
guru, he has worshiped Krishna’s servants, the devas.
Due to this offense, he will go to hell. āmāra vicchede pare aruṇa vasana
“It is my plan that on the third day of the month of āpanāke nija-dāsī māne sarva-kṣaṇa
Magha I shall accept the renounced order of life and “But when separated from me, Radha would wear a
leave home. I will become the guru of all the Brahmins saffron-colored dress and always think of herself as
my maidservant. (Text 125)
who carry daṇḍas. For the sake of these Brahmins, I
will take sannyāsa, leave my home, and move from āmāra lāgiyā rādhā ādi sakhi-gaṇa
country to country. virahe vyākula haiyā tejila jīvana

e bāhya vicāra āra manera āśaya āmiha tejiba prāṇa tāṅhāra lāgiyā
śuna lokanātha ihā kahila niścaya se daśā ha-ibe tumi śunibe thākiyā

rādhikāra bhāva lañā saba prayojana “Feeling separation from me, Radha and the gopīs have
kebā bujhe kebā śune yei mora mana given up their lives. Now I shall also give up my life
for her. You will see me in that condition, O Lokanath.
“This is my external consideration. Listen, O Lokanath! (Text 126-127)
Accepting the mood of Radha is my only necessity.
Who is there who can listen to or understand the state dhariba tāhāra kānti pariba aruṇa vasana
of my mind? (Text 122-123) ha-iba tāṅhāra dāsa ānandita mana

mora aṅgera varaṇa vasana rādhā gāya “Adopting Radha’s complexion and the saffron-col-
ei lāgi nīla-vastre sukha ati pāya ored cloth of separation, I’ll become her maidservant
and get happiness. (Text 128)
Sri Krishna Kathamrita Bindu Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 22
ei lāgi aruṇa vasana diba gāya
japiba tāṅhāra guṇa kahilu tomāya
“Wearing the saffron-colored dress of separation
on my body, I will sing the glorious qualities of
Radharani. (Text 129)
tāṅhara yateka guṇa nāriba śodhite
śata-janma āyu yadi haya pṛthivīte
guṇe prīte tāṅra sthāne ha-iyāchi ṛṇī
tomā sthāne lokanātha kahilāma āmi

Unknown artist. From Kalyana magazine, 1950s.

“Her wonderful qualities are not possible to describe.
Even if I took birth a hundred times in this world I
could not describe them all. I tell you, Lokanath, by
the wonderful qualities of her love she has put me in
her debt. (Text 130-131)
jagat bhāsāiba āmi tāṅra yaśa kīrti
tabe jāni kṛpā more karena emati
“Singing her glories, I will flood the universe with
her fame. Then she will give me her mercy. (Text 132)
pa-iba tāṅhāra prema kāndiba nayane
dhūlāya dhūsara haiyā nāciba saṅkīrtane Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu relished Radharani's
“Getting her prema, I’ll cry and dance in saṅkīrtana with mood of separation in Jagannath Puri
dust all over my body.” (Text 133) yā mābhajan durjaya-geha-śṛṅkhalāḥ
ihā bali phukariyā kānde gaura-raya saṁvṛścya tad vaḥ pratiyātu sādhunā
rādhā vṛndāvana bali dharaṇī loṭāya “O gopīs, I am not able to repay my debt for your spot-
Saying this, Lord Gaura Ray began to cry. Chanting, less service, even within a lifetime of Brahma. Your
“Radha!” “Vrindavan!” he rolled on the ground. connection with me is beyond reproach. You have
(Text 134) worshiped me, cutting off all domestic ties, which are
difficult to break. Therefore, please let your own glori-
Repaying His Debt ous deeds be your compensation.” (Bhāg. 10.32.22) (180)

