Introduction

Today, the world is facing many challenges in reducing energy consumption and global
warming. In the same time, there are many tools and technologies that can be used to solve these
problems. Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs) are the technology that could provide global
computing. Wireless sensor network are a group of spatially distributed and dedicated sensors for
monitoring and recording the physical conditions of the environment and organizing the
collected data at a central location called a server. WSNs measure environmental conditions like
temperature, sound, pollution levels, humidity, wind, and so on. [5]

Figure 1. Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks [8]

The Automated Home System could be implemented by making use of sensors and other
appliances connected by making use of the IoT technologies and could be remotely monitored
and provides the services according to the user need. By 2020, it is expected that the global smart
home market will reach around 40 billion dollars.[1]
With the help of IoT smart home devices, it has become easy to reduce energy and costs. This
automation system focuses on identifying the voice commands and uses low-power XBee, a
wireless communication module to collect the data form the sensors. The automation system is
intended to control all lights and electrical appliances inside a house or an office using voice
commands.[3]

Figure 2: Functional Block Diagram of Voice Controlled Smart Home System[9]

Applications:
These are the particulars where this application could be used. This system could be used in
home, school and colleges, offices and also it could be used to save energy. It is an efficient
method for providing security. [10]

 Home automation

The automation is more useful for the disabled people and for the elderly people who are
not able to do their work manually, hence it will be useful to for those people. In this
application the electronic appliances could be automatically ON/OFF.

 Commercial building automation

It is the automatic centralized control of a building’s heating, ventilation and air

conditioning, lighting, and other system through a building management system.

 Industrial application control

The machinery, some of the processes in factories, boilers and heaters, steering and
stabilization of the ships, aircraft and other applications with minimal cost and human
intervention is reduced.

 Smart energy

As all appliances can be accessed automatically and which saves the energy and the cost
required could be less for developing the automated system. The human intervention
could also be reduced which saves the energy and efficient result could be obtained.

 Medium range wireless communication

Wi-Fi and Hotspot could be used as the medium range of the wireless communication in
the networks. This also provides the security for the system. As it is wireless there is no
connection problem and it could be easily implemented.

Characteristics:

XBee is one of the most popular mesh networking protocols, specifically designed for low-data
rate and low-power applications. The main advantage of XBee is that it is an open standard,
hence it could communicate with other XBee without any restrictions. It is mainly used in
managing all of our home devices form one place. The following are the characteristics:
 Flexibility
 Provides maximum security to home
  Increases the efficiency of the energy

Related Works
A survey examines the current scholarly work available on a particular subject, perhaps
within a given time period. It is the summary and synthesis of material gathered from various
sources and organized to address an issue, research objective, or problem statement.

[1] Arham Surve et.al has suggested the paper called Voice Controlled Smart Home System
where it gives the information about the Xbee Module and the basic requirements needed for the
deployment of the system and the how to use Xbee module as a wireless node and to collect the
data. In this, the application of the Xbee and the use of the Home automation system has been
observed where which controls the light and fans. But this failed doesn’t provide the efficient
result if there is noise in the input and also the XBee RF communication is reliable in indoor
conditions, but when obstacles are introduced, data transmission is affected.[ ]

[2] Y. Bala Krishna et.al has proposed the system called Zigbee Based Voice Control
System for Smart Home which provides the overall design of a wireless home automation
system. This system provides the system for the elderly and the disabled people. The automation
center’s on recognition of voice commands and uses ZigBee wireless communication modules.
The home automation system is intended to control all lights and electrical appliances in a home
through the voice commands given by the user through this system. But this was not able to
generate the result if the distance between the wireless nodes goes beyond 80m.

[3] Vijay S. Kale et.al has done the work on Real Time Remote Temperature & Humidity
Monitoring Using Arduino and Xbee S2 which monitors the environmental parameters
which have gained more importance due to the security purpose. So the idea of giving
security to such parameters becomes critically important. To provide the security wireless
technology is used. As the wireless technology is low cost, low power, cost effective
wireless modules are available and they work in such locations efficiently. The use of
wireless sensor network technology for monitoring temperature and humidity using
Arduino microcontroller, Xbee S2, DHT11 sensor and PC. As it is important to have a
real time value in order to calculate the current temperature and the humidity of different
places.

