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Practical Research 1

This document discusses research methods and ethics. It provides 10 characteristics of research including being systematic, objective, empirical, and clear. The research process involves 5 phases: conceptual, design/planning, empirical, analytic, and dissemination. There are also 15 ethical codes and policies for research such as honesty, integrity, openness, and human subject protection. The document contrasts quantitative research, which aims to characterize trends using large samples and structured instruments, and qualitative research which generates hypotheses from data using small samples to understand individual differences.

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CAYABAN, RISHA MARIE DV.
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19 views

Practical Research 1

This document discusses research methods and ethics. It provides 10 characteristics of research including being systematic, objective, empirical, and clear. The research process involves 5 phases: conceptual, design/planning, empirical, analytic, and dissemination. There are also 15 ethical codes and policies for research such as honesty, integrity, openness, and human subject protection. The document contrasts quantitative research, which aims to characterize trends using large samples and structured instruments, and qualitative research which generates hypotheses from data using small samples to understand individual differences.

Uploaded by

CAYABAN, RISHA MARIE DV.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practical Research 1 1

Research in Daily Life 6. Expressing high regard


7. Keeping privacy
Research 8. Taking accountability
- Creation of new knowledge & use existing 9. Having adequate capabilities
knowledge in a new & creative way to generate 10. Observing lawfulness
new concepts, methodologies & understandings
Importance of ethics in Research
 Research aims for truth
1. It promotes the aims of the research.
 Research
2. It upholds values that are essential to collaborative
 Improves quality of human life work.
 Research saves life 3. It ensures that researchers can be held accountable
 Research gathers necessary information to the public.
 Research explores humanity 4. It builds public support for research.
5. It promotes a variety of moral and social values.
Outputs:
- Electricity - Computer Ethical Codes & Policies for Research
- Engines - Internet 1. Honesty
- Telephone - Vaccines 2. Objectivity
- Rubber - Antibiotics 3. Integrity
4. Care
- Modern Education - Modern Medicine
5. Openness
6. Respect for intellectual property
Characteristics of Research:
7. Confidentiality
1. Systematic- structured, organized/ methodical 8. Responsible Publication
2. Objective- unbiased/ factual 9. Responsible Mentoring
3. Feasible- practical, achievable/ possible 10. Respect for colleagues
4. Empirical- observed, real, actual/ seen 11. Social responsibility
5. Clear- understandable 12. Non-discrimination
13. Competence
The Research Process 14. Legality
 Conceptual Phase 15. Human Subject Protection
 Design & Planning Phase
 Empirical Phase Right of Research Participants
1. Voluntary participation
 Analytic Phase
2. Informed consent
 Dissemination Phase
3. Risk of harm
4. Confidentiality
Significant Steps in Conducting a Study 5. Anonymity
 Define the research problem.
 Review the literature. Quantitative Research
 Formulate hypothesis. - It aims to characterize trends and patterns.
 Prepare the research design. - It usually starts with either a theory or
 Collect data. hypothesis about the relationship between two
 Analyze data. or more variables.
 Interpret and report the findings. - It uses structured research instruments like
questionnaires.
1. Making conclusions - It uses large sample sizes that are
2. Developing study procedures representatives of the population.
3. Identifying the problem - It has high output replicability.
4. Selecting a research design - It is used to gain greater understanding of group
5. Developing the research framework similarities.
6. Collecting data - It uses structured processes.
7. Interpreting results - Methods include census, survey, experiment,
8. Analyzing data and secondary analysis
9. Reviewing the literature
10. Determining the sampling and data collection plan Qualitative Research
- It involves processes, feelings, and motives (the
Ethics of Research why’s and the how’s) and produces in-depth
1. Adhering to facts and holistic data.
2. Being free from biases - It usually concerned with generating a
3. Exhibiting morality hypothesis from data rather than testing a
4. Showing concern hypothesis.
5. Accepting differences
Practical Research 1 2

- It uses either unstructured or semi-structured


instruments.
- It uses small sample sizes chosen purposely.
- It has high validity.
- It is used to gain greater understanding of
individual differences in terms of feelings,
motives, and experiences.
- It uses more flexible processes.
- Methods include field research, case study, and
secondary analysis Methods include field
research, case study, and secondary analysis

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