Caitanya-caritāmṛta (ādi 4.177-180) elaborates on As described above by Nityananda Das, the only way
Krishna’s debt to the gopīs: Mahaprabhu saw to repay his debt to Srimati Radharani
kṛṣṇera pratijñā eka āche pūrva haite and the gopīs was for him to take sannyāsa. One may ask,
ye yaiche bhaje, kṛṣṇa tāre bhaje taiche what is the necessity of his taking sannyāsa to repay his
Lord Krishna has a promise from before to reciprocate debt. Wasn’t there some other way to repay the gopīs
with his devotees according to the way they worship other than leaving His home and devotees in Nabadwip?
him. (177) The answer is found in the Bhagavad-gītā (2.41), where
Krishna has described the nature of the path of love:
ye yathā māṁ prapadyante tāṁs tathaiva bhajāmy aham
mama vartmānuvartante manuṣyāḥ pārtha sarvaśaḥ vyavasāyātmikā buddhir ekeha kuru-nandana
“In whatever way my devotees surrender unto me, I bahu-śākhā hy anantāś ca buddhayo ‘vyavasāyinām
reward them accordingly. Everyone follows my path Those who are on this path are resolute in purpose, and
in all respects, O son of Pritha.” (Bg. 4.11) (178) their aim is one. O beloved child of the Kurus, the intel-
se pratijñā bhaṅga haila gopīra bhajane ligence of those who are irresolute is many-branched.
tāhāte pramāṇa kṛṣṇa-śrī-mukha-vacane
In loving dealings, by nature Krishna is bahu-śākhā,
That promise has been broken by the worship of the gopīs, many branched, for as the Supreme Lord he is worshiped
as Lord Krishna himself admits. (179) by unlimited devotees manifesting many varieties of
na pāraye ‘haṁ niravadya-saṁyujāṁ moods towards him, such as servitorship, friendship,
sva-sādhu-kṛtyaṁ vibudhāyuṣāpi vaḥ parental relationship and the conjugal mellow. As
Unknown photographer
Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 23 श्रीकृष्णकथामृत बिन् दु

The Gambhira in Jagannath Puri where Krishna as Chaitanya

Mahaprabhu locked himself up in a room and cried for himself.

such, Krishna has to appropriately reciprocate with Mahaprabhu repaid his debt to them and, making
each mood. However, the gopīs in their love towards the world aware of the depth of their love, glorified
Krishna have vyavasāyātmikā buddhiḥ — one-pointed them in return. Vasu Ghosh has written:
intelligence. They are not interested in the form of yadi gaura nā hoito, tabe ki hoito,
Lord Narayan. They do not even want to see Krishna in kemone dharitām de
Mathura, Dwarka, or Kurukshetra. They only want to rādhār mahimā, prema-rasa-sīmā,
serve Krishna as the son of Maharaja Nanda, playing his jagate jānāto ke
flute under the keli-kadamba tree in Vrindavan on the If Gauranga Mahaprabhu had not come, then
bank of the Yamuna. Mahaprabhu has expressed Srimati what would have become of us? How could we have
Radharani’s one-pointed attitude in the final verse of his tolerated living? Who in this universe would have ever
Śikṣāṣṭaka: mat-prāṇa-nāthas tu sa eva nāparaḥ — “I know learned about the topmost limits of loving mellows
no one other than he (Krishna) as my lord.”
that comprise the glory of Sri Radha? — MD
In their exclusive, selfless devotion to Krishna,
Bibliography
the gopīs gave up everything for him. They left their
— Dasarath Suta Das. Radha Krishna Nectar. Nectar Books. Union City,
homes, families, husbands and children and ran to Georgia. 1992.
Krishna in the dead of night. For Krishna to repay the — Gokulananda Sen. Pada-kalpa-taru. Syamacharan Library. Calcutta.
gopīs, he also had to give up everything, even his home 438 Gaurabda (1924). Bengali.

and the association of his loving mother and wife. He — Gopal Bhatta Goswami. Sat Kriyā Sāra Dīpikā, Volume One.
Bhaktivedanta Academy. Mayapur. 1995.
had to have a one-pointed focus — vyavasāyātmikā
— Krishna Dvaipayan Vyasadev. Bhagavad-gītā As It Is. English
buddhiḥ. He had to leave everything, put on the translation and commentary by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami
saffron-colored cloth of separation, and cry in the Prabhupada. Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. Bombay. 1995.