[4] Napolean A et.al has worked on Home automation System based on Zigbee using
voice recognition which includes centralized control of lighting, appliances, security locks of
gates and other systems, to provide improved convenience, comfort, energy efficiency and
security. Today it has to be updated with the rapidly changing technology to ensure vast
coverage, remote control, reliability, and real time operation by using wireless technologies for
security and control in home automation systems. The proposed system consists of a control
console interfaced with different relays using ZigBee with the AT89S52 is a low-power. Then
we have analyzed regarding the data rate and coverage area of ZigBee technology in indoor and
outdoor applications. But this application was efficient for the indoor but failed to generate the
efficient result for the outdoor applications.
[5] S. Benjamin Arul et.al has worked on Wireless Home Automation System Using Zigbee
which provides supporting systems for the elderly and the disabled. Coupled with this, the world
population is confirmed to be getting older and the people may want to lead the luxury life. This
paper entails the overall design of a wireless home automation system which has been built and
implemented. The automation centers on recognition of voice commands and uses ZigBee
wireless communication modules. The home automation system is intended to control all lights
and electrical appliances. This system is trained with 7 different languages in order to analyze the
voice commands. But this system fails to give the efficient result, if the voice command is given
in different language other than the languages used or trained.

[6] Muhammad Rehan et.al, worked on the Zigbee Based Voice Controlled Wireless Smart
Home System for elderly and disabled people. The main goal of this system is to control home
appliances by using voice commands. The proposed system can recognize the voice commands,
convert them into the required data format, and send the data through the wireless transmitter.
Based on the received data at the wireless receiver associated with the appliances desired
switching operations are performed.

Analysis of the existing modules

Paper no Nodes Application Features
Paper 1 Easy VR 2.0, Voice To gain the result of Low Power
Controlled, ZigBee the system Robust
remotely. Mesh Networking
Interoperability
Paper 2 Microphone Multimedia Low power
RF ZigBee streaming using Make use of wireless
Central controller Differential Pulse modules
module Code Robust
Appliance control Modulation(DPCM)
module
Paper 3 Wireless sensor node, Indoor Applications Mesh networking
Arduino, Xbee S2 Flexibility
Low cost
Paper 4 MCU, ZigBee, relays Indoor and Outdoor Low-Power
Applications High Performance
Paper 5 ZigBee transceivers, Indoor applications Single chip voice
voice streaming, HM recognition CMOS
2007 IC, microphone LSI
Speaker dependent
External RAM support
Maximum 40 word
recognition (.96
second)
Maximum word length
1.92 seconds (20
 word)
Response time is less
than 300millisceonds

Paper 6 Wireless, ZigBee, LabView for human Training voice is not

Speech recognition –computer required
system interaction. Low power
Can check remotely Low cost
for the status of the
home appliances

Proposed work:

Wireless networks and sensors are playing important roles in these days for computing
technologies that are required for the understanding of smart homes. Effectively all wireless
technologies that can support some form of remote data transfer, sensing, and control are
candidates for inclusion in the smart home. In this work we used XBee wireless system.
Compared to other wireless systems like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, XBee has some advantages as
follows: (a) XBee aims at automation whereas other two technologies aim at the connectivity of
mobile devices in close proximity, (b) XBee uses low data rates, and consumes low power, (c)
XBee networks support devices with longer range, and (d) XBee network is a robust network and
more flexible for communication.
Each devices are connected to the wireless network where the data are stored in the cloud. Based
on the data collected the user can access the system through the voice commands in order to turn
on/off the home appliances. The wireless network could be drawn by using XBee. As Xbee has
many advantages over all the other modules like Bluetooth and wifi, it is better to use the XBee.

The requirements of the automation system:

Software :
 IDE : Arduino
 Programming language : C,C++
 Operating system : windows 7 & above
 Cloud server : thingspeak
 XCTU

Hardware :
 Ardunio uno
 XBee module
Methodology:
Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study. It
comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a branch
of knowledge.
A methodology doesn’t set out to provide solutions- it is therefore, not the same as a method.
Instead, a methodology offers theoretical behind for accepting which method, set of methods, or
best practices can be applied to a specific case.[wik]
To deploy this system the following steps are followed:
 Step1: Configuration phase

Configure two XBee modules, one as a transmitter and the other as the receiver, microphone
and sensors.
 Step 2: Voice recognition at sending phase:

When a valid user says a particular voice instruction, the microphone gets it first and then the
ATmega328 transmitter receives it. When the Xbee is enabled, this would send a particular
character to the XBee transmitter.

