Litton LTN-92 Inertial Navigation System - Version 1.

2, 09/08/2022
The purpose of this tutorial is to get you to grips with the Litton LTN-92 INS, recently added to the Felis 747-
200. Introduced in the 1980s, the LTN-92 was an upgrade of the Delco-Carousel CIVA INS, adding more
features and an improved display for ease-of-use purpose. The main changes are the introduction of a LED
matrix display screen, the ability to input 99 waypoints instead of the 9 limited to the CIVA, and the use of five-
digit ARINC waypoint IDs instead of co-ordinates. As you can imagine, this makes a huge difference when
flying on certain routes, or even flying online.

In this tutorial you will learn:

 The functions of the LTN-92.

 The display and keypad functions.
 How to program and execute a flight plan from cold-and-dark.
 How to import and export a flight plan.

And more:

Activating the LTN-92

To choose the LTN-92, go to OPTIONS in the Felis EFB and you can switch between using the INS, default
XP11 FMC or the LTN-92. You can also choose whether to have the display digits in green or in amber.
 The LTN Display/Aligning the LTN

Those of you old enough to remember the age of flip-phones and otherwise primitive pre-iPhone technology
will recognize the layout of the keypad on the LTN-92. Each key serves multiple functions. Each letter of the
alphabet, from A-Z is represented, with all but the W and X keys being able to open pages or input numbers.
Each page will be explored in detail later on. In the meantime, here is a basic rundown of some functions per
key.

 A-N. When typing, this allows you to switch from inputting letters into the LTN to numbers. If you’re
stuck on an input field and want to change the page, press CLR then A-N. This will allow you to
change pages.
 CLR. Will clear the field when typing, as well as cancel the type on some pages.
 ENT. Enters the input.
 BRT/DIM. When not typing, this can turn up the intensity of the LTN display or turn it down.
 HLD. This will freeze the present position display.

Here you can see the three MSU mode selectors. These function in more-or-less the same as the ones for the
Delco-Carousel INS. See below on how to align the LTN. You can quick align by going to the EFB INS
tools and clicking on Quick align.

This is the default page that you’ll see when you turn on the LTN. Here you can check you have the correct
navigation database installed. Press CLR to continue.
Here you see the position page pre-alignment. There are several ways to align the LTN.

The simplest way is to enter the ICAO ID of the airport you’re departing from. To access this page, press the
Y/Down Arrow. This page will pop-up. Type in the four-letter ICAO code (for this example, KLAX) then press
ENT.
Here you can enter the GMT and Date for the alignment. This is done automatically based on the current time
in-sim. However, you can change this if you wish.

To change the date, type it in in DD/MM/YY format then press ENT. The GMT works in 24-hour time, so it
will only accept an input of 1 or 2. Enter it in Hour, Minute, then Second. When the sim time matches the time
in the LTN, press ENT.
Once you’ve entered in the position, go to the STS page and you can see countdown as the LTN aligns. The
ALIGN figure is the alignment status, as the LTN aligns it will deprecate from 90 to 02.

The other recommended option is to enter in the latitude and longitude of your starting position. When you press
CLR at the main page upon turning on the LTN, instead of pressing the down arrow, press either 2N (if at the
North Hemisphere) or 8S (if at the South).

Type in latitude. You need eight digits. If you’re using Navigraph charts, you’ll notice that they only have seven
co-ordinates. Simply add a zero to the end. Press ENT. For longitude, press either W4 (for West) or 6E (for
East). Press ENT again, and repeat the GMT/Date steps listed above.
 Creating a flight plan from scratch

Go to the WPT page. First, you’ll need to enter in the ICAO of your departure airport. In this case, it’s Los
Angeles International – LAX. Press A-N or ENT, then type it in and press ENT. You’ll see the dotted line
disappear. Repeat the process for the enroute waypoints, then finally enter in the arrival ICAO (in this case,
PHNL). You can use the arrow keypads to browse the waypoints. If you want to stop inputting waypoints or
change the page, press CLR.

To delete any waypoints, slew (use the number keys) until the waypoint you want to remove is surrounded by
the two amber dots, then press CLR, then ENT.

The correct format for oceanic waypoints is five digits (four numbers and a letter). For example, 56N030W
would be entered as 5630N. If you have a waypoint with a No. 1 in the longitude, for example 40N130W, you
would enter 40N30.

If you need to insert a waypoint between two existing waypoints – for example, say you have two waypoints
named DINKY and DUETS, and need to enter a waypoint called DARCC in-between them, slew the top
waypoint (DINKY) to the amber dots, then press either A-N or ENT to bring up the dotted line. Type in
DARCC, then press ENT. You’ll see the waypoint slot in-between those two.
If the LTN detects two or more waypoints with the same ID, it will give you the option to choose which one you
want in the flight plan. You can slew between waypoints. Each display will give you the waypoint co-ordinates
and its country code. In this case, you can see the SMO VOR in the USA:

Or SMO VOR in Greece.

