CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

Mathematics is one of the most difficult subjects because it deals with ideas and concepts

that need to use critical thinking of pupils to understand and identify the numbers. Mathematics

is regarded by pupil’s as one of the difficult subjects that contributes to poor academic

performance, that is why pupils became inattentive when it comes on dealing in Mathematics

subject. Pupil nowadays disregarded Mathematics considering that it is quite hard to deal with.

As we observed in Salacot Elementary School, we’ve also noticed that most of the pupils need

guidance that will support and sustain the pupils’ capacity of learning since most of the children

were losing interest during class hours because pupils are easily distracted by their environment.

The researchers also observed that pupils’ perception about Mathematics subject is always that

boring and quite complicated to do that is why, children knew that every Math activity is always

been so hard to handle.

Mathematics is an abstract subject, so elementary students easily lose interest in it,

especially low-achieving students. (Yeh et al., 2019). We all know that Mathematics is important

because it is part of our everyday lives. According to the Journal of Physics: Conference of

Series, "Mathematics literacy" is the ability to understand and apply basic knowledge of

Mathematics in everyday life, which means it entails comprehending and combining

Mathematical core concepts, terminologies, facts, and skills in response to the external situation's

requirements in the real world. (Layug et al.,2021). According to Shakuntala Devi ‘Without

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Mathematics there’s nothing you can do. Everything around you are Mathematics. Everything

around you are numbers”. (Binon, 2020).

Numeracy skills are important for accessing the broader education system because they

are use in daily life and everything. Numeracy includes number, shapes, time, problem-solving,

and data processing, all of which are consider necessary in everyday life. Children need to have

numeracy skills because it is important and proficiency in society, and for the children to

understand how to use it in real life application.

Developing numeracy skills early gives children an important foundation for the pupils’

learning and development. It helps to prepare pupils for daily life, including general problem

solving and handling money. Math includes noticing numbers, shapes, patterns, size, time, and

measurement. Incorporating math into everyday experiences is easy and fun.

A worksheet is a creative piece of paper given to pupils by teachers to fulfill a specific

task. Worksheets are an effective teaching tool for engaging pupils and promoting active

learning. The teacher should create worksheets to make sure that the topic has been learned

meaningfully. Worksheets are a modern method of educating young minds. Also, this is more

engaging and effective than any other technique for educating pupils, especially in kindergarten,

because it is the preferred strategy for getting pupils to learn. Therefore, the pupils’ worksheet

based on multiple representations can be used for increasing creative thinking skills of students.

(Mutia, 2018).

Based on the gathered data of researchers the kindergarten learners in Salacot

Elementary School have difficulty with numeracy skills. Therefore, we focus on enhancing

pupils’ understanding in terms of numeracy by using Mathematics Creative Worksheets.

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 The goal of "Mathematics Creative Worksheets" is to enhance Kindergarten Pupils'

Numeracy Skills at Salacot Elementary School, which is their development of learning

competency in Mathematics. Furthermore, the researchers want the pupils to learn through

exciting and fun creative worksheets that will help them identify and understand numbers while

having a great time doing activities with Mathematics Creative Worksheets and pupils will

enhance numeracy skills as they respond. The pupils may improve critical thinking skills as the

children will work through the worksheets. Mathematics Creative Worksheets is an intervention

enhancement strategy that assists learners in improving their numeracy skills. This enables

pupils to learn at their own pace.

Review related literature

This study is guided based on a theory called Cognitive learning approach. Cognitive

learning is a way of learning that helps pupils use their brains more effectively. Jean Piaget's

theory of cognitive development suggests that intelligence changes as children grow. He said that

the child's cognitive development is not just about acquiring knowledge, the child must develop

or construct a mental model of the world. (McLeod, 2022).

The important role makes Mathematics to become a science which should be introduced,

and it must be taught to every individual starts from pre-school to high school level.

Furthermore, stated that Mathematics learning for young learners is aimed to stimulate the

thinking ability of the children so they are ready to learn Mathematics for the next step and the

children can master various Mathematical science and skill which enable them to solve problems

in their daily life. Based on this, it is implied that Mathematics learning for young learners is a

medium to develop their simple thinking skill which can help the children to understand several

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concrete concepts, yet it is not intended to allow the children to have academic skill as soon as

possible (Mirawati, 2017).