Figure 3: Flow Chart for Wireless home automation system using XBee
 %3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20style%3D%22edgeStyle%3DorthogonalEdgeStyle%3Brounded%3D0%3BorthogonalLoop%3D1%3BjettySize%3Dauto%3Bhtml%3D1%3BexitX%3D0.5%3BexitY%3D1%3BexitDx%3D0%3BexitDy%3D0%3BentryX%3D0.5%3BentryY%3D0%3BentryDx%3D0%3BentryDy%3D0%3B%22%20edge%3D%221%22%20source%3D%223%22%20target%3D%2210%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20relative%3D%221%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%223%22%20value%3D%22Captures%20Human%20Voice%22%20style%3D%22rounded%3D1%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Bhtml%3D1%3BfontSize%3D12%3Bglass%3D0%3BstrokeWidth%3D1%3Bshadow%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22130%22%20y%3D
%2290%22%20width%3D%22180%22%20height%3D%2240%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%224%22%20style%3D%22edgeStyle%3DorthogonalEdgeStyle%3Brounded%3D0%3BorthogonalLoop%3D1%3BjettySize%3Dauto%3Bhtml%3D1%3BexitX%3D0.5%3BexitY%3D1%3BexitDx%3D0%3BexitDy%3D0%3BentryX%3D0.5%3BentryY%3D0%3BentryDx%3D0%3BentryDy%3D0%3B%22%20edge%3D%221%22%20source%3D%226%22%20target%3D%227%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20relative%3D%221%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%225%22%20style%3D%22edgeStyle%3DorthogonalEdgeStyle%3Brounded%3D0%3BorthogonalLoop%3D1%3BjettySize%3Dauto%3Bhtml%3D1%3BexitX%3D1%3BexitY%3D0.5%3BexitDx%3D0%3BexitDy%3D0%3BentryX%3D0%3BentryY%3D0.5%3BentryDx%3D0%3BentryDy%3D0%3B%22%20edge%3D%221%22%20source%3D
%226%22%20target%3D%228%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20relative%3D%221%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%226%22%20value%3D%22IF%20Matches%22%20style%3D%22rhombus%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Bhtml%3D1%3Bshadow%3D0%3BfontFamily%3DHelvetica%3BfontSize%3D12%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BstrokeWidth%3D1%3Bspacing%3D6%3BspacingTop%3D-4%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22170%22%20y%3D%22290%22%20width%3D%22100%22%20height%3D%2280%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%227%22%20value%3D%22Commands%20are%20sent%20to%20the%20corresponding%20relays%20through%20XBee%26amp%3Bnbsp%3B%22%20style%3D%22rounded%3D1%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Bhtml%3D1%3BfontSize%3D12%3Bglass%3D0%3BstrokeWidth%3D1%3Bshadow%3D0%3B
%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22130%22%20y%3D%22430%22%20width%3D%22180%22%20height%3D%2240%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%228%22%20value%3D%22No%20commands%20are%20sent%2C%20hence%20no%20appliances%20are%20activated%22%20style%3D%22rounded%3D1%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Bhtml%3D1%3BfontSize%3D12%3Bglass%3D0%3BstrokeWidth%3D1%3Bshadow%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22320%22%20y%3D%22310%22%20width%3D%22170%22%20height%3D%2240%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%229%22%20value%3D%22%22%20style%3D%22edgeStyle%3DorthogonalEdgeStyle%3Brounded%3D0%3BorthogonalLoop%3D1%3BjettySize%3Dauto%3Bhtml%3D1%3B%22%20edge%3D%221%22%20source%3D%2210%22%20target
%3D%226%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20relative%3D%221%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%3E%3CArray%20as%3D%22points%22%3E%3CmxPoint%20x%3D%22220%22%20y%3D%22240%22%2F%3E%3CmxPoint%20x%3D%22220%22%20y%3D%22240%22%2F%3E%3C%2FArray%3E%3C%2FmxGeometry%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%2210%22%20value%3D%22Compares%20with%20the%20voice%20recorded%22%20style%3D%22rounded%3D1%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Bhtml%3D1%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22130%22%20y%3D%22170%22%20width%3D%22180%22%20height%3D%2250%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%2211%22%20value%3D%22No%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3BstrokeColor%3Dnone%3BfillColor%3Dnone%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B
%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22270%22%20y%3D%22300%22%20width%3D%2240%22%20height%3D%2220%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%2212%22%20value%3D%22Yes%22%20style%3D%22text%3Bhtml%3D1%3BstrokeColor%3Dnone%3BfillColor%3Dnone%3Balign%3Dcenter%3BverticalAlign%3Dmiddle%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Brounded%3D0%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22220%22%20y%3D%22390%22%20width%3D%2240%22%20height%3D%2220%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3E