To accept the waypoint, press ENT. To reject either and return to the menu, press CLR.
You can also create custom waypoints using latitude and longitude. In this case, let’s say we want to make a
waypoint called FELIS..

Type in FELIS then press ENT.

Here you’ll see that you need to enter in co-ordinates for the waypoint. In this case, we will use the co-ordinates
for Boryspil, in Kyiv. Press 2N as this is in the Northern Hemisphere. Type in 502070 then press ENT. Next,
press 6E, as this is in the East Hemisphere. Type in 305360, then press ENT.
Once this is done, you’ll see two options. To add the waypoint to the flight plan, press Z/EXP. To remove it,
press CLR.

You can import a flight plan from Simbrief and load it into the LTN. Download the file, place it in your XP
directory/output/FMS plans. You will have to rename, as it accepts eight characters max. Suggested options –
say for a flight from KLAX to PHNL – you can change it to LAXHNL, LAXHNL1 (or any number so desired),
or KLAXPHNL.

At the WPT page, press in this order ENT – 0 – R – ENT. You will then see a RTE ID line pop up. Enter in the
flight plan ID and press ENT.
To save your flight plan, press ENT twice to see the above display. Enter in the Flight plan ID then press ENT.
You will see the following page.

\When the flight plan is saved, it will return you to the main WPT page.
Finally, by pressing EXP when slewed to a certain waypoint, you can see that waypoints co-ordinate and the
course and distance from the previous waypoint.
 Deleting a flight plan from the LTN
At the end of your flight, if you wish to continue on to another destination, there’s a shortcut that will allow you
to delete the flight plan in the LTN without having to delete waypoints one-by-one. You will have to do this for
all three units.

On the WPT page, slew to waypoint 01. Press CLR to delete it.

Afterwards, type in –D (use the zero key when in A mode to get the dash) and press ENT.
It will then prompt you to type in which waypoint you want to delete to. In this case, you would type in 99. The
display will then say DELETE 01 TO 99 (see above). Press ENT.

Now you can see that your flight plan has been deleted.
 Transferring Flight Plans between LTN Units
The LTN includes a feature that will allow you to transfer your flight plan between units, therefore avoiding
having to re-enter the flight plan in each LTN unit.

On the Master LTN (usually the No. 1) press RMT and slew to the XFILL MASTER line.

On the No. 2 and No. 3 LTN units, open the RMT page, slew to XFILL SLAVE, then press ENT.
Return to the No. 1 LTN, then press ENT.

Confirm that you have the correct number of waypoints. Press CLR to cancel the XFILL, or press ENT to
continue.
Confirm No. 2 and No. 3 LTN (System B and C respectively), then press ENT to commit to the transfer, or CLR
to cancel.

You can now watch as the LTN waypoints transfer individually. It will take a maximum of two minutes if all 98
waypoints are available. You can press CLR to abort the XFILL.
 Activating the flight plan in the LTN
After you’ve finished filling out the flight plan, it’s time to “activate” it so the FD/Autopilot will follow it once
engaged into NAV mode.

Go to the LEG page and press ENT. The departure field will appear on the dotted line. Press ENT.

Here you can see that the LTN is programmed to fly from the Present Position <P> to the first waypoint.
Confirm that AUTO SELECTED is displayed on the LTN. Do not press ENT again for a third time, because
that will cause the LTN to go into manual mode – meaning it will not automatically track between
waypoints.
After several seconds, it will automatically open the CRS page. Confirm that the top of the page reads CRS
DATA-AUTO.
 The Flight Plan page

Open the page by clicking on FPL. You will see four columns. Column One is the WPT number in the
sequence, Column Two is the waypoint identification, Column Three will display FRM next to the waypoint
immediately behind you, and TO next to the waypoint ahead of you (this waypoint will also be bordered by the
two dots on either side of the screen).

Column Four will display four different information data. You can change these at any time by pressing EXP.
The first one is DIST. This displays the cumulative distance to each waypoint. You can see in the above that you
have 42nm until RUTOM, 137 until CRN and 295 until SOR, and so on and so on.

Here you can see the cumulative time (in minutes, not hours or UTC) towards waypoints. Here you can see we
expect to reach RUTOM in five minutes, CRN in 18 and SOR in 39.
Here you can see the ETA (based on the SIM UTC time). Here you can see we expect to cross RUTOM and
0014Z, CRN at 0026Z and SOR at 0047Z.

Finally, you can see the DBW – distance between waypoints. This will tell you the distance from one waypoint
to another. Here you can see we have 209nm from our previous waypoint until RUTOM, 94nm from RUTOM
to CRN, and 159nm from CRN to SOR. When loading at the gate, use this column to double-check the DBW on
the LTN with the DBW on the flight plan. A small difference of one or two nautical mile between LTN and
flight plan figures is acceptable.
 Tracking the LTN-92 once airborne
Unless flying in a straight line from your runway to the first waypoint, you will most likely need to activate the
leg again once airborne. When you are on course to your second waypoint (remember, the first waypoint is
always your departure field) go to the DIR page and enter in the first digit of your second waypoint. Most likely,
upon entering the first digit, it will autofill in the rest and the whole waypoint will flash. If not, or if you’d
prefer, finish typing in the waypoint and press ENT. You will then see the latitude and longitude of the
waypoint. Press ENT again or CLR to reject. Do not press ENT a third time, otherwise it will go into manual
tracking.

