TEMPOS VERBAIS EM

INGLÊS
TEACHER CRISTIANO ESSWEIN
 TO BE PRESENT IS ARE AM
( SER E ESTAR CONJUGADO EM UMA FRASE USAMOS O TO BE)

I AM I’M
YOU ARE YOU’RE
HE IS HE’S
SHE IS SHE’S
IT IS IT’S
WE ARE WE’RE
THEY ARE THEY’RE

(+) S+V+C

(_) S + VNOT + C

(?) QW + V + S + C

S = SUJEITO
V = VERBO
C = COMPLEMENTO
QW=QUESTION WORD

QUESTION WORDS:
WHY = PORQUE
WHEN = QUANDO
HOW = COMO
WHO = QUEM
WHAT = O QUE
WHERE = ONDE
Negative Negative short form
I am not I'm not
you are not you aren't
he is not he isn't
she is not she isn't
it is not it isn't
we are not we aren't
they are not they aren't

AM NOT AM NOT
ARE NOT AREN’T
IS NOT ISN’T

(+) SHE IS PRETTY.

S V C
(_) SHE IS NOT (ISN’T) PRETTY.
S V NOT C

(?) IS SHE PRETTY?

V S C

(+) THEY ARE NICE PEOPLE.

S V C

(_) THEY ARE NOT (AREN’T) NICE PEOPLE.

S V NOT C

(?) WHY ARE THEY NICE PEOPLE?

QW V S C
TO BE PAST ( WAS / WERE)
( SER E ESTAR NO PASSADO CONJUGADO EM UMA FRASE, USAMOS O
TO BE)

I WAS
YOU WERE
HE WAS
SHE WAS
IT WAS
WE WERE
THEY WERE

WERE NOT = WEREN’T

WAS NOT = WASN’T

(+) SHE WAS PRETTY.

S V C
(_) SHE WAS NOT (WASN’T) PRETTY.
S V NOT C

(?) WAS SHE PRETTY?

V S C

(+) THEY WERE NICE PEOPLE.

(_) THEY WERE NOT (WEREN’T) NICE PEOPLE.

(?) WERE THEY NICE PEOPLE?

SHORT ANSWERS:

YES, SHE IS
NO SHE ISN’T

YES, THEY ARE

NO, THEY AREN’T

YES , SHE WAS

NO, SHE WASN’T

YES, THEY WERE

NO, THEY WEREN’T
PRESENT CONTINUOUS ING
TO BE + VERBO + ING
(Conjuga-se o To Be e acrescenta-se o ING no verbo principal da frase,
equivalente ENDO INDO ANDO, CAMINHANDO, CANTANDO,
COMENDO……VERBO EM AÇÃO)

+ she is EATING popcorn.

To be v+ing

_ She is not (isn’t) EATING popcorn.

To be v+ing

? Is she EATING popcorn?

To Be v+ing

+ They are PLAYING soccer.

To be v+ing

_ They are not (aren’t) PLAYING soccer.

To be v+ing

? Are they PLAYING soccer?

To be v+ing

I am eating.
You are eating.
He is eating.
She is eating.
It is eating.
We are eating.
They are eating.
PAST CONTINUOUS ING
TO BE PAST (WAS, WERE) + VERBO + ING
(Conjuga-se o verbo TO BE no passado e acrescenta o ING no verbo
principal da frase, equivalente ENDO INDO ANDO, CAMINHANDO,
CANTANDO, COMENDO……verbo em Ação).

+ she WAS EATING popcorn.

To be v+ing

_ She WAS NOT (WASN’T) EATING popcorn.

To be v+ing

? WAS she EATING popcorn?

To Be v+ing

+ They WERE PLAYING soccer.

To be v+ing

_ They WERE not (WEREN’T) PLAYING soccer.

To be v+ing

? WERE they PLAYING soccer?

To be v+ing

I WAS
YOU WERE
HE WAS
SHE WAS
IT WAS
WE WERE
THEY WERE
ING RULES (REGRAS)
1) SE O VERBO TERMINAR EM “E”
CORTA-SE O “E” + ING

EX: MAKE = MAKING

WRITE = WRITING

2) SE O VERBO TERMINAR EM “IE”,

CORTA-SE “IE” + YING

EX: DIE = DYING

TIE = TYING

3) SE O VERBO FOR UMA OU DUAS SILABAS, E TERMINAR

EM CONSOANTE, VOGAL CONSOANTE CVC, DOBRA-SE A
ULTIMA CONSOANTE E + ING

EX: STOP = STOPPING

CVC

SWIM = SWIMMING
CVC
SIMPLE PRESENT (PRESENTE SIMPLES)

*(+) HE, SHE, IT ACRESCENTA -SE O “S” NO VERBO

DA
FRASE. (SOMENTE NA AFIRMACAO SE FOR HE, SHE IT)

*DO/DOES SOMENTE (-) E (?), ( NAO USA A REGRA

DO
“S’ ).

