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    Microscope - Feb2023

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    Caleb Awe
    The document discusses three optical instruments: magnifiers, microscopes, and telescopes. Magnifiers use a single converging lens to form an enlarged image of an object. Microscopes provide greater magnification than magnifiers using an objective lens and eyepiece, where the objective forms an image that serves as the object for the eyepiece. Telescopes similarly use an objective lens or mirror and eyepiece, but are used to view large distant objects rather than small close objects. Both microscopes and telescopes calculate total magnification as the product of the individual magnifications of the objective and eyepiece.

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    Microscope - Feb2023

    Uploaded by

    Caleb Awe
    16 views2 pages
    The document discusses three optical instruments: magnifiers, microscopes, and telescopes. Magnifiers use a single converging lens to form an enlarged image of an object. Microscopes provide greater magnification than magnifiers using an objective lens and eyepiece, where the objective forms an image that serves as the object for the eyepiece. Telescopes similarly use an objective lens or mirror and eyepiece, but are used to view large distant objects rather than small close objects. Both microscopes and telescopes calculate total magnification as the product of the individual magnifications of the objective and eyepiece.

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    4. Microscope_Feb2023

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    The document discusses three optical instruments: magnifiers, microscopes, and telescopes. Magnifiers use a single converging lens to form an enlarged image of an object. Microscopes provide greater magnification than magnifiers using an objective lens and eyepiece, where the objective forms an image that serves as the object for the eyepiece. Telescopes similarly use an objective lens or mirror and eyepiece, but are used to view large distant objects rather than small close objects. Both microscopes and telescopes calculate total magnification as the product of the individual magnifications of the objective and eyepiece.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views2 pages

    Microscope - Feb2023

    Uploaded by

    Caleb Awe
    The document discusses three optical instruments: magnifiers, microscopes, and telescopes. Magnifiers use a single converging lens to form an enlarged image of an object. Microscopes provide greater magnification than magnifiers using an objective lens and eyepiece, where the objective forms an image that serves as the object for the eyepiece. Telescopes similarly use an objective lens or mirror and eyepiece, but are used to view large distant objects rather than small close objects. Both microscopes and telescopes calculate total magnification as the product of the individual magnifications of the objective and eyepiece.

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    PHS 121 Optics – Optical Instruments: Microscope, Telescope

    The Magnifier

    The size of an object is determined by the size of its image on the retina, and this

    size depends upon the angle 𝜃 (angular size), subtended by the object at the eye. A

    magnifier is a converging lens that is used to form an image larger than the object.

    The angular magnification is

    𝜃′
    𝑀 (angular magnification)= 𝜃 .

    where

    𝜃 ′ = angle subtended with magnifier.

    𝜃 = angle subtended without magnifier.


    25
    For a simple single lens magnifier 𝑀 = , where f is the focal length in cm.
    𝑓

    The Microscope

    When we need greater magnification than we can get with a simple magnifier, we

    usually use a microscope (also known as a compound microscope). The image

    formed by the objective lens serves as the object for the eyepiece. Both the objective

    and the eyepiece of an actual microscope are compound lenses with several

    elements (not as simple as described herein). The overall angular magnification of

    the compound microscope is the product of two factors:

    1. Lateral magnification of the objective lens, 𝑚1 .

    2. Eyepiece magnification 𝑚2 .

    Therefore, overall magnification

    𝑀 = 𝑚1 𝑚2 (1)

    The final image is inverted with respect to the object.

    1
    PHS 121 Optics – Optical Instruments: Microscope, Telescope

    Examples

    1. In a compound microscope, the objective lens has a focal length of 8 mm, and the

    eyepiece has a focal length of 40 mm. The distance between the two lenses is 200

    mm, and the final image appears to be at a distance 250mm from the eyepiece.

    a. How far is the object from the objective lens?

    b. What is the total magnification?

    1 2

    A C 200 B
    jjjjjiii
    mm
    mm
    mm
    mm
    Telescopes

    The optical system of a telescope is similar to that of a compound microscope. In

    both instruments, the image formed by an objective is viewed by an eyepiece. The

    key difference is that the telescope is used to view large objects at large distances

    and the microscope is used to view small objects close by. Another difference is that

    many telescopes use a curved mirror, not a lens, as the objective. The angular

    magnification 𝑀 of a telescope is the ratio of the focal length of the objective to that

    of the eyepiece.

    𝜃 𝑓1 (𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)
    𝑀 = = −
    𝜃′ 𝑓2 (𝑒𝑦𝑒𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑒)

    The negative sign shows that the final image is inverted. The magnification of a

    telescope can be varied by using different eyepieces with different focal lengths 𝑓2 .

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