Math is very important and it’s important to assist young children to develop their

mathematical thinking. A child’s math knowledge at the beginning of kindergarten predicts later

academic achievement better than early reading or attention skills. The importance of numeracy

in early childhood can be assessed from the fact that kids who develop a good understanding of

math are often confident when it comes to decision-making and environment assimilation

(Ahmad, 2022).

In school education, numeracy is a fundamental component of learning across all areas of

the curriculum. There are programs launched by the Department of Education to help the

learners in learning numbers in an interactive way. It is stated in the program that not only

language literacy should be included in the curriculum but also the early numeracy (Turno,

2019).

Early numeracy, including the ability to operate with number word

sequences and enumerate combined with mathematical–logical thinking skills, is at the core of
mathematics development in early childhood (Krajewski and Schneider, 2009; Sarama and
Clements, 2009). According to the research on logical principles (see Piaget, 1965; Smith, 2002),
the development of mathematical thinking is related to children’s growing abilities to understand
and make relational statements (e.g. learning what it means when a number is equal to or more than
or less than another number).
Early numeracy, including the ability to operate with number word
sequences and enumerate combined with mathematical–logical thinking skills, is at the core of
mathematics development in early childhood (Krajewski and Schneider, 2009; Sarama and
Clements, 2009). According to the research on logical principles (see Piaget, 1965; Smith, 2002),
the development of mathematical thinking is related to children’s growing abilities to understand
and make relational statements (e.g. learning what it means when a number is equal to or more than
or less than another number).
Early numeracy, including the ability to operate with number word sequences and

enumerate combined with mathematical–logical thinking skills, is at the core of Mathematics

development in early childhood (Krajewski, 2009). According to the research on logical, the

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development of mathematical thinking is related to children’s growing abilities to understand and

make relational statements (Aunio, 2014).

The learning that takes place during early childhood creates a foundation necessary for

future math concepts and possible vocations. Teachers and parents play a crucial role in

supporting and teaching these early math concepts. Without a strong foundation and proper

teaching strategies and interventions, students will continue to struggle in math through

elementary school (Guhl, 2019).

Ensuring basic literacy and numeracy is critical for improving learning in school and

throughout life. Reading, writing, and mathematics are not only foundational skills for learning

but are correlated with greater quality of life, personal well-being, national stability, and

prosperity. Lack of learning opportunities or achievement difficulties during the early stages of

acquiring literacy and numeracy cumulatively impede children’s academic progress and

motivation, resulting in further lack of achievement (Ball et al., 2014).

Young people today are seen as vibrant, individual people who have distinct distinctions

in their cultural backgrounds, cognitive talents, and physical attributes. The degree to which

students of the same age require guidance and assistance while learning varies. It is crucial that

teachers are aware of their unique demands and include those needs into their instruction. On the

other side, many teachers express irritation over high-quality requirements. They are aware of

the pressure to achieve a 100 percent passing grade in the subjects being taught. Because of the

quick changes and numerous technological and social lifestyle developments, the diversity of

learners in this generation—the so-called millennials—is obvious.

Young people, like our pupils, learn in various ways, thus instruction must be given that

can consider their various talents and capacities. The quarterly results in mathematics were a

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clear indication that kids needed to be taught in a variety of ways to learn and be taught, as

opposed to only one method due to their diversity. Young people today are characterized as

dynamic and unique individuals who they possess individual differences in terms of cultural

background, cognitive skills, and physical abilities.

This action research is a great help to improve the numeracy skills of Grade five pupils as

well as improving the teaching and learning strategies of Mathematics teachers. The degree to

which students of the same age require guidance and assistance while learning varies. It is crucial

that teachers are aware of their unique demands and include those needs into their instruction. On

the other side, a lot of educators complain about demanding standards. They are aware of the

pressure to achieve a perfect score in all subject areas. Because of the quick changes and

numerous breakthroughs in technology and social lifestyle, the diversity of learners in this

generation, also known as millennials, is very visible. Young people, like our pupils, learn in

various ways, thus it is important to give them education that may consider their various abilities

and skills. The mathematics quarterly results demonstrated clearly that pupils must be taught in a

variety of ways, both in terms of learning and teaching methods, in order to accommodate their

diversity. The grade five students' numeracy skills and the mathematics teachers' teaching and

learning methods will both benefit greatly from this action research. (Chavez, 2019).