 Step 3: Voice recognition at receiving phase:

When the XBee is enabled, it will send the corresponding character to the receiver XBee.
The characters sent differ as per the voice instructions of the user.
 Step 4: Establishing a wireless connection:

When the wireless communication is established successfully, it will send instructions for
ATmega328.
 Step 5: Performing the operation based on the given voice command:

As a result, the appliances can be turned ON or OFF or controlled like increasing or

decreasing the speed depending on the control characters received.
Results and discussion:
The wireless network technology has a wide usage and an efficient one for generating the result.
As wireless technology is a flexible one it is easy to extend the system based on the user
requirements. This system is implemented for the disabled and elderly people in order to help
them to ON/OFF the electronic appliances. As this system uses the XBee module it is easy for
the communication between the wireless nodes.
Results:

Figure 4: Discovering the radio modules

Figure 5: Adding the discovered modules

Figure 6: Reading radio module properties

 Figure 7: Sending packets

REFERENCES
[1] Obaid, Thoraya, Haliemah Rashed, Ali Abu El Nour, Muhammad Rehan, Mussab
Muhammad Saleh, and Mohammed Tarique. "ZigBee based voice controlled wireless smart
home system." International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks 6, no. 1 (2014): 47.
[2] Arul, S. Benjamin. "Wireless home automation system using zigbee." International Journal
of Scientific & Engineering Research 5, no. 12 (2014): 133-138.

[3] Surve, Arham, Roshan Kankal, Sneha Nayak, and Pushpa Us. "Voice Controlled Smart
Home System." In Proceedings of 22nd IRF International Conference. 2015.

[4] Krishna, Y. Bala, and S. Nagendram. "Zigbee based voice control system for smart
home." International Journal on Computer Technology and Applications 3, no. 1 (2012): 163-
168.

[5] Boonsawat, Vongsagon, Jurarat Ekchamanonta, Kulwadee Bumrungkhet, and Somsak

Kittipiyakul. "XBee wireless sensor networks for temperature monitoring." In the second
conference on application research and development (ECTI-CARD 2010), Chon Buri, Thailand,
pp. 221-226. 2010.

[6] Kale, Vijay S., and Rohit D. Kulkarni. "Real Time Remote Temperature & Humidity
Monitoring Using Arduino and Xbee S2." International Journal of Innovative Research in
Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation and Control Engineering 4, no. 6 (2016).
[7] Napolean, A., K. Karthik, M. Kamalakannan, M. Amarnath, and A. Nidhin. "Implementation
Of Zigbee Based Home Automation System Using Voice Recognition."

[8]https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Ffigure
%2FTwo-tiered-wireless-sensor-network-
architecture_fig1_228985613&psig=AOvVaw1V3J1VoOEYztBg6EK3lPMV&ust=1581141236
692000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCMiUktngvucCFQAAAAAdAAAAA
BAJ

[9]https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/Devf-
XVfTGbwN0VHatrftmbtnOyFzpqGPMnavi45_QgmAHH6wksm7IAp4Qm5RTNdRkezAMXvc
l5ogXthru9iJ4inDplnmfFghM12qwYN4JFvtZExml8hX86dITRQ

[10] www.google.com