PERCENTAGE RATE OF WORKING STUDENTS OF SAN

PEDRO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOLYEAR 2022-2023:

REASONS, ADVANTAGES,
AND DISADVANTAGES

By

Ernan Gel B. Guevarra

Rhijhene Cantuba
Jea Jamot
Jonel Buhat
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Pages
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………….......1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………….2
DEDICATION………………………………………………………………………...3

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………. 4
Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………………... 5
Objective of the Study………………………………………………………………… 6
Scope and Delimitation………………………………………………………………...7
Significance of the Study……………………………………………………………….8

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE……………………………………………...10
Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………………………14
Conceptual Framework…………………………………………………………………16
Definition of Terms……………………………………………………………………. 17

CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY……………………………………………………….18
Research Design/Techniques……………………………………………………………18

CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…………………………………………………………20
Organizing Data………………………………………………………………………….24
Interpretation Data……………………………………………………………………….34
CHAPTER V
Summary…………………………………………………………………………………42
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….43
Recommendation………………………………………………………………………...44
APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………………45
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………...50
 ABSTRACT

This study explores how the students creates wat to minimize their time
while working and studying. The said study also aims to investigate and identify
student’s experience while working. They are starting to realize how difficult
their situation is. Next are the problems they encounter. Then, how do they deal
with and cope with such difficulties? The purpose of this study is to investigate
the experiences of working while studying. In this study, a quantitative study is
used. It isa subjective report that makes use of reasons, advantages, and
disadvantages to deal with accumulating important information. The method
that is used in the process of this making this part of the study is the snowball
technique. Based on the participant’s responses about their perceptions of
working while studying, it is confirmed that financial, support, self-
development, and internal motivation to integrate theory and practice are among
the driving forces behind working while studying. The findings also show that
the participants have a positive attitude and good time management. Moreover,
it shows that the most effective ways of overcoming the problems they
encounter are through good time management and self-reflection. The last
research questions intended to ask the participants their suggestions are that
students who have similar conditions. Among the suggestions are that students
who decide to work while studying must first of all be committed and
disciplined.
 ACKNOWLEGDEMENT

This research study was completed with sacrifices, efforts, help from
others, respect, and discipline. We would like to thank people who helped us
because without them, this research study will not be completed.

To our almighty god, for giving us strength, good health and courage to
accomplish this research study.

To our parents because they are always here to support us and give us an
advice for not to give up on this study. We know that you are always proud of
what we are doing in school.

To our teacher in this research subject, Carla M. Napat, thank you for
giving us an idea about this research study.

Our respondents because without their answers and cooperation, we

would not be able to solve the problem in this study. And also, to our
groupmates for the ideas and moral support.
DEDICATION
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, not all students are fortunate enough to be able to meet

their daily and academic needs. Working part-time means working fewer hours
per week than full-time. Having a part-time job while studying is extremely
difficult and difficult in a way you look at it making these hardworking students
worthy of respect and recognition. It’s difficult to imagine how these
hardworking students manage their time and priorities. Also, how they provide
enough attention and focus on everything. And how they exert the required
amount of effort and skill. How do these people think about additional problems
and how do they solve them? So much to think about people in this situation are
referred to as “working student.” Working students are those who are both
students and workers. They must balance their time as both students and
workers. They manage their time and schedule to meet demands of school and
work.

Workings students are individual or students who can manage two

major life responsibilities at the same time. They must live two lives: one as
worker and one as a student. They must find a way to balance work and study.
As a worker must perform well in order to keep their job. Of course, it is
important for a student to do well in order to justify the money spent on his or
her studies.

These student’s lives are not easy. Their situation can be daunting at
times, especially when their school requirements and work schedule coincide.
They must properly manage their time in order to handle their studies and work.
 Poverty is not the only reason why some students study and work at the
same time, but it is the most common. Some students wanted to work and study
at the same time because they wanted to become self-sufficient and responsible.
They wanted to gain work experience because it would be beneficial in the
future. They also desired to have more money to purchase all their needs and
desires in life without having to ask or borrow money from their parents.

The researchers aimed to study the reasons, advantages, disadvantages,

and the rate and percentage of working students at San Pedro National High
School, as well as their experiences as working students, how they manage their
time when their school requirements and working schedule coincide, and how
they can balance their lives as a student and a worker.
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to determine the reasons, advantage and disadvantages of

working student.