In today's world, mathematics is essential to many facets of both personal and

professional life. However, there are significant individual variances in children's math abilities.

These individual differences can be seen before formal schooling even begins, according to a

growing body of studies. This suggests that differences in children's numerical abilities may

result (at least in part) from their experiences with math at home. Years of research have

demonstrated that children's early literacy activities at home (such as reading and talking with

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their caregivers) are related to future literacy skills, which has led to the hypothesis that

children's home numeracy experiences may serve as a foundation for math learning in school.

Therefore, just as early home literacy activities establish the "home literacy environment" (HLE),

so too many activities and materials related to home numeracy learning define the "home

numeracy environment" (HNE). A growing number of studies, the most of which rely on

parental surveys, reveal connections between home numeracy practices and children's arithmetic

outcomes, even if research on the HNE is still less extensive than that on the HLE (Girard et al.,

2021).

In the study of Chen and Chan (2022) they investigate a putative mechanism behind the

link between early math achievement and executive function (EF) abilities. We discovered that

children's EF skills predict their concurrent abilities in set counting, numeral identification,

number comparison, and number line estimate across two groups of three to six-year-olds in

preschool and kindergarten. For these two samples of kids, the effects of EF on later numeral

recognition, number comparison, and number line estimate skills persisted as substantial, but

they were lessened when the corresponding earlier numeracy competence was considered.

Additionally, in both groups, numeracy abilities played a role in mediating the link between EF

and math achievement. Together, these findings provide evidence on the nuanced relations

between EF, numeracy, and mathematics achievement, and suggest attention to each numeracy

skill to support early mathematical development (Chen Chan, 2022).

According to the Education Policy Institute, students entering secondary school have

literacy and numeracy skills that are 1-2 months and 2-3 months below those of preceding

cohorts, respectively.

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 Early development of numeracy abilities predicts academic success and has a direct

correlation to life happiness in maturity. All pupils should have access to a solid early numeracy

foundation for these reasons. In the classroom, teaching strategies for diverse math students

should consider each student's unique developmental potential and growth mindset. Along with

precise and continuing evaluation procedures, students should also receive help from a

collaborative team that is based on their strengths and is well-versed in pedagogy. With these

supports, pupils could be given the best possible chance to build strong early numeracy skills,

continue to expand their conceptual and calculational understanding in school mathematics

curriculum, and reduce math learning anxiety (Skwarchuk, 2020).

The children’s mathematic learning activity which is conducted appropriately will train

children’s brain to be developed and cause the knowledge and information becoming more

meaningful and directed if it is integrated to the daily life and experience of children. The early

childhood study and understand the concept and basic skill of mathematic through the

exploration, interactive experience with the subject material, parents, and teachers in preparing

mathematic activity (Salasa et al., 2021).

The student Mathematics Worksheet is a teaching material that can be compiled by the

teacher itself which presents a problem to measure students' thinking skills. Bellawati stated that

student worksheets are designed so that students can learn independently. In the Mathematics

Worksheets is presented place where students write solutions to problems. Through worksheets,

student-guided to doing work assignments as activities to manage students' skills in the

classroom guided by the teacher (Sipayung, 2019).

In terms of academic attainment, worksheets can be helpful in a number of ways.

Worksheets, for example, can be used to enhance textbooks by adding information specific to

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specific classes. Furthermore, voids in worksheets offer opportunities for pupils to fill in gaps

and build knowledge. When used in conjunction with appropriate teaching approaches, well-

designed worksheet questions can pique students' interest. Worksheets also serve a variety of

purposes in various circumstances [4]. Worksheets can be used by teachers as an assessment tool

to comprehend students' prior knowledge, learning outcomes, and learning processes, and they

can also be used by students to track their own learning progress (Delos Reyes et al., 2021).

