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Unit 4 Bonding Review

Name ________KEY______Block_____

1) Of the following 5 substances, circle the ones that are formed by ionic bonds and state one property
that they probably have.

MgCl2** NO2 NaCl** AgF** Hg2

One Property: Conducts when dissolved in water

Metallic Bonding Review

1) Metallic bonding only occurs between ___Metallic___(metallic, nonmetallic, or a combination of both)


types of elements?

2) Because the valence electrons flow throughout the metal (___Sea of electrons model) metals have
the properties of:
● Conducts as a solid
● High melting points
● Malleable/ductile
● Not soluble

3) An alloy is
Mixture of metals

4) Alloys are Change the properties


created to:

COVALENT BONDING

During Ionic bonding the electrons __________Transfer___________ from the metal atom to the nonmetal
atom.

During Covalent bonding the electrons are ______Shared__________ between the nonmetal atoms.

Properties of Covalent compounds:


● Low melting/boiling points
● Most do not dissolve in water (only polar ones do “like dissolves like”
● Do not conduct electricity as a solid or when dissolved
Complete the table
Substance Element 1 Element 2 Bond Type Example Property
(metal or nonmetal) (metal or nonmetal) (Ionic,covalent,
metallic)
NaCl metal nonmetal ionic soluble
CO2 nonmetal nonmetal covalent Low boiling point
MgAl metal metal metallic Conducts as a solid
K2O metal nonmetal ionic Conducts when dissolved
CCl4 nonmetal nonmetal covalent Does not conduct
Fe metal --------- metallic High melting point

Based on the description identify the type of bond that will fit that description

Description Bond type

High melting point, malleable, good conductor of heat or Metallic


electricity
Gas at room temperature, soluble in water, but does not conduct
Covalent
electricity
Brittle crystalline structure, high melting point, dissolves in water, Ionic
conducts electricity when melted or dissolved.

Crystalline structure, dissolves in water, does not conduct Covalent


electricity when aqueous solution, low melting point

Drawing Lewis Structures for Covalent compounds

Step by Step drawing lewis structure CO2

1) Count the total number of valence electrons in all atoms in the 16


molecule.

2) The least electronegative, non-hydrogen atom is placed in the O C O


center and the other atoms are written surrounding it.

3) Draw single covalent bonds( -- = 2 electrons) connecting the O-C-O 16-4=12


central atom to each outside atom. (subtract used electrons from
total)

4) Add electrons to fill outside atom valence shells. (subtract used O-C-O Fill each O with 6 12-12=0
electrons from total) left

5) Check to make sure the central atom has a full octet. If not, C is not full so move 2 from each O into
shift pairs from outer electrons into bonds. the sharing position
O=C=O
Infer Rules for Naming Compounds
Compounds are named according to standard rules. By following the rules, you can work out the
name of a compound simply by looking at its chemical formula. You can also go the other way and
work out the chemical formula based on the name. The rules are slightly different for Covalent (
molecular) compounds than they were for ionic compounds.

When the charge on the ion that an element forms is positive (however slight) then the element is
called electropositive and if the charge on the ion is negative then the element is electronegative.

Figure 1 Figure 2

Ionic Compounds Binary Covalent Compounds


( Molecular compounds)
Formula Name Formula Name

NaCl sodium chloride CO carbon monoxide

CdS cadmium sulfide CO2 carbon dioxide

CaI2 calcium iodide SO2 sulfur dioxide

LiCl lithium chloride NO nitrogen monoxide

Na2O sodium oxide S2Cl2 disulfur dichloride

Al3C4 aluminum carbide N2O dinitrogen monoxide

BaF2 barium fluoride CCl4 carbon tetrachloride

Mg3N2 magnesium nitride PCl5 phosphorus pentachloride

1. Compare and Contrast In what ways do the names of ionic compounds and covalent compounds
differ?

Ionic: Name of first element, then name of second element modified to ending in “ide”
Covalent: Name of first element (with prefix if more than 1), then name of second element with prefix and
modified to ending in “ide”

2. Look at Figure 2. In the covalent compound CO, the carbon atom is the more electropositive atom.
What pattern do you observe in the first word in the names for the other binary covalent compounds?
The more positive one always goes first

3. Look at the data in Figure 2. Use the data and your observations to write a set of rules for naming a
binary covalent compound.
More electropositive one first using prefix for how many atoms (never mono on first element), then the
second element with prefix and “ide”
4. KBr is an ionic compound. Identify which element is the cation and which element is the anion.
Following the naming conventions you identified for ionic compounds, what would be the name for KBr?