Specifically, this research study aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the percentage rate of the working students of San Pedro National
High School year 2022-2023?

2. What are their reasons for working while studying?

3. What are the advantages of being a working student?

4. What are the disadvantages of being a working student?

 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main objectives of this study are….

1. To determine the percentage rate of working students of San Pedro

National High School.

2. To determine the reasons why they are working while studying.

3. To determine the advantages of being a working student.

4. To determine the disadvantages of being a working student.

 SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

The study focused on the rate of working students at San Pedro National High
School. The study also encompasses the reasons of students at San Pedro
National High School to work and study simultaneously; the advantages and
disadvantages of being a working student; and their aspirations in life to pursue
working even if it causes problems for them. The main location of the study will
be San Pedro National High School, and the most likely target respondents will
be the working students, specifically from Grades 9 to 12.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will beneficial to the following:

To the Students
This research will allow them to learn about the experiences of
working students and may serve as an inspiration to them.

To the Teachers
This research will assist them in better understanding the situations
of their students who work and study at the same time.

To the Parents
This research will assets them in understanding how difficult their
child’s situation as working students is.
To the Community
This research will be most beneficial to the community because of
the reasons of the students why they’re working. This will also give the
community an advantage to know the rate and percentage of working students.
So that the community can help to reduce the rate of working students.

To Future Researchers
This study will serve as a guide and source of information for them
to conduct future research on the working Senior High School Student’s life
experiences.
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Many students work while studying (Bennet, McCarty & Carter, 2015;
Darolia, 2014). This job has an impact on their academic studies. Students
choose to work while studying for a variety reasons, including increased study
time and low family income.

From the perspective of the students themselves, part time work is an

often introduction to the real world which will assist them both in personal and
career development especially in the higher education sector (Tymon, 2013).

Some students may have to work full-time or multiple jobs to make ends
meet their educational costs (Goldrick-Rab, 2016). However, they may face
additional challenges, such as time constraints as well as study time. Personal
matters and responsibilities can lead to stress and mental health problems
(Matheuws, 2018). Furthermore, the negative effects of working students are
primarily associated with anxiety, depression, and poor academic performance
(Mounsey, Vandehey, and Diekhoff, 2013).

As many students suggested, indeed a combination of a full-time

studying and part-time can cause a damaging effect on the physical and mental
health of the students. It can create a negative impact on academic performance
(Hovhaugen, 2015, Creed, French & Hood 2015; Darolia, 2014).

According to the Commission for Higher Education (CHED), over

216,000 students in the country are currently misrepresenting school and
employment, accounting for approximately 8% of all college and high school
students. Working students today, according to CHED, are largely involved in
food services, entertainment, and sales, in addition to their traditional jobs as
librarians and research assistants. "One of the reasons why students require an
extra income is because of a financial problem," according to officer-in-charge
at CHED's executive director's office, Atty. Vitriolo, Julito He further stated
that these kids are obliged to work independently due to rising commodity costs
and tuition bills. According to the CHED, hardly half of working students’
complete college and high school, as many cannot adapt and cannot concentrate
in their studies, while some have poor health, while others didn’t continue
because of financial problems. CHED recommended working students to have
jobs that are too demanding and that is more related to their courses so that they
can work comfortably.

Based on the study of Rajeev Darolia's (2014) research, a rising

percentage of high school pupils are working more regularly. He examines the
impact of working on grades and credit completion for college students in the
United States using nationally representative data from the 1997 National
Longitudinal Survey of Youth. These are strategies for determining the causal
relationship between working and academic performance, and they include
student-level fixed effects to control for permanent, unobserved characteristics
that may affect both work and study intensity, as well as system GMM models
to account for potentially endogenous relationships between both aspects that
vary over time. He investigates how the repercussions of working for varied
subgroups will be dealt with, with a particular focus on variations between full-
time and part-time pupils. In addition, he finds no evidence in harming students
complete fewer credits per term when increasing work.