Teachers use worksheets for the purposes of supporting studying, promoting active

learning, raising interest in learning science, and assessment. Many studies suggest that well-

designed worksheets have had positive impacts on students’ learning achievement (Lee, 2014).

Worksheets are materials by which students are given transaction steps regarding what

they are supposed to learn. Also, they include activities which give the students main

responsibility in their own learning (Kurt et al., 2002)

Worksheets can be useful in many ways in terms of academic achievement. For example,

as supplements to textbooks, worksheets can be used to add information for classes. In addition,

blanks in worksheets are invitations for students to fill in gaps; they are opportunities for

knowledge construction. Well-designed questions in worksheets can draw students’ interest

when paired with proper teaching methods. Furthermore, worksheets play a variety of functions

in different contexts (Lee, 2014).

Student worksheets based on Contextual Teaching and Learning that are used in learning

consist of three sub-layers are atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere. In CTL-based student

worksheets, there are 7 main components of CTL are constructivist, questioning, modelling,

finding, community learning, reflection, and authentic assessment. Learning outcomes using

CTL-based Student Worksheets are easier for students to understand learning material, this is

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shown by students in solving problems on student worksheets properly. Based on the results of

the study it can be concluded that learning by using Student Worksheets based on Contextual

Teaching and Learning helps students more easily understand the subject matter (Nurita, 2019).

Academic success and metacognition skill level of the prospective teachers who were

taught with worksheets enriched with concept cartoon this increase did not create a statistically

significant difference between both groups. This may be due to the fact that science pre-service

teachers are not accustomed to the teaching practice and the duration of the research is limited

for the development of metacognitive skills. Therefore, the applications of different special

education methods and techniques used in science education should be demonstrated in the

education faculties within the scope of this course. Thus, it can be ensured that prospective

teachers' knowledge about special teaching methods and techniques are not only theoretical but

also practical (Yurtyapan et al., 2021).

Worksheets are defined as important tools including the steps of this process specified

what the students should do next, help the students themselves set up their information in their

own minds and at the same time provide the whole class to participate in the given activity. It is

referred that worksheets make the students active in learning environment showing the way of

getting the findings in a controlled way by making observation, forming hypothesis and doing

experiments around the specific topic (Aksan et al., 2012).

The use of self-guiding worksheets in this study somehow answered the problem on

students’ low performance in mathematics as shown by the significant change of the scores of

the students. This implies that a worksheet has a potential in improving students’ performance

and has an impact on struggling students in mathematics. Therefore, mathematics teachers

should be informed of the benefits that self-guiding worksheets can contribute to improving

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students’ performance and teachers should utilize them in their mathematics classes. The use of

self-guiding worksheets helps teachers not just in focusing on subject matter alone but also in the

process of teaching and learning. The strategy also gave the teacherresearcher direction to focus

on students’ progress and needs. Furthermore, the basic mathematical concepts were identified

that the students need to learn first before continuing to complex ones (Magbanua, 2018).

The provision of worksheets placed an emphasis on the key chemical concepts and aided

students in their understanding of scientific writing conventions. Students were provided with an

explicit guide to writing laboratory reports and given feedback on their writing technique. The

submission system was moved to the online student platform Web CT to increase flexibility and

improve the quality and speed of feedback. These changes were met favorably by students, and

the subsequent improvement in quality of student work was noted by the assessors. The study

highlighted the importance of demonstrators as teaching staff and the need to provide them with

adequate training and resources (Bussemaker, 2011).

Development of Student Worksheets to Improve the Ability of Mathematical Problem

Posing it was concluded that the student worksheets through scientific approach with what if not

strategy load some activities including observing, questioning, trying, reasoning, and concluding.

The activity of questioning using what if not strategy involves changing data, adding data,

changing data with the same question, or changing question with the same data. The student

worksheets also presented some contextual problems in accordance with the experience of

students. After tested using worksheet, the improvement of student mathematical problem posing

in the three schools was in moderate criteria (Putra el at., 2017).