same way that Radharani cried for him. This is the — Krishna Dvaipayan Vyasadev. Śrīmad Bhāgavatam. English
translation and commentary by the humble servants of His Divine
internal reason for Mahaprabhu’s taking sannyāsa. Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Bhaktivedanta Book
In their ekāntika, one-pointed devotion, the Trust. Los Angeles. 1985.
gopīs went mad for Krishna, and by so doing, they — Lochan Das Thakur. Śrī Caitanya-maṅgala. Gaudiya Mission. Bag
Bazar. Calcutta. 1991. Bengali.
glorified the Lord. To repay them, Krishna came
— Nityananda Das. Prema-vilāsa. Mahesh Library. Calcutta. 1999. Bengali.
as Mahaprabhu, adopted Radharani’s ecstatic
— Vrindavan Das Thakur. Śrī Caitanya-bhāgavata with commentary
mood of one-pointed devotion, and experienced of Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakur. Sri Gaudiya Math. Bagbazar,
their madness of love in separation. In that way, Calcutta. 1984. Bengali.
Sri Krishna Kathamrita Bindu Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 24

Painting by Aradhya Kisori Devi Dasi

Mahaprabhu embraces Swarup Damodar Goswami in the Gambhira and

cries. Raghunath Das Goswami watches on the left, with Ramananda
Ray on the right and Govinda, Mahaprabhu's servant, in the back.
Issue Five Hundred Forty Three, Page — 25 श्रीकृष्णकथामृत बिन् दु

Seeking to Understand
Radha's Love
Govinda Das
Govinda Das is considered the greatest poet of
Brajabuli language and one of the great poets of
Bengal. He appeared in Srikhanda, Burdwan District,
probably in the third decade of the sixteenth century.
He is the younger brother of Ramachandra Kaviraj,
the close friend of Srila Narottam Das Thakur. Like
his elder brother Ramachandra, Govinda Das also
accepted initiation and shelter at the lotus feet of
Srinivas Acharya.

Unknown artist
śrī kṛṣṇa caitanya gorā śacīra dulāla
ei se pūrabe chila gokulera gopāla

In his previous birth, Sachi’s son, fair Sri Krishna

Chaitanya, was a cowherd boy in Gokul.
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu is in the mood of Radharani
keha kahe jānakī-vallabha chila rāma feeling separation from Krishna
keha bale nanda-lāla nava-ghana-śyāma
In ancient times he was dark, but now, overcome
Some say he was Janaki’s beloved, Lord
by personally experiencing the love the gopīs feel for
Ramachandra. Others say he was Nanda’s son, dark
him, he became fair like Srimati Radharani.
like a monsoon cloud.
pūrabe kāliyā chila gopī-preme bhorā chala chala aruṇa nayāna anurāgī
bhāviyā rādhāra varaṇa ebe haila gorā nā pāiyā bhāvera ora ha-ila vairāgī

Tears flowed from his reddened eyes. He could

not find the limit of that ecstatic love. He renounced
Sri Krishna Kathamrita Bindu
everything.
A free bi-monthly service provided by:
sannyāsī vairāgī haiya bhramilā deśe deśe
Gopal Jiu Publications tabu nā pāila rādhā-premera uddeśe
c/o Sri Krishna Balarama Mandir
He accepted sannyāsa and wandered from place to
National Highway No. 5
place. He tried to understand Radha’s love, but he
IRC Village
could not.
Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India 751015
govinda-dāsiyā kaya kiśorī-kiśorā
Email: katha@gopaljiu.org
svarūpa rāmera sane sei rase bhorā
Website: www.gopaljiu.org
Subscriptions: minimag@gopaljiu.org Govinda Das says, it was in the company of Svarup
Gopal Jiu Publications is a section of the International Damodar and Ramananda Ray that Lord Chaitanya,
Society for Krishna Consciousness, Founder-Acharya: His overwhelmed, tasted the nectar of ecstatic love for
Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Sri Sri Kishori Kishora, the teenaged divine couple.
Quotations from the books, letters, and lectures of His Divine Grace Bibliography
A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada ©Bhaktivedanta Book — Jagadbandhu Bhadra (editor). Gaura-pada-taraṅgiṇī. Sri Gauranga
Trust. All other materials, unless specified, © ISKCON Gopal Jiu Press. Calcutta. 1931. Bengali.
Publications. All rights reserved. Blanket permission is given
— Songs of the Vaisnava Acaryas. collected and translated by Sri
to redistribute Bindu in electronic or print form provided no
Kusakratha Das. Unpublished.
changes are made to the contents.