According to Wikipedia (2014), in the past, universities and big

schools, in particular, have developed their own customised student record
system, with one such example being the Repository of Student Information
(ROSI) system at the University of Toronto. With the rising difficulties in the
educational institutions' industry, most organizations now prefer to acquire
customisable software, and an increasing number are purchasing software as a
service (SAAS) to ensure ongoing improvement for working students.
Furthermore, since the late 1990s, most students' information systems have been
migrating to the web, and this tendency is accelerating as institutions replace
older systems.

According to Fotrell (2013), even though many students work 20 hours

a week, their salary only covers their tuition and stipend. The majority (62%)
have established a budget to keep track of their costs.

Tucker (2015), kids who work after school with balanced and excellent
time management may earn money to pay for tuition, and working students with
strong time management can achieve a good or average academic grade. On the
other hand, there are some disadvantages to being a working student. Some of
them have poor time management because they work more than 10 hours per
week, making it difficult to keep up with schoolwork, have less time for
extracurricular activities, have less family time, and have added work stress.

The ultimate reason that leads students to work is to earn money to

support their families and keep themselves in schools (Robinson, 1999). “Debt
reduction is also a common reason for working, suggesting that students are
indeed concerned about the level of debt they are incurring” (Jewell, 2014).
According to the Guardian, most students work at least part time because of
money concerns, with 58% wanting to spend the money on socializing and 55%
on food and household bills. A sensible 38% say that they are doing it for their
future to avoid staying in debt (Gil, 2014).

Through their occupations, students can learn transferrable skills such

as communication and teamwork and improve time management skills, all
equally important when entering the labor market (Jewell, 2014).
 Karavana (2013), discovered that there was an increase in the number
of working students, can be attributed to desire to minimize loans and debts.
Students felt the needs to limit their borrowing and therefore earn more tuition.
Another benefit lies in the feeling of self-achievement and self-satisfaction that
is achieved through challenging oneself with double the workload and two
different lifestyles. It is all about pushing oneself to the limits and providing to
the world that one can manage their time in the best possible way and make the
most of it by working and studying together is the key to success and is the key
to success and is the foundation on which one’s future and career depends.

The family economy is closely related to the learning of children.

Children who are studying in addition must be fulfilled their basic needs, such
as eating, clothes, health protection, and others also require learning facilities in
the form of study rooms, tables, chairs, lightning, books, and others, learning
facilities that can only be met if the family has enough economy, but if the
family’s apprehensive economic condition then the child will feel excluded or
isolated by his friends with enough economic or rich, that children will be
disturb (Flecha, 2012).

For academic performance, students can learn about the real prospects
of the real working environment which is a better way to learn more about life
(Richardson, Evans, & Gbadamosi, n.d). Additionally, working and learning
can provide better education when they expose themselves in the job-related
fields (Carnevale, P.A., Smith, N. Melton, M. & Price, E.W, 2015).

Working in various fields during school days helps build up students’

backgrounds and experiences, which contribute to gaining a high salary (BYU
Employment Services, 2006). Furthermore, 61% of working students believed
that their current part-time jobs would help them to get better jobs in the future
(Robinson, 1999). Similarly, another research also pointed out that degree-
related work and unpaid work experience increase the likelihood of getting a
graduate job (Jewell. S, 2014). Another research study also illustrated that
“Through your job, you’ll become better acquainted with faculty, staff, and
other students. Part-time work allows you to gain careerrelated experiences as
you clarify goals, acquire skills and self-confidence, and build a network of
contacts” (Benefits of Student Employment, n.d.).
Loads of work and problems from the workplace can distract students
from their study to some extent. According to a recent study, it is reported that
students are willing to give up study time to accommodate term-time
employment (Jewell, 2014).

Working and studying at the same time are challenging tasks that
require students to invest lots of time on both. Too much academic work and
career 26 issues can make students stressed, which then makes it hard to carry
on studying and working at the same time. The amount of stress varies from one
student to another based on the different institutes and workplaces in which they
study and work (Irfan & Azmi, 2014). Besides deadlines, limited finances,
family issues and time, other additional responsibilities also stress college
students out (Martinez, Ordu, Sala, & McFarlance, 2013).