DO = I , YOU, WE, THEY

DOES = HE, SHE, IT.

DO NOT = DON’T
DOES NOT = DOESN’T

AFIRMATIVO
I play

you play

he plays
she plays
it plays
we play
they play

NEGATIVO
I do not play I don't play
You do not play You don't play

He does not play He doesn't play

She does not play She doesn't play
It does not play It doesn't play
We do not play We don't play
They do not play They don't play
Wh Questions/ Questions ???
Where(onde) do I play ?
What (o que) do you play ?
Why (porque) does he play ?
Who (quem) does she play ?
When (quando) do we play ?
How (como) do they play ?

“S” RULES (aplica-se a regra na

afirmação do Presente Simples, quando
for HE, SHE, IT o sujeito)

1) SE O VERBO TERMINAR EM “S, CH, SH X, O + ES”

EX. WATCH = WATCHES
WASH = WASHES
GO = GOES

2) SE O VERBO TERMINAR EM “Y” precedido de consoante,

CORTA-SE “Y” + IES

EX STUDY= STUDIES

TRY = TRIES
Simple Past ( DID )
Usado para expressar algo que já passou, uma ação
QUE TERMINOU EM UM TEMPO DETERMINADO NO
PASSADO

(+) (o verbo principal da frase é passado para o

passado, ou ele é regular e termina em ED ou ele é
irregular e se encontra na lista de verbos irregulares,
na segunda coluna).

Verbos Regulares: verbos que no passado terminam com

ED.

Verbos Irregulares : verbos da lista de verbos Irregulares.

Ex.

She played soccer yesterday. (PLAY = PLAYED Regular Verbs

ED)

They drank Coke last night. (DRINK = DRANK Irregular

verbs_LISTA DE VERBOS Irregulares)

(- / ? ) usamos o verbo auxiliar DID.

(Somente para Negação e Interrogação)
(-) DID NOT / DIDN’T
EX.
She didn’t (did not) play soccer.

They didn’t (did not) play soccer.

(?) (DID)

Why did she play soccer?

Why did they play soccer?

“ED” RULES (REGULAR VERBS)

ACRESCENTA-SE O ED NO FINAL DOS VERBOS, EXCETO:

1) SE O VERBO TERMINAR EM “Y”, PRECEDIDO DE UMA

CONSOANTE CORTA-SE “Y” + IED

EX STUDY= STUDIED
TRY = TRIED
2) SE O VERBO TERMINAR EM “E”, ACRESCENTA-SE + D
EX: DANCE = DANCED

3) SE O VERBO FOR UMA OU DUAS SÍLABAS, E TERMINAR EM

CONSOANTE, VOGAL CONSOANTE CVC, DOBRA-SE A
ULTIMA CONSOANTE E +ED

EX STOP = STOPPED
CVC
FUTURE

What are you doing (tomorrow) and

GOING TO são usados para expressar Future quando
planejado, arranjado, decide que vou fazer.
TO BE + V + ING (+ palavra de futuro, tomorrow, in two
minutes, next week…)

I AM PLAYING TENNIS. (present continuous)

I AM PLAYING TENNIS TOMORROW. (present continous com ideia de futuro, algo planejado ).

SHE IS EATING ICE CREAM AFTER LUNCH.

MATEUS IS WATCHING A MOVIE ON FRIDAY.

USAMOS ESTE TEMPO VERBAL EXATAMENTE COMO USARIAMOS O PRESENT

CONTINOUS, ADICIONANDO UMA PLAVRA DE FUTURO, NOS DA A IDEIA DE FUTURO.

I’m going to… (do something)

Am/Is/Are GOING TO (vou, vai , vão …) + palavra
de future.

I am going to study Math on Friday.

She is going to start English Classes on Monday.
They are going to play the guitar at the party
Friday night.
WILL (FUTURO)
WILL + INFINITIVO

WILL BE, WILL PLAY, WILL DANCE, WILL EAT

- WILL NOT = WON’T

(+) I will play tennis.

(-) I won’t (will not) play tennis.
(?) Will you play tennis?

Não usamos will com relação ao que já esta decidido ou

planejado, neste caso usamos Going to.

* Usamos will para oferecer ajuda ou algo. Decisão ou oferta,

I will help you.

I will see you tomorrow

*Tb muito usado desta maneira,

I think I will see you tomorrow.

I don’t think I will see you tomorrow
Do you think I will see you tomorrow?

Shall em afirmações = will

SHALL USADO SOMENTE COM I, WE.

I SHALL.
WE SHALL.