The worksheets proposed for this pedagogical intervention encompassed activities that

offered several opportunities for students to develop effective reading strategies to enhance their

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reading comprehension development. These activities provided clues regarding the link between

the research question and this pedagogical intervention. By means of direct instruction related to

the use of reading strategies, this intervention aimed to observe, on the one hand, if students used

any strategies when reading a text. On the other hand, how the use of a VLE such as Moodle

helped them develop their reading comprehension; and how explicit instruction on reading

strategies affected the reading comprehension of a group of undergraduate students (Castro,

2017).

The school administrators may encourage teachers to create learning material as a

supplementary material that support the needs of learners to have the mastery of the topic.

Teachers should adapt the use of worksheet as a remedial material in teaching Mathematics and

as part of teaching methodology of the teacher to increase learner’s academic performance.

Teachers were encouraged to develop worksheet as a remedial material teaching not only in

Mathematics but also in other areas of learning. This implies that the crafted worksheet was

effective as a remedial material in teaching Mathematics specifically on topics involving

permutations, combinations, and probability (Emballa, 2022).

Worksheets are identified as appropriate and commendable by the validators. The

achievement performance of the respondents has improved substantially. There is a significant

difference between the students' academic achievement using established worksheets compared

to conventional approaches. In teaching Science 9 concepts, the developed worksheets are

appropriate to use as a material and greatly enhanced the students' efficiency (Monding et al.,

2021).

Thus, the worksheet is an instructional tool consisting of a series of questions and

information designed to guide students to understand complex ideas as they work through it

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systematically. It was provided as an additional scaffold apart from the problem trigger, and

students may complete it on their own or in discussion with their teammates. For the control

group, the students were only provided with the problem trigger (Schmidt et al, 2011).

Conceptual Framework

This study will dominate the Enhancement of Kindergarten Pupils’ Numeracy Skills in

Salacot Elementary School through Mathematics Creative Worksheets.

This learning method is active, constructive, and long-lasting. It encourages pupils to

fully engage in the learning process, making learning, thinking, and recognizing easier by using

Mathematics creative worksheets to enhance pupils' numeracy skills.

The researchers come up with an intervention that will challenge the pupils’ preconceived

notions, we can be sure that employing Mathematics Creative Worksheets will pique the pupils’

attention because it will be interesting to children. Additionally, this worksheets will focus more

on hands-on activities than just paper and pencil, the knowledge acquired will be permanent to

pupils’ thoughts and ideas.

The dependent variable in this study is numeracy skills; thus, we must begin teaching

them numeracy skills as early as kindergarten to help them improve their knowledge. The

independent variable of this study is using the Mathematics Creative Worksheet, which can be

taught visually and verbally to the pupils. The researchers will also teach pupils to easily recall

the children’s prior knowledge and connect it with the new lesson, to lessen the difficulty of

identifying and being able to understand numeracy in kindergarten pupils.

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 The researchers come up with a conceptual framework that will serve as a guide in

conducting the research study.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Mathematics Creative
Worksheets Numeracy Skills

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

The figure shows the concept of the research entitled “Enhancement of Kindergarten

Pupils’ Numeracy Skills in Salacot Elementary School through Matehmatics Creative

Worksheets”. The main problem is, the pupils having difficulty on identifying and understanding

numeracy in Mathematics. In this framework, the Mathematics Creative Worksheets will use to

enhance the numeracy skills of kindergarten pupils.

Research Questions

The study aims to determine the effectiveness of using Mathematics Creative Worksheets

on Enhancement Numeracy skills of Kindergarten Pupils.

Specifically, this study will answer the following:

1. How may the skills of numeracy of kindergarten pupils be describe in terms of:

1.1. counting pictures;

1.2. connecting dots; and

1.3. tracing Number?

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2. Is there a significant difference in kindergarten pupils' pre-test and post-test scores after

exposing them to activities using Mathematics Creative Worksheet?

3. What are the perceptions of the teacher towards the use of activities using Mathematics

Creative Worksheet?

Hypothesis

There is no significant effect in the Numeracy Skills of Kindergarten Pupils after

exposing Mathematics Creative Worksheets.

Scope and Limitations

The study focus on the effects of Using Mathematics Creative Worksheets

on Enhancement of Kindergarten Pupils’ Numeracy Skills in Salacot Elementary School

that will be handle by four (4) researchers in Salacot Elementary School Salacot, San Miguel,

Bulacan. This study will be conduct for the School Year 2022- 2023.