Students are expected to manage their time well in order to deal with
their hectic schedules. According to a research study, students have no time to
read as their time available for reading has been reduced because of workrelated
responsibilities. Especially during the sales season, or any other special events,
students have to work overtime, hence their assignments are delayed until the
last moment (Richardson, Evans, & Gbadamosi, n.d). In relation to this, they
have to be very good at time management and prioritize the most important
tasks first in order to meet the deadline. However, they barely have time for
themselves and families due to their conflicting roles (Martinez, Ordu, Sala, &
McFarlance, 2013)
 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Moral
Responsibility
Theory

PERCENTAGE RATE OF
WORKING STUDENTS OF
SAN
PEDRO NATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOLYEAR 2022-2023:
REASONS,
ADVANTAGES,
AND DISADVANTAGES

Sociobiology Existential
Theory Theory
 Students worked part-time and sometimes full-time while studying.
Everywhere, studying is becoming the norm. Job experience will eventually
prepare students for their future careers. While ordinary experiences will make
up the majority of this study's data content; will be analyzed and justified in
light of specific theories P.F.'s Moral Responsibility Theory is used in this
study. Edward Strawson's Sociobiology Theory Wilson, as well as Soren
Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche's Existential Theory.

P.F.'s Moral Responsibility Theory Strawson, first published in 1962.

Each action's consequences are presented as an advantage and disadvantage
result. It is possible defined in philosophy as the status of morally deserving
praise, reward, blame, or condemnation punishment for an act performed or
omitted in violation of one's moral obligations accompanied by the three
necessary elements of accountability, freedom, and results that can be either
praiseworthy or blameworthy.

This theory shapes the advantages and disadvantages of working students'

life experiences. Working part-time and studying full-time has a variety of
positive outcomes, according to Watts and Pickering (2000), and respondents
generally viewed part-time employment as a necessity to survive in the
contemporary higher education sphere. However, the student may feel under
pressure due to academic demands such as completing tasks in the allotted time
and financial insecurity. Work and studies cause these hardworking students to
be sleep deprived, and sleep deprivation increases the risk factors for insomnia
and brain function damage. Working students who are subjected to excessive
workloads despite receiving a good salary will suffer long-term health and well-
being consequences.

Second, this study will make use of Edward Wilson's Sociobiology

Theory, which was published in 1975 and discussed the relationship between
social behavior and Charles Darwin's Evolution Theory. It is based on the
hypothesis that natural selection influences an individual's behavior in some
way. Natural selection is the process by which various biological traits become
more or less common based on the effect that a specific attribute has. In
addition, sociobiology investigates and demonstrates that the concept of one's
behavior may be caused by their gene’s parents.

This theory shapes this study in such a way that it contributes to making a
valid point about the circumstances that surround the research participants, who
have been urged to make the decision to be working students in order to afford
education. It will also aid in the understanding of the students' behavior as they
adapt to what certain Things adequately fit into that specific social change,
whether their determination is genetically passed or environmentally
circumstantial. This theory gives meaning and importance to the participants'
experiences and characteristics in their decision-making process.

Finally, this study will employ Existential theory, a branch of philosophy

concerned with the meaning of life. Existential Theory (also known as
Existentialism, Merriam 1828) is a philosophical theory that states that one's
development is determined by their choices and emphasizes that everyone is
free and responsible. Humans' point of view defines their meaning in life and
attempts to make rational decisions despite living in an irrational universe.

There are two perspectives on existential theory. The first is a religious

perspective, which holds that humans' free will is influenced by their beliefs.
Second, from a psychological standpoint, everyone has their own mind and will,
and whatever they decide is their own. Working students have legal rights and
act in accordance with their desires, according to this study. Existential theory
will help students better understand situations in which they may stop studying
to continue working, start studying to stop working, or do both at the same time.
Existentialism focuses on the human will and supports the factors that influence
working students' choices and perspectives.
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The researchers aimed to study the reasons, advantages, disadvantages
and the rate and percentage of working students at San Pedro National High
School, as well as their experiences as working students, how they manage their
time when their school requirements and working schedule coincide, and how
they can balance their lives as a student and as a worker.

Assessment on the area, materials needed, population

included to the time-frame and methods and styles to
be followed in the gathering information and in
evaluating the various form of knowledge to be
INPUT collected.