SHALL em PERGUNTAS:
SHALL WE DANCE?
SHALL WE GO NOW?
SHALL I STOP TALKING?
PRESENT PERFECT

HAVE / HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE

USADO PARA FALAR DE SITUACOES QUE SE INICIARAM NO PASSADO

E QUE AINDA NÃO ACABOU, EM UM TEMPO INDETERMINADO.

I HAVE EATEN CHOCOLATE.

I HAVEN’T EATEN CHOCOLATE.
HAVE YOU EATEN CHOCOLATE?

SHE HAS EATEN CHOCOLATE.

SHE HASN’T EATEN CHOCOLTE.
HAS SHE EATEN CHOCOLATE?

JUST = ACABOU DE
ALREADY = JÁ NA AFIRMACÃO
YET = NA NEGACAO AINDA NÃO, FINAL DA FRASE.
YET NA PERGUNTA = JÁ TB NO FINAL DA FRASE

I HAVE JUST EATEN.

I HAVE ALREADY EATEN.
I HAVEN’T EATEN YET.
HAVE YOU EATEN YET?
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

HAVE / HAS BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE VERB +

ING

I HAVE BEEN EATING CHOCOLATE.

I HAVEN’T BEEN EATING CHOCOLTE.
HAVE YOU BEEN EATING CHOCOLATE?
As Conjunctions (conjunções), também
chamadas de linking words têm a função de conectar
ideias e frases, de forma a manter a lógica de um
discurso.

Algumas das mais usadas em inglês

são: and (e), although (apesar
de), but (mas), because (porque), however (no entanto)
e otherwise (caso contrário), entre outras.

1. Although
Traduzida como embora; apesar de, although é uma
conjunção concessiva. Esse tipo de conjunção faz uma
ressalva que não anula o argumento principal.

Exemplos:
• She traveled by plane, although she was afraid of flying. (Ela viajou de
avião, apesar de ter medo de voar.)
• Although the sun is shining, it’s cold. (Embora o sol esteja brilhando,
está frio.)

2. And
Traduzida como e, and é uma conjunção adicional.
Conforme o nome indica, ela adiciona informações à
frase.

Exemplos:
• She visited Los Angeles and New York. (Ela visitou Los Angeles e
Nova York.)
• He speaks German and Russian. (Ele fala alemão e russo.)
 3. Because
Traduzida como porque, because é uma conjunção
explicativa. Conforme o nome indica, ela é usada para
explicar algo.

Exemplos:
• They are studying because they will have an important exam tomorrow.
(Eles estão estudando porque terão uma prova importante
amanhã.)
• We didn’t go to the beach because it was raining.) (Não fomos à praia
porque estava chovendo.)

4. But
Traduzida como mas, but é uma conjunção adversativa,
ou seja, indica ideias opostas.

Exemplos:
• I would like to travel, but I have no money. (Eu gostaria de viajar, mas
não tenho dinheiro nenhum.)
• She called him, but he didn’t answer the phone. (Ela telefonou para ele,
mas ele não atendeu o telefone.)

5. However
Traduzida como entretanto; no entanto, however é uma
conjunção adversativa, ou seja, indica ideias opostas.

Exemplos:
• His vote, however, didn’t change anything. (O voto dele, no entanto,
não mudou nada.)
• She used to love her job. At some point, however, she lost her
motivation. (Ela amava o trabalho dela. A dada altura, entretanto, ela
perdeu a motivação.)
6. If
Traduzida como se, if é uma conjunção condicional.
Conforme o nome indica, ela expressa uma ideia de
condição.

Exemplos:
• If I had the money, I would buy a house. (Se eu tivesse dinheiro, eu
compraria uma casa.)
• I would have invited him if I knew he wanted to go. (Eu o teria
convidado se soubesse que ele queria ir.)

7. Or
Traduzida como ou, or é uma conjunção alternativa.
Assim, indica ideia de alternância; opção.

Exemplos:
• Which is your favorite color? Blue or green? (Qual a sua cor preferida?
Azul ou verde?)
• Are they brothers or cousins? (Eles são irmãos ou primos?)

8. Otherwise
Traduzida como de outro modo; de outra forma; caso
contrário, otherwise é uma conjunção alternativa. Assim,
indica ideia de alternância; opção.

Exemplos:
• You need to study hard, otherwise, you won’t pass the exam. (Você
precisa estudar bastante. De outra forma, não passará na prova.)
• I really like my team, otherwise, I would have quit my job. (Eu realmente
gosto da minha equipe. Caso contrário, eu teria deixado o meu
trabalho.)
9. Since
Traduzida como desde que; já que, since é uma
conjunção explicativa. Conforme o nome indica, é usada
para explicar algo.