The subjects of the study will be the 20 kindergarten pupils of J.A. Santos in the morning

session and the 20 kindergarten pupils of T. Tecson in the afternoon session with the total of 40

kindergarten pupils at Salacot Elementary School, plus 1 kindergarten teacher, who have

unattentive pupils while discussing a numeracy topic.

Significance of the Study

This study will be relevant in the field of education. It will likewise show the

effectiveness of Enhancement of Kindergarten Pupils’ Numeracy Skills in Salacot Elementary

15
School through the use of Matehmatics Creative Worksheets Moreover, results of the study may

be significant to the following:

Pupils. Results of the study will boost the interest of the kindergarten pupils to

participate in class discussions.

Teachers. Results of the study will give teachers a different Mathematics Creative

Worksheet wherein they will use in encouraging the involvement of pupils in discussion.

Parents. Results of the study will give parents valuable information on how they are

going to impart knowledge and encourage the pupils to participates in discussion using

Mathematics Creative Worksheet

Officer-In-Charge. Results of the study will give the principal an idea about making a

policy to use Mathematics Creative Worksheets when presenting a lesson.

Future Educators. Results of the study will benefit the future educators by giving them

an idea on Mathematics Creative Worksheet that may greatly affect the interest kindergarten

pupils in participating class discussion.

Researchers. Results of the study will be helpful to the researchers since they will

provide them ideas on how to apply the Mathematics Creative Worksheet, which could have a

positive impact on kindergarten pupils' curiosity.

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 CHAPTER II

METHODS

This chapter presents the methodology used in the study. It includes research design,

sampling method, data garthering technique, instruments, data collection procedure and data

analysis that will be employed in the study.

Type of Research

The type of research is classroom-based action research in this study, the researchers will

use Pre-Experimental Method. The pre-experimental designs are the one group posttreatment-

only study and the one group pretest-posttest design. Various ways in which these designs can be

strengthen are presented, along with descriptions of published articles illustrating the use in

17
social work and other human service settings. The limitations of the designs are also discussed,

as is a review of the major threats to internal validity that can inhibit causal inferences (Thyer,

2012).

The researchers want to know the effectiveness of Mathematics Creative Worksheets in

Enhancement of Numeracy Skills of Kindergarten Pupils. It is to get their attention and

strengthen their interest, which allows pupils to actively participate in activities, enhance the

pupils’ numeracy skills to improve academic performance.

The researchers will use the pretest-posttest which consists of three steps the first step is to

administer a pretest, to measure the capability knowledge of the dependent variable about

numeracy subjects then after that researchers will apply the pre-experimental intervention of

using Mathematics Creative Worksheets to enhance the pupils’ numeracy skills, the last step that

the researchers will do is to administer a post-test after implementing the intervention of using

Mathematics Creative Worksheets to enhance the pupils’ numeracy skills to measure the

development.

Respondents

The researcher will consider the 20 kindergarten pupils of J.A. Santos in the morning

session and the 20 kindergarten pupils of T. Tecson in the afternoon session with the total of 40

kindergarten pupils at Salacot Elementary School, plus 1 kindergarten teacher, who have

inattentive performance in understanding and identifying the numbers based on the gathered

information of the researchers.

Sampling Method

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 The researchers will use total enumeration sampling where they looked at every

individual as well as the entire population. Total enumeration sampling is a type of purposive

sampling technique that involves examining the entire population that have a particular set of

characteristics. Most of the time, researchers consider this as their sampling method because the

entire population is so small and well-define, and a fraction of which may no measure what is

required (Canonizado, 2021).

A complete count is what is referred to as a "complete enumeration" through this

sampling, in which only a portion of the population is collected. For certain types of data, a total

enumeration-based survey is usually used simply because it is expected to provide full statistical

coverage over space and time.

Proposed Intervention

This research is intended for the researchers to know if Mathematics Creative

Worksheets holds a direct effect on pupils’ in enhancing the numeracy skills of the kindergarten

pupils in Salacot Elementary School located at Asian Highway Salacot, San Miguel, Bulacan

shows that pupils have inattentive participation in numeracy topic. The researchers formulate a

way on how can enhance the numeracy skills of the kindergarten pupils.