Assessment on the information gathered through a

survey, observation in the form of checklist and
questionaires given to the participants of the study.
Also, comparison of the results of the study.
PROCESS

Rate and Percentage of Working Students in San

Pedro National High School, School Year 2022-
2023: Reasons, Advantages, And Disadvantages
OUTPUT
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Perspective

 is defined as: a particular attitude toward or way of regarding

something; a point of view Our attitudes are formed by our
feelings. Our feelings derive from our experiences. Therefore,
one’s perspective on anything, at any given time, is based solely on
their own personal experiences.

 Anxiety

 is an emotion characterized by feelings of tension, worried

thoughts, and physical changes like increased blood pressure.

 Depression

 a mood disorder that is marked by varying degrees of sadness,

despair, and loneliness and that is typically accompanied by
inactivity, guilt, loss of concentration, social withdrawal, sleep
disturbances, and sometimes suicidal tendencies

 Obliged

 to constrain by physical, moral, or legal force or by the exigencies

of circumstance obliged to find a job felt obliged to share it with
her.

 to put in one's debt by a favor or service We are much obliged for

your help.

 to do a favor for always ready to oblige a friend.

 Commodity

 is a basic good used in commerce that is interchangeable with other

commodities of the same type. Commodities are most often used as
inputs in the production of other goods or services.

 Intensity

 in a work of art describes the strength of the color, sound, light, or

feeling. The image is shown in pseudo color, warmer colours
representing greater intensities of fluorescence. The spectra are in
relative units and thus provide a comparison of the intensities of
different emission bands.

 is a measure of how strong a feeling or emotion is expressed

through the use of color, composition, and design. It can be used to
describe the mood of a piece, and how well it communicates the
artist’s message. When designing a piece, it’s important to consider
the intensity of the emotions you want to evoke.

 Endogenous

 is the opposite of exogenous, which means originating outside a

living organism. Some exogenous substances are harmful, while
others are used as medications or supplements to imitate or
counteract the action of endogenous substances.

 Prospects

 a person's chances of advancement, success, profit, etc.: chosen for

his good prospects as a leader. expectation: the prospect of facing
yet another day without hope.

 is the way people see life. Some see the brighter side while others
will only find a reason to complain. Each one of us just needs to
find a perspective to stay happy. This is the first and most
important step towards leading a satisfied and purpose-filled life.
 CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter introduces the procedure that is used in this study in investigating
the experiences of students that are working.

RESEARCH DESIGN/TECHNIQUES

This study is classified as both quantitative and qualitative research. This

seeks accurate measurement and target analysis of the percentage, rate, reasons,
advantages, and disadvantages of working students at San Pedro National High
School. The researchers used questionnaires distributed to 21 respondents and 7
lecturers at San Pedro National High School, and with their cooperation and
participation, we were able to collect the necessary data for our research.

Before beginning the survey, the researchers obtained permission from

the teacher and explained the significance of the study. With his or her consent,
he or she shared some tips on how to get pupils to cooperate.

This study also presented good morals such as humility, patience,

kindness, understanding, concern, etc. As a result of these, the study was a
success.
Locale of the Study

This study was conducted at San Pedro National High School. The
study's primary focus was on students in grades 9-12 and all instructors at San
Pedro National High School during the school year 2022-2023. There were 21
respondents and 7 lecturers to determine the Rate and Percentage of Working
Students in San Pedro National High School, School Year 2022-2023: Reasons,
Advantages, And Disadvantages.

Instrumentation
 
The researchers used questionnaires distributed to students in grades 9–12
and lecturers to collect data. The researchers were present during the students'
responses to hear the students' clarifications on the questions. Moreover, the
conducted survey was successful due to the participation of students, lecturers,
and researchers, who exactly received the 21 questionnaires from grades 9–12.
 
 CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the results and discussion of the working students in San
Pedro National High School. It includes the percentage rate of the working
students in San Pedro National High School reasons, advantage, and
disadvantages.

TABLE 1. Total no. of Students Who Work While Studying and its Percentage
of Grade level.

Grade level Total No. of No. of

Population Working Male Female Percentage
Students Rate

9 105 5 5 0

10 133 3 2 1

11 84 5 3 2

12 88 8 8 0

Total 410 21 18 3

Table 2. Age of Students Who Work While Studying

Age Total no. of Students Who Percentage Rate
Work
14-16
17-18

19-20