When within 15nm from the next waypoint, ALR will illuminate on the LTN and the HSI.
 Entering a direct into the LTN
If you need to fly direct to a waypoint, open the DIR page and type in the waypoint ID. You can track direct to a
waypoint that isn’t in your flight plan. Press ENT. You will then see the latitude and longitude of the waypoint.
Press ENT again or CLR to reject. Do not press ENT a third time, otherwise it will go into manual tracking.

You can also enter a direct to the waypoint by using it’s number in the flight plan sequence.

Upon opening the DIR page, it will default to entering letters. Press A-N to change that to numbers. Then press
the down arrow.

Type in the number of waypoint in sequence and press ENT.

You will then see the co-ordinates of the waypoint. Press ENT again.

You will then see this page. You can see the ID of the waypoint you’re going direct to. Do not press ENT again
or else it will enable manual tracking.
 Changing the leq sequence
You can also change the leq sequence if so desired. To do this, open the LEG page. Type in the waypoint you
want to originate the leg chance from, and the waypoint you want to fly direct to from that waypoint.

Type in the originating waypoint, in this case POKAV, then press ENT.

Type in the waypoint you want to fly direct to then press ENT.
You can now see the FROM and TO waypoints at the top. Do not press ENT a third time, otherwise it will go
into manual tracking.

If you open the WPT page, you can then see that it will fly direct from POKAV to GINOX, skipping the
waypoints in-between.
Press the N page and press the down arrow.

This works the exact same as the method mentioned above, but instead of typing in the waypoint ID, type in the
waypoint number (you can get this from checking the WPT page). In this case, we would be using MALAV
(waypoint 19) and BCN (waypoint 21).

Type in 19, press ENT and type in 20.

Press ENT again.

You can now see the FROM and TO waypoints at the top. Do not press ENT a third time, otherwise it will go
into manual tracking.

If you open the WPT page, you can then see that it will fly direct from MALAV to BCN, skipping the
waypoints in-between.
 The Course Page
The course page shows some useful information you can follow as you fly along.

The very top line will let you know if you are automatically tracking the flight plan, or manually so. The next
line will show you which waypoint you are tracking towards. It will either show <P> at the left if tracking
directly towards a waypoint, or will show the originating waypoint and the next one.

The third line will show the desired track angle, either M-DTK (if in Magnetic Mode) or T-DTK (if in True Mode).

The fourth line will show the crosstrck distance (if enabled) in left or right from the desired track.

The fifth line will show you a track error in degrees, from either the left or right of the desired angle. Here you
can see we have en eror of three degrees from the left.
You can slew down to see a final value.

The sixth line will show the distance and time from your current position to the next waypoint.

Pressing EXP on the CRS page will allow you to enter a desired crosstrack angle. Type in the angle (in degrees)
and press ENT.
You can then see the xtrack value, xtrack distance from either a right or left angle, and the track error from
either a right or left angle. To clear the xtrack, enter a direct in the DIR page.
 The Instrument Data Page

The first line of Instrument Data page will show the aircraft track and groundspeed. The aircraft track will be
displayed as either M-TK (magnetic) or T-TK (true).

The second line will show you the wind direction and speed.

The third line will show you the aircraft heading, in either magnetic or true, depending on which is enabled.

The fourth line will show you the drift angle from either the left or the right, and the true airspeed.

You can slew down to see more values.

The fifth line will show you the accleration data.

The sixth line will show you the exact altitude in feets and meters.
The seventh line will show you whichever frequency is entered into the nav radio on that LTN side.

The eight, ninth and tenth lines respectively will show you the pitch, roll and heading (either magnetic or true)
to the +0.01 degree.

By pressing EXP on the data page, you can see the crosswind angle and direction, and whether you are flying in
a head or tailwind – and the speed.
Finally, you can change from using magnetic or true heading by pressing the up arrow, where you can press
ENT to change to magnetic if using true, or CLR to change to true if using magnetic.

Here you can see that you are in true-track.

 Manual Position Update
You can manually update the LTN position by using a known fix or navaid on your flight plan.

Go to the POS page and press the HLD button. You will see a H in the top-left corner. This means that the
position in the display is frozen and will not automatically update until either the HLD mode is de-activated or
when you enter in a new position.

Slew LAT to the entry line. Press either 2N (for Northern Hemisphere) or 8S (for Southern). Enter in the co-
ordinates of the fix/navaid you want to use to update with.
Type in the co-ordinates and press ENT. You will see an asterisk next to LAT now. Now slew LON to the entry
line and press either W4 (for Western Hemisphere) or 6E (for East). Enter in the desired longitutde and press
ENT.

You should now see an asterisk next to both LAT and LON.
Press ENT again. You will now see that the H no longer appears in the top-left. The LTN is no longer in HLD
mode.