Mathematics Creative Worksheets consist of 3 parts that are use in the pre-test and post-

test. The first part includes counting picture, wherein the pupils will count the object or shape

that shows in the picture. The next part is called "connecting dots." It is a matching-type test

wherein the pupils will count the number of shapes in column A and connect it to the figure of a

number in column B. The last part of the test is what we called "tracing numbers," where the

19
pupils were going to trace the broken line of the number to create that figure. Pupils will learn to

count and identify the number of objects as well as the shape in a given worksheet, as well as

how to write numbers, in this manner.

The researcher believes that using this application with kindergarten pupils has a lot of

potential. The intervention consists of the utilization of creative worksheets wherein the pupils

will use the activity as part of the learning process. The Mathematics Creative Worksheets

consist of activities related to numeracy. The researchers see this application as the key to

improving the numeracy skills of the kindergarten pupils.

  The researchers observed that kindergarten pupils have difficulties identifying and

understanding numeracy. Therefore, the researchers consult with the kindergarten adviser to

know more about the pupils' numeracy strengths and weaknesses, and based on the data

gathered, the researchers will consider interventions that may help the pupils to understand and

identify numbers more easily, as well as counting. 

Data Collection

The proposed intervention will validate with the expert, and then, after the validation of

the instrument, the researchers secure a written permit to the Officer-In-Charge for Salacot

Elementary School and Parent consent for the parent’s of the pupils’ to inform them on the

research that conducting involving their child.  After the given permission, the researchers will

explain the purpose of the study to the selected respondents and then they made sure each

participant corresponds to their criteria.

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 The researchers will collect data using Pre-Test and Post-Test which includes counting

pictures, connecting dots, and tracing numbers. The researchers ensures that pupils' numeracy

skills will enhance by using this creative worksheets.

Ethical Consideration

The following ethical guidelines will put into place for the research period, to conduct

this study, the researchers will ask first permission of the Officer-In-Charge by making a consent

letter before conducting the action research. After getting the permission of the Officer-In-

Charge, the letter will cascade to the cooperating teacher.

The researchers will also obtain formal permission or consent from the pupils and the

parents as the children are still minor. It will also necessary to have proper caution when using

information and to avoid plagiarism, particularly when using and citing references that will guide

the study.

To protect the pupils' identities, the researchers ensure that the study will conduct the

following stipulations of the Data Privacy Act or Republic Act No. 10173 and personal

information of the participants will keep confidential. All information that will gather are not be

release to anyone, only participants and researchers will have access to this information in order

to protect individuals from harm.

Make effort to avoid bias in experimental method research, data analysis, data

interpretation, personnel decisions, and other aspects of research where objectivity is expected

or required.

Data Analysis

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  Data gathered from the Mathematics Creative Worksheets pre-test and post-test will be

graded through rubrics. Afterwards, is to know the pupils’ perceptions on the intervention,

Mathematics Creative Worksheets score of (pre- and post test score). The researchers will

interview the teacher base on the observation towards the effectiveness of using Mathematics

Creative Worksheets through thematical analysis.

Thematic analysis is a method of analyzing qualitative data. It is usually applied to a set

of texts, such as an interview or transcripts. The researcher closely examines the data to identify

common themes – topics, ideas, and patterns of meaning that come up repeatedly (Caulfield,

2022).

The researcher will use Paired T-test in analyzing the data. A t-test compares the means

of two samples. When the population parameters (mean and standard deviation) are not known, a

t-test is used. Paired T-Tests look for differences between two variables from the same

population (pre- and post test score). For instance, in a training program, the trainee's

performance score before and after completion of the program (Anushka, 2019).

Timetable/Gantt Chart
Table 1. Matrix of Activities
Step-by-Step procedures of how to conduct of the study

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 REFERENCES

Ahmad, S. 2022 Importance of Numeracy in Early Childhood

https://www.holidayeducationist.com/importance-of-numeracy-in-early-childhood/
Aksan et al., 2021 The effect of the use of worksheets about aqueous solution reactions on pre-
service elementary science teachers’ academic success
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/82241096.pdf
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