Exemplos:
• You can use the pool since you pay for it. (Você pode usar a piscina
desde que você pague por isso.)
• Since the government quit the scholarship program, I will have to give
up my research. (Já que o governo acabou com o programa de
bolsas, terei que desistir da minha pesquisa.)

10. So
Traduzida como então; por isso, so é uma conjunção
conclusiva, ou seja, é usada para indicar a conclusão de
uma ideia.
• You know I am paying attention to the teacher, so stop talking to
me! (Você sabe que estou prestando atenção no professor, então,
pare de falar comigo!)
• He doesn’t speak English, so he had trouble finding a job. (Ele não fala
inglês, por isso, teve dificuldade de encontrar emprego.)
ADVÉRBIOS DE FREQUÊNCIA:

*NO BE ELES VEM DEPOIS DO VERBO (IS, ARE,

AM, WAS E WERE)
SHE IS ALWAYS SAD.

*NOS DEMAIS TEMPOS VERBAIS ELES VEM

ANTES DO VERBO PRINCIPAL DA ORAÇÃO.
SHE ALWAYS PLAY SOCCER.
FÓRMULAS TEMPOS VERBAIS EM INGLÊS
ADV.F = ADVÉRBIO DE FREQUENCIA (ALWAYS, SOMETIMES, NEVER....)
V = VERBO
S = SUJEITO
C = COMPLEMENTO
QW = QUESTION WORDS (WHEN, WHERE, WHY, WHAT, HOW, WHO…)

TO BE PRESENT
(+) S + V +ADV.F + C
(-) S + V NOT + ADV.F + C
(?) QW + V + S + ADV.F + C

TO BE PAST
(+) S + V +ADV.F + C
(-) S + V NOT + ADV.F + C
(?) QW + V + S + ADV.F + C

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (ING)

(+) S + BE + ADV.F + V + ING + C
(-) S + BE NOT + ADV.F + V + ING + C
(?) QW + V + S + ADV.F + V + ING + C

PAST CONTINUOUS (ING)

(+) S + BE + ADV.F + V + ING + C
(-) S + BE NOT + ADV.F + V + ING + C
(?) QW + V + S + ADV.F + V + ING + C

SIMPLE PRESENT
(+) S + ADV.F + V + C
(-) S + (DO NOT/DOES NOT -DON’T/DOESN’T) + ADV.F + V + C
(?) QW + (DO/DOES) + S + ADV.F + V + C
SIMPLE PAST
(+) S + ADV.F + V (ED OU IRREGULAR SEGUNDA COLUNA) + C
(-) S + (DID NOT/DIDN’T) + ADV.F + V + C
(?) QW + (DID) + S + ADV.F + V + C

FUTURE (GOING TO)

(+) S + BE + ADV.F + GO + ING TO + C
(-) S + BE NOT + ADV.F + GO + ING TO + C
(?) QW + V + S + ADV.F + GO + ING TO + C

FUTURE (WILL)
(+) S + WILL + ADV.F + V + C
(-) S + (WILL NOT/WON’T) + ADV.F + V + C
(?) QW + WILL + S + ADV.F + V + C
PRESENT PERFECT (HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE)
(+) S + HAVE/HAS + ADV.F + V (PAST PARTICIPLE OR ED) + C
(-) S + (HAVE NOT / HAS NOT – HAVEN’T/HASN’T) + ADV.F + V (PAST PARTICIPLE OR

ED) + C

(?) QW + HAVE / HAS + ADV.F + V (PAST PARTICIPLE OR ED) + C

PRESENT PERFECT JUST / ALREADY/ YET

(+) S + HAVE/HAS + JUST/ALREADY + V (PAST PARTICIPLE OR ED) + C
(-) S + (HAVE NOT / HAS NOT – HAVEN’T/HASN’T) + V + C (PAST PARTICIPLE OR

ED) + YET

(?) QW + HAVE / HAS + S + V (PAST PARTICIPLE OR ED) + YET

PRESENT PERFECT (QUESTIONS- COM EVER/NEVER -

HOW LONG - FOR/SINCE)
(?) HAVE/HAS + S + EVER + V (PAST PARTICIPLE OR ED) + C?
(-) S + HAVE/HAS + NEVER + V (PAST PARTICIPLE OR ED) + C? (ANSWERS COM
NEVER)

(?) HOW LONG + HAVE/HAS + S + V (PAST PARTICIPLE OR ED) + C?

(+) S + HAVE/HAS + V + FOR ( Por ) / SINCE( Desde ) (ANSWER)

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

(-) S + (HAVE/HAS) + BEEN + ADV.F + V + ING + C?
(-) S + (HAVE NOT/HAVEN’T - HAS NOT/HASN’T) + BEEN + ADV.F + V + ING + C?
(?) QW + HAVE/HAS + S + BEEN + ADV.F + V + ING + C?