K is the cation, Br is anion Potassium bromide

5. NI3 is a binary covalent compound, where N is the more electropositive atom and I is the more
electronegative atom. Following the naming conventions you identified for covalent compounds, what
would be the name for NI3?
Nitrogen Triiodide

6. H2O and H2O2 are binary covalent compounds generally known by their common names, “water” and
“hydrogen peroxide.” Following the naming conventions you identified for covalent compounds, what
would their names be? Explain your reasoning.

Dihydrogen monoxide, Dihydrogen dioxide

List of Prefixes

1 mono 3 tri 5 penta 7 hepta 9 nona

2 di 4 tetra 6 hexa 8 octa 10 deca

Names and formulas for Covalent Compounds + ionic review


1. Draw the lewis structure of H2O

2. Define covalent bond.


A bond between nonmetals that share electrons

3. What type of elements form covalent bonds?


nonmetals
4. Complete the following table: If the name is given write the formula, if the formula is given write the
name.
Covalent
Name Formula Name Formula
A Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 K Nitrogen monoxide NO
B Sulfur dioxide SO2 L Chlorine dioxide ClO2
C Diphosphorus trisulfide P2S3 M Dichlorine monoxide Cl2O
D Nitrogen trifluoride NF3 N Nitrogen trihydryde NH3
E Antimony pentafluoride SbF5 O Dinitrogen monoxide N2O
F Sulfur hexaiodide SI6 P Phosphorous trichloride PCl3
G Dinitrogen pentoxide N2O5 Q Dihydrogen monosulfide H2S
H Tetraphosphorus trisulfide P4S3 R Boron trifluoride BF3
I Boron trichloride BCl3 S Dicarbon Dihydride C2H2
J Xenon tetrafluoride XeF4 T Sulfur dichloride SCl2

5. Complete the following table: If the name is given write the formula, if the formula is given write the
name. (watch for roman numerals)
Ionic
Name Formula Name Formula
A Sodium Nitrate NaNO3 E Copper (II) Sulfate CuSO4
B Copper II Chloride CuCl2 F Manganese (IV) Nitrate Mn(NO3)4
C Strontium Phosphate Sr3PO4 G Calcium Iodide CaI2
D Lead IV phosphate Pb3(PO4)4 H Lithium nitrate LiNO3

6. Complete the following table: If the name is given write the formula, if the formula is given write the
name.
Mix of Ionic and Covalent
Name Formula Name Formula
A Carbon DiChloride CCl2 E Dihydrogen monoxide H2O
B Barium oxide BaO F Carbon dihydride CH2
C Sodium Carbonate Na2CO3 G Gold (I) oxide Au2O
D Sulfur pentoxide SO5 H Magnesium oxide MgO

7. A substance dissolves in water, but does not conduct electricity, and it has a melting point of -33 degrees
Celsius. Would this substance be ionic or covalent? Explain your answer
This would be a covalent compound. The -33 degrees celsius is a low melting point which matches
covalent compounds. Covalent compounds never conduct electricity, whether as solids, liquids, gasses,
or as aqueous solutions. Most covalent compounds do not dissolve in water, but if they are polar
covalent they will because water is polar and “like dissolves like”
8. Complete the table for a substance composed of carbon tetrachloride
Draw the lewis structure Using arrows draw the Identify the molecules Describe the polarity of
bond polarity shape the molecule

Tetrahedral The molecule is nonpolar


as all arrows point
different directions

List 3 properties of this Will not dissolve in water Will not conduct Low melting point
substance electricity

9. Complete the table for a substance composed of strontium chloride


Draw the lewis structure

List 3 properties of this High melting point Dissolves in water Conducts as aqueous